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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Following superior mesenteric artery occlusion and revascularization in dogs all animals died in a circulatory collapse state. However, pretreatment by aminoguanidine, the strong and specific inhibitor of diamine oxidase, accelerated the circulatory break-down significantly and increased the venous plasma histamine concentrattions up to levels which also in normal dogs are effective in the circulatory system. Furthermore, the haematocrit increased significantly more in the aminoguanidine-treated animals than in the dogs treated by saline. No changes in plasma diamine oxidase activity were observed in saline-treated animals during intestinal ischemia and following revascularization. In aminoguanidine-treated animals no enzymic activity could be measured. The results were interpreted by a protective role of intestinal diamine oxidase in intestinal ischemia. Enhancement of the enzymic activity in patients, for instance by heparin, may be helpful in mesenteric infarction disease.
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PMID:Diamine oxidase activity and histamine release in dogs following acute mesenteric artery occlusion. 6 85

71 patients undergo myocardial revascularisation for Prinzmetal's angina; among them, 50 p. cent are operated upon in emergency according to three ways of anaesthesia: neuroleptanalgesia, analgesic anaesthesia, combined anaesthesia. The authors lay stress on the importance of per- and post-operative complications: electrocardiographic ischemia in 22 p. cent of the cases, severe ventricular excitability perturbations were observed in 21 p. cent, myocardial necrosis in 14 p. cent, cardiovascular collapse in 21 p. cent and hypertensions in 22 p cent. These complications are often associated. In the discussion, the authors underline anesthetic induction as a cause of Prinzmetal's angina in 50 p. cent of the cases. They put the accent on the severity of peroperative crisis followed in 50 p. cent of the cases by serious ventricular excitability perturbations. In 25 p. cent of the cases myocardial necrosis is a complication of the spasm of a coronary artery. In this field, posterior necrosis are more frequent and correspond to the spasm of the right coronary artery. All the patients of this series, except one, develop necrosis in the spastic area (by-passed or not). Per-operative hypertension has no incidence on the occurrence of post-operative complications. Lastly, continuous per-operative infusions of nitroglycerine has been performed in several patients in order to reduce morbidity of this type of surgery.
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PMID:[Prinzmetal's angina during myocardial revascularisation. Cardiovascular complications in 71 patients (author's transl)]. 31 82

Morphometrical relations of human placental villi from 14 normal placentas of the 38th to 42nd week of pregnancy terminated by Cesarean section were examined in relation to the method of fixation. Villous tissue was obtained from central areas of the in situ placenta with intact maternal circulation by means of puncture aspiration and punch biopsy. Further punch biopsies were performed 2, 5, 10 and 20 min after manual removal of the placenta. Semithin sections of these villi were photographed and examined morphometrically. The findings demonstrate clear effects on quantitative data as a result of the period of ischemia between manual removal and fixation of tissue. Significant changes of several parameters (mean trophoblastic volume, size of epithelial plates, volume of connective tissue, volume of fetal vessel lumina, etc.) occur as early as 2 min after separation of the placenta from the maternal circulation. They are mostly related to a collapse of intravillous vessels. The villous branches may be classified according to structure and morphometry, if they have been obtained under optimal conditions of fixation and prior to any vascular collapse.
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PMID:[Problems of distinction of normal, artificial, and pathological structures in mature human placental villi. II. Morphometrical studies on the influence of the mode of fixation (author's transl)]. 36 90

Forty rabbits were submitted to orthostatic collapse, divided into 9 groups and sacrificed 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, 4, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days following collapse. Ten animals were used as controls. The testis and epididymis were submitted to microscopic examination. The most striking change was necrosis of seminiferous cells which was most severe in the 24-hour group. The most susceptible cell to necrosis was the primary spermatocyte whilst spermatogonia, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells were not damaged. Other frequent changes included hypertrophic spermatocytes, hypertrophic early spermatids, nonelongated late spermatids, nonelongated multinucleated late spermatids, multinucleated and binucleated early spermatids. A quantitative study done by counting tubular cross-sections with presence of the changes described showed a significant increase of frequency in the rabbits submitted to orthostatic collapse. The histological changes can be related primarily to the circulatory disturbance leading to oligaemia and consequently to anoxia and are strikingly similar to those following experimental ischemia of testis.
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PMID:Effects on rabbit spermatogenesis following orthostatic collapse. Light microscope qualitative and quantitative studies. 73 82

The present mortality rate of more than 80% for patients with superior mesenteric arterial thrombosis or embolism will remain unacceptable until earlier diagnosis is achieved. Although leukocytosis is often an early feature and may seem elevated out of proportion to the severity of the illness, the later developments of abdominal rigidity, intestinal paralysis, and vascular collapse indicate transmural gangrene and peritonitis. At this stage, the eventual high mortality of acute ischemia is established whatever the urgency of the operation or the skill with which it is performed. The syndrome must be suspected immediately when a patient in an older age group complains of sudden abdominal pain in the presence of associated cardiac arrhythmia, valvular disease or congestive heart failure, particularly if other sites of peripheral embolization are identified.
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PMID:Acute intestinal ischemia. 73 76

Electron and light microscopic studies were performed on rabbit brain to re-examine the structural changes of endothelial cells and perivascular glia following ischemia. Although swelling of perivascular glia occurred, earlier findings of extreme perivascular glial swelling and bleb formation leading to luminal collapse and plugging could not be confirmed. Ischemic brains, however, had a higher proportion of small-diameter capillaries than controls. It is felt that structural changes in ischemic capillary walls in themselves are not sufficient to explain failed cerebral reperfusion, or the no-reflow phenomenon.
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PMID:Reassessment of cerebral capillary changes in acute global ischemia and their relationship to the "no-reflow phenomenon". 83 56

Three patients with clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction are described, whose cardiograms are characterized by a transitory positivation of the negative T-waves. The confrontation of those changes with the clinical picture reveals that the transitory positivation of the T-wave coincides with the clinical and paraclinical signs of intensification of the myocardial hypoxia (pain, collapse, enzyme positivation). The possible electrophysiological mechanisms are discussed that could explain the transitory positivation of the negative T-waves, as a manifestation of the intensified ischemia.
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PMID:[Atypical hypoxic changes in the T wave]. 89 10

Cardiac herniation is a rare, highly lethal complication of intrapericardial pneumonectomy, demanding urgent treatment. The condition presents in the immediate or early postoperative period. Cardiovascular collapse is invariably present. Elevation of the jugular venous pressure and cyanosis in the drainage area of the superior vena cava are frequently noted. ECG may demonstrate the abnormal position and some ischemia of the heart. The effects of cardiac herniation are due to a combination of cardiac malposition, with subsequent torsion of the great vessels, obstruction to the outflow of blood from the heart and strangulation of the prolapsed ventricles by the borders of the pericardial defect. The diagnosis rests on an awareness of this condition, its clinical manifestations and radiological examination. Urgent reduction of the herniated heart gives the only possibility of survival. Prevention of possible recurrence must be considered.
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PMID:Cardiac herniation following intrapericardial pneumonectomy. 89 61

The rupture of an aneurysm of the sub-renal aorta may give rise to several clinical presentations which it is essential to recognise in order to carry out emergency operation, e.g. attack of pain, retroperitoneal hematoma, hemoperitoneum, rupture into a hollow viscus, infective aneurysm. The special characteristics of the treatment concern resuscitation, site and type of aortic clamping, aorto-caval or aorto-digestive rupture or an infective aneurysm raising special problems. It is the vascular collapse which makes the rupture serious, an aneurysm operated as an emergency without collapse, has a mortality which differs little from a non-ruptured aneurysm, e.g. 3 deaths out of 55 operated cases. On the other hand, out of 44 aneurysms operated in acute collapse, there were 31 deaths. The complications observed are linked to the latter, e.g. cerebro-vascular accidents, acute coronary ischemia, acute ishemia of the limbs, which may also be due to embolism during operation, renal complications due to renal shock. The prevention of these complications has permitted us to reduce mortality by 40 p. 100 the last 5 years.
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PMID:[Ruptured aneurysms of the sub-renal abdominal aorta]. 108 6

Spontaneously occurring surface wrinkling retinopathy occurreed in 17 eyes of 16 patients and was not related to pervious surgery, retinal vascular disease, or obvious ocular inflammation. Visual symptoms were not severe and follow-up suggests that the usual course of surface wrinkling is usually benign. However, 2 eyes progressed to 20/300, so that there is a chance of considerable visual deterioration in some cases. The vitreous may or may not be detached. The ophthalmoscopic features of a wrinkled shagreen, tortuous vessels pulled toward a nidus, and intraretinal hemorrhages were seen. The leakage of fluorescein into the retina is emphasized in this series and may be fairly marked. The possible causes and mechanism of wrinkling are discussed with emphasis on mild chronic ischemia and posterior vitreous collapse.
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PMID:Spontaneous surface wrinkling retinopathy. 113 79


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