Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 152 patients who were scheduled for an amputation for ischemia, seventy-seven were randomly assigned to perioperative prophylaxis with cefoxitin (Mefoxin) and seventy-five patients, to injections of a placebo. The patients were followed for twenty-one days or, in the case of wound complications, to the end of treatment. An infected wound occurred in 38.7 per cent of the patients in the placebo group and 16.9 per cent of those in the antibiotic group (p less than 0.005). Clostridial infection occurred in eight patients in the placebo group and in none in the antibiotic group (p = 0.003). Three of the patients with clostridial infection died of gas gangrene. A multivariate analysis showed that the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis increased the risk of infection by a factor of 3.3 (p = 0.004) and increased the need for reamputation by a factor of 4.5 (p = 0.003). We concluded that amputation patients should have prophylaxis with a broad-spectrum antibiotic given perioperatively.
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PMID:Prophylactic antibiotics in amputation of the lower extremity for ischemia. A placebo-controlled, randomized trial of cefoxitin. 388 4

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of hyperglycemia, in the absence of changes in plasma insulin and arterial free fatty acid (FFA) levels, on interstitial glucose levels and glucose uptake across the left ventricular wall during ischemia in domestic swine. Insulin secretion was suppressed with a continuous infusion of somatostatin. Arterial FFA levels remained stable due to the suppression of insulin. Microdialysis probes were used to estimate changes in interstitial glucose and lactate, and were placed in the subepicardium and the subendocardium of the left anterior descending ([LAD] ischemic) coronary artery perfusion bed and in the midmyocardium of the circumflex ([CFX] nonischemic) perfusion bed. The LAD coronary artery was cannulated and perfused with blood from the femoral artery through an extracorporal perfusion circuit. Ischemia was induced in the LAD perfusion bed by reducing the flow of the LAD perfusion pump by 60% for 50 minutes, and was followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Twenty minutes into the ischemic period, seven animals were given a bolus injection of 50% glucose (200 mg/kg) followed by a glucose infusion (10 mg/kg/min), resulting in an increase in arterial glucose levels from 5 to 13 mmol/L in the hyperglycemic group. Hyperglycemia resulted in a marked increase in dialysate glucose during ischemia and a greater than twofold increase in glucose extraction and uptake. Dialysate glucose correlated with plasma glucose in all three perfusion beds. In conclusion, hyperglycemia, in the absence of an increase in insulin and a decrease in arterial FFA, resulted in a doubling of glucose extraction, delivery, and uptake, which corresponded to the twofold elevation in interstitial glucose during ischemia.
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PMID:Hyperglycemia results in an increase in myocardial interstitial glucose and glucose uptake during ischemia. 862 95

Previously, we have demonstrated the role of nucleoside transport and purine release in post-ischemic reperfusion injury (myocardial stunning) in several canine models of ischemia. Since rabbits are deficient of xanthine oxidase, it is not known whether selective blockade of purine release is beneficial in a rabbit model of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion (stunning). Therefore, we determined the hemodynamic and metabolic correlates in response to myocardial stunning in the presence or absence of selective nucleoside transport blocker (p-nitrobenzylthioinosine, NBMPR) and adenosine deaminase inhibitor (erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, EHNA). Sixty adult anaesthetized rabbits were surgically prepared for hemodynamic measurements. After stabilization period, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 15 min and reperfused for 30 min. Transmural myocardial biopsies were obtained from the ischemic LAD area and from the non-ischemic posterior (circumflex, CFX) segment of the myocardium. Rabbits (n = 60) were randomly assigned to either the control or the EHNA/NBMPR-treated group (n = 30 each). Each group was further divided to either functional or metabolic groups (n = 15 each subgroup). Each animal received intravenously 30 ml of either a vehicle solution or 100 M EHNA and 25 M NBMPR 10 min before ischemia. Although administration of EHNA/NBMPR did not affect the heart rate, it did cause mild hypotension (about 20-30%). Fifteen minutes of LAD occlusion resulted in significant ATP depletion and concomitant accumulation of nucleosides in both groups (p < 0.05 vs. baseline and non-ischemic CFX segment). AMP was higher in the LAD compared to the CFX segment. Significant accumulation of adenosine was observed in the treated group compared to the control group. It is concluded that EHNA/NBMPR induced site specific entrapment of adenosine of nucleoside transport in the rabbit heart, in vivo.
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PMID:Role of nucleoside transport and purine release in a rabbit model of myocardial stunning. 954 41