Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to further elucidate the mechanisms involved in therapeutic effects of prostacyclin and Iloprost in peripheral ischemic disease, the actions on microvascular tone, capillary density, and increases in venular permeability induced by inflammatory mediators and by ischemia were investigated in the cheek pouch of anaesthetized Syrian hamsters using intravital videomicroscopy and--for quantification of vascular permeability--venular leakage of fluorescein-labelled dextran (FITC-D; Mw 70,000). Iloprost at the nonhypotensive, platelet aggregation-inhibiting dose of 0.5 microgram/kg/min i.v. significantly increased the diameters of arterioles and venules and the density of perfused capillaries and antagonized vasoconstriction and decrease of perfused capillary density as induced by Leukotriene D4 (LTD4; 10(-7) M). Iloprost significantly antagonized venular leakage of FITC-D induced by histamine (10(-5) M), serotonin (10(-5) M), bradykinin (10(-6) M) and reperfusion after 30 min ischemia. Topical application of Iloprost (10(-8) M), intraarterial infusion of Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1; 2.0 micrograms/kg/min), and topical Forskolin (10(-5) M) also attenuated histamine-induced venular FITC-D leakage, while topical PGE1 (10(-7) M) and i.v. infusion of Nifedipine (30 micrograms/kg + 10 micrograms/kg/min) were not effective. It is concluded, that microvascular effects of Iloprost by improvement of tissue perfusion and functional antagonism of mediator-induced tissue edema and vasospasm could contribute to therapeutic effectiveness in ischemic diseases.
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PMID:Action of the stable prostacyclin analogue iloprost on microvascular tone and -permeability in the hamster cheek pouch. 244 31

Effects of iloprost on the behaviour of high energy phosphate contents were investigated in global ischemic and reperfused rat hearts prepared according to Langendorff. Iloprost application before and after 20 min of ischemia at a dosage of 9-12 pg/g heart weight x min improved the availability of high energy phosphates as was shown by CP/Pi ratio during the first hour of reperfusion.
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PMID:31-P-NMR-spectroscopy on ischemic and reperfused rat hearts: effects of iloprost. 244 92

Thromboxane, prostacyclin and their ratio could play an important role in the ischemic liver injury. To study this hypothesis, thromboxane and prostacyclin were measured by RIA after incubation of liver tissues removed during and after an ischemia of 90 min in male Wistar rats. The thromboxane to prostacyclin ratio increases during this period. In order to examine if this change could influence the survival rate of animals submitted to the same period of ischemia, drugs able to reduce the relative predominance of thromboxane were infused. The survival rate was not modified by administration of Iloprost or Daltroban, the antagonist of the thromboxane receptors. By contrast, imidazole, an inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase, significantly increased the survival rate. The same result was obtained with the administration of Daltroban plus Iloprost, suggesting that the reduction of thromboxane action associated with the increase of PGI2 level reduces the ischemic injury.
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PMID:Effect of PGI2 and thromboxane antagonist on liver ischemic injury. 247 69

Ischemic myocardium generates stimuli for neutrophil chemotaxis before the final extent of irreversible ischemic injury is attained. Reperfusion accelerates the infiltration of ischemic myocardium by neutrophils. Oxygen radicals released by the activated neutrophils may exacerbate the tissue damage caused by ischemia. Neutrophil depletion by antiserum was shown to limit infarct size in dogs undergoing coronary occlusion for 90 minutes followed by reperfusion for 6 or 72 hours, but not in dogs undergoing occlusion for 4 hours. Prostacyclin, which inhibits the generation of superoxide anions by neutrophils, also limited canine myocardial injury despite no effect on collateral blood flow. Iloprost, an analogue of prostacyclin that inhibits neutrophils also reduced infarct size, while SC39902, an analogue that does not inhibit neutrophils, did not alter infarct size. The results suggest that oxygen radicals released by activated neutrophils play a role in the pathophysiology of myocardial injury due to ischemia followed by reperfusion.
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PMID:Leukocytes, oxygen radicals, and myocardial injury due to ischemia and reperfusion. 327 98

The hypothesis that prostacyclins exert a membrane stabilizing action on the ischemic myocardium was examined in isolated rabbit hearts by measuring the elimination half-time of labelled catabolites after injection of 17-(131I)-heptadecanoic acid. During normoxia, a rapid washout of labelled lipids was observed along with a slower exponential elimination of I- from beta-oxidation. After 90 min of ischemia, lipid washout was increased over 6-fold. Infusion of iloprost (1.1 nmol/min) significantly reduced the lipid washout half-time. Iloprost preserved functional myocardial integrity as evidenced by a greater recovery of left ventricular pressure and attenuation of the increase in coronary resistance after reperfusion. These results indicate that the poor recovery of the heart after ischemia is associated with significant changes in membrane integrity and permeability. These data support the hypothesis that the biochemical and functional myocardial preservation by prostacyclin(s) is by a membrane stabilizing mechanism.
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PMID:Effect of iloprost (ZK 36 374) on membrane integrity in ischemic rabbit hearts. 608 84

A young woman with acute upper extremity edema and ischemia after intraarterial drug injection is presented. Unsatisfactory results from standard treatment were the reason for changing the therapy to temporary thrombolysis, which led to significant improvement. Some days later severe impairment forced another attempt at applying standard therapy, again unsuccessful. Only after continuous intraarterial infusion of Iloprost, a new improvement occurred and saving of the hand was possible. It became obvious that more effective therapeutic measures ought to be applied when severe hand ischemia following intraarterial drug injection is present.
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PMID:Severe acute hand ischemia following an accidental intraarterial drug injection, successfully treated with thrombolysis and intraarterial Iloprost infusion. Case report. 748 19

Free flap transplantations and replantations of extremities are threatened by venous occlusion due to haematomas, contusions, and secondary healing of the surrounding tissues. In an experimental investigation in 18 Sprague-Dawley-rats, the influence of the Prostacyclin analogue Iloprost on temporary ischemia by venous occlusion was tested. Free groin flaps were transplanted to the neck of these animals with microanastomoses of the nutrient superficial epigastric vessels to the carotid artery and the jugular vein. On the first postoperative day the vein was temporarily clamped. In the control group there was always a total loss of the flap by haemorrhagic necrosis. The intraarterial flap perfusion by Iloprost was able to diminish the effects of the secondary ischemia. In some cases shortly after the perfusion and always on the next day, positive oxygen pressures were measurable. 80% of the flaps survived.
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PMID:[Increasing the survival rate of endangered free microvascular tissue transplants using a prostacyclin derivative]. 750 59

The no-reflow phenomenon is a dreaded complication in free tissue transplantations. After a critical period of warm ischemia, insufficient reflow is observed after vessel anastomosis and opening of the artery. In an experimental study in 72 rats, groin flaps were harvested with the nutrient superficial epigastric vessels and transplanted to the neck using a microvascular technique with anastomoses to the carotid artery and jugular vein. Before transplantation, the isolated flaps were perfused either with saline solution, with Iloprost, with and without heparin, or the nutrient vessels were simply flushed with heparin solution. After saline perfusion, there was no venous reflow, after pure Iloprost perfusion, there was venous return in 26% of the flaps, after Heparin-Iloprost perfusion in 88% and after flushing with heparin alone in 93%. The addition of heparin to Iloprost seems to improve the reflow rate. The most effective protection against a no-reflow phenomenon, however, is flushing the nutrient vessels with a heparin solution.
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PMID:[Experimental studies of the no-reflow phenomenon with prostacyclin]. 750 60

Iloprost is a synthetic stable analogue of prostacyclin (PGI2), which shares its antiaggregating and vasodilating properties. Iloprost has been administered by i.v. route to patients with critical limb ischaemia (CLI) of different origin (maximal dosage: 2 ng/kg/min 6 hours/day infusion for 14-28 days). In patients with claudicatio intermittens (Fontaine stage II) iloprost improved the time to claudication and the maximal walking distance on treadmill, with an effect still lasting 60 days after suspension. This benefit was not related to a significant improvement in blood flow. Five multicentric, perspective, randomized versus placebo studies in patients with more severe CLI (Fontaine stage III-IV) susceptible to surgical treatment, showed that iloprost was able to reduce pain and ulcer dimensions. Furthermore, tha amputation rate of the ischemic limb was significantly lower in patients treated with iloprost during a 6 month follow-up (p < 0.01). Iloprost was also more effective than aspirin in causing pain relief and ulcer healing in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans and more effective than nifedipine in reducing frequency, intensity and duration of ischemic episodes in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Minor side effects of iloprost administration are represented by facial flushing, tachycardia, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhoea, whose frequency ranges from 16% to 70%; major collateral effects, occurring in less than 5% of patients, are above all represented by severe hypotension and angina pectoris. Clinical data indicate therefore that iloprost treatment can allow to improve the clinical conditions and the prognosis in patients with critical ischemia of the limbs, not candidate to surgical revascularization, by causing a relief of pain, a reduction in ulcer dimensions and deferring amputation.
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PMID:[The role of iloprost in the treatment of critical ischemia of the limbs]. 750 14

In this experimental study we studied the effect of verapamil and iloprost on endothelin release in ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury of the rat intestine. Endothelin levels in the portal blood and malondialdehyde (MDA), PGE2, and LTC4 levels in the intestinal tissue were determined. The MDA levels increased in the control group and this increase was reversed with iloprost, verapamil and both. The change in the LTC4 levels was insignificant between the groups. Iloprost reduced PGE2 and endothelin release, but verapamil was not as effective and no synergistic effect was encountered. The increased PGE2/LTC4 ratio was also reversed in the experimental groups, verapamil being less effective. Endothelin release seems to be related to both PGE2 levels and the PGE2/LTC4 ratio after mesenteric IR injury.
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PMID:Effect of verapamil and iloprost (ZK 36374) on endothelin release after mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury. 751 92


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