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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess right colic artery blood flow and relevance of xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase after experimentally induced strangulation obstruction and reperfusion of the colon, 5 ponies were subjected to 2.5 hours of complete ischemia of the left dorsal and ventral colons, allowed to recover from surgery, and monitored during a 48-hour reperfusion period. Five ponies were subjected to sham surgery and served as controls. All ponies had a Doppler ultrasound blood flow monitor implanted on the right colic artery near the pelvic flexure 10 to 14 days prior to the ischemic period. Colic artery blood flow was monitored prior to, during, and for 4 hours after surgery. Blood samples from the right colic artery and vein distal to the obstruction site were collected during surgery (prior to ischemia, after 1 and 2 hours of ischemia, and after 10 and 60 minutes of reperfusion) for determination of arterial and venous blood gas tensions and electrolytes. Prior to surgery, blood selenium and plasma vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) concentrations and blood glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were determined to assess the status of endogenous antioxidants. Combined xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) plus xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, and XO activity alone (nanomoles per minute per gram of tissue) were determined, using a dual-spectrophotometric technique. Xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase activities were determined prior to ischemia, after 1 and 2 hours of ischemia, and at 1 and 48 hours after reperfusion. Median blood flow in the experimental and control groups (156 ml/min and 110 ml/min, respectively) was not statistically different before surgery, and was significantly (P < 0.02) lower in the experimental (4 ml/min) vs the control group (72.5 ml/min) during the ischemic period. Experimental ponies had significantly (P < 0.03) lower right colic artery blood flow during the 4 hours immediately after recovery from anesthesia. Significant difference was not observed in right colonic venous bicarbonate concentration between groups at any time. Median right colonic venous PCO2, pH, and standard base excess were different (P < 0.001) between groups during the ischemic period only. Median venous oxygen saturation and median venous PO2 were significantly (P < 0.001) lower in the experimental ponies at the end of 2 hours of ischemia, but were significantly (P < 0.05) increased during the reperfusion phase. Median venous potassium concentration was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in experimental ponies during the ischemic and reperfusion phases. Vitamin E and GPX values were within normal limits for all ponies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Measurements of blood flow and xanthine oxidase activity during postischemic reperfusion of the large colon of ponies. 797 59

Hematologic and rheologic variables were examined in a group of 13 horses with intestinal colic and a control group of 6 horses. All horses had been recently transported to the veterinary teaching hospital, and blood samples were obtained during initial examination. There were no significant differences in blood neutrophil count or plasma fibrinogen concentration between the groups, and PCV was significantly increased in horses with intestinal colic. Cell filterability was measured by passing uniform concentrations of blood, erythrocytes, and neutrophils through micropore filters. There were no significant differences between the control and intestinal colic groups in filterability of erythrocytes. Significant (P < 0.05) prolongation in filterability of blood and neutrophils was observed in the group of horses with intestinal colic, compared with the control group. This neutrophil change, indicative of decreased neutrophil deformability, corresponded with severity of the illness. Horses that failed to survive the intestinal colic episode had significantly (P < 0.05) prolonged blood and neutrophil filterability, compared with horses that survived intestinal colic. These findings indicate that deformability of neutrophils decreases in horses with intestinal colic, possibly a result of endotoxin-induced activation. This change can further impede microvascular blood flow that is altered in association with intestinal ischemia.
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PMID:Blood cell deformability in horses with intestinal colic. 819 52

Eight tests of hemostasis were measured in 233 horses with colic. Blood samples were obtained at admission and for 4 consecutive days of hospitalization. Data were analyzed retrospectively by outcome, by broad-category diagnosis group, by small intestinal disorder, and by smaller categories for comparing specific diseases. Nonsurviving horses and horses with the most severe forms of intestinal ischemia had changes interpreted as hypercoagulative, the intensity of which was increased on the first and second mornings (sample times 2 and 3) after admission, when most significant differences for results of specific tests were detected. Nonsurvivors had decreased antithrombin III activity and prolonged prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times; those with strangulating obstructions also had decreased protein C and plasminogen activities. During hospitalization and with survival, these changes tended to reverse. In most horses, regardless of diagnosis or outcome, concentration of fibrin degradation products and fibrinogen, and alpha 2-antiplasmin activity increased over time. Whether these changes reflected specific effects of colic or of the acute-phase response was not determined. In comparisons of small intestinal disorders (proximal enteritis, strangulations, and impactions), diagnostically distinguishing features were not found. Likewise, in comparisons of specific diseases (small vs large intestinal impaction, proximal enteritis vs colitis, small vs large intestinal obstruction), diagnostically distinguishing features were not found.
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PMID:Analysis of hemostasis in horses with colic. 840 38

Our previous studies show that intestinal ischemia impairs cardiac function. This present study examined the contribution of oxygen-derived free radicals to cardiac dysfunction after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in a rat model of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion (atraumatic clip for 20 min) and ligation of collateral arcades from the right colic and jejunal arteries. Controls were sham operated (Group 1, n = 10); in Group 2, 20 rats with SMA occlusion were sacrificed 2-5 hr after reperfusion without treatment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, scavengers of oxygen-derived free radicals which have been shown to effectively reduce ischemic injury in several models of traumatic injury, were given as 6000 units/350 g body wt either 1 min after SMA occlusion (Group 3, n = 11) or 2 min after reperfusion (Group 4, n = 10). To examine the contribution of neutrophils as a source of free radicals, additional groups of animals were treated with pentoxifylline (PTX, a methylxanthine derivative which has been shown to decrease neutrophil adherence and aggregation as well as to decrease superoxide production) either 1 min after SMA occlusion (Group 5, n = 10) or 2 min after reperfusion (Group 6, n = 10). Cardiac contractile depression occurred in the untreated ischemic group as indicated by a fall in left ventricular pressure (from 77 +/- 3 to 63 +/- 4 mm Hg, P < 0.01) and +dP/dt max (from 1827 +/- 60 to 1558 +/- 98 mm Hg/sec, P < 0.03) and -dP/dt max (from 1267 +/- 57 to 953 +/- 68 mm Hg/sec, P < 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Free radical scavengers prevent intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-mediated cardiac dysfunction. 841 11

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pentoxifylline (Ptx) in reperfusion injury of the small bowel as a leukocyte stabilizer, free radical scavenger, and microcirculatory regulator. Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to determine the biochemical, histopathologic and blood flow changes of the reperfused small intestines after 30 minutes of a warm ischemic insult. Animals were divided into six groups: Sham (S), sham plus Ptx (SP), ischemia (I), ischemia plus Ptx (IP), reperfusion (R), and reperfusion plus Ptx (RP). Pentoxifylline was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg 15 minutes before ischemia. The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was occluded distal to the right colic artery and collateral arcades were ligated as described by Megison. Sixty of the 96 rats (n = 10) were used to determine histopathologic changes, malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in tissue. Mucosal lesions were graded on a scale from 0 to 5 as described by Chiu. MDA and MPO levels of the intestinal mucosa were assayed to reflect the free radical formation and neutrophil sequestration, respectively. Thirty-six rats (n = 6) were used to measure blood flow changes of the intestine using 133Xe clearance technique. All data were presented as the mean values plus or minus the standard error of the means (means +/- sem). Although in the R group, mucosal injury score, blood flow, MPO, and MDA levels were higher significantly from the other groups (P < .05), in the RP group blood flow, MPO, and MDA levels were significantly decreased to the basal values (P < .05). Mucosal injury score of the RP group were lower than the reperfusion group but higher than the normal (P < .05). The authors conclude that pentoxifylline pretreatment before reperfusion stabilizes blood flow, decreases MPO and MDA levels to the normal, and attenuates but not completely prevents mucosal damage.
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PMID:Pentoxifylline inhibits overflow and reduces intestinal reperfusion injury. 920 98

A 51-year-old male patient admitted to the hospital because of colic-like abdominal pain, paralytic ileus, anal bleeding and microhaematuria with proteinuria, developed an intestinal ischemia with a serum lactate level of 6.3 mmol/l. An occlusion of the large vessels was excluded angiographically. Perfusion disorders were detected both endoscopically and histologically in the upper gastrointestinal tract and in the terminal ileum. When after two days a palpable purpura appeared on the anterior of both feet, a vasculitis type Schoenlein-Henoch was suspected and treated with high doses of steroids, resulting in decreasing symptoms. From the point of admittance, a nephritic urinary sediment had been apparent, and the renal affliction developed into a nephrotic syndrome without notable reduction in the glomerular filtration rate. On the 13th day of treatment the patient-being on a reduced dose of steroids-suffered from a severe relapse; however, this responded favorably to an increase of the dosage. The kidneys required approximately one year for complete recovery. Based on this case, the Schoenlein-Henoch purpura syndrome and its differential diagnosis are presented, particularly with respect to gastrointestinal symptoms and in view of the pertinent literature.
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PMID:[Schoenlein-Henoch purpura with intestinal involvement]. 949 May 51

Since 1991 laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been performed on 323 patients; 47 patients underwent conversion to open surgery. In the same period, 46 patients were primarily selected for open cholecystectomy. Half the patients were operated on because of gallbladder colic (the sole symptom). Conversion to open operation (14%) occurred not so much because of peroperative complications, but rather because of anatomical problems. On the fourth postoperative day, one patient died of septicaemia caused by iatrogenic diathermy damage to the duodenum. One patient developed a stricture of the choledochus as a result of ischemia. This was caused by dissecting the choledochus, having mistaken it for the ductus cysticus which was missing in this anatomic variant.
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PMID:[Cholecystectomy in the laparoscopic era]. 954

Jejunostomy is a surgical procedure by which a tube is situated in the lumen of the proximal jejunum, primarily to administer nutrition. There are many techniques used for jejunostomy: longitudinal Witzel, transverse Witzel, open gastrojejunostomy, needle catheter technique, percutaneous endoscopy, and laparoscopy. The principal indication for a jejunostomy is as an additional procedure during major surgery of the upper digestive tract, where irrespective of the pathology or surgical procedures of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, liver, and biliary tracts, nutrition can be infused at the level of the jejunum. It is also used in laparotomy patients in whom a complicated postoperatory recovery is expected, those with a prolonged fasting period, those in a hypercatabolic state, or those who will subsequently need chemotherapy or radiotherapy. As a sole procedure it is advised for neurologic and congenital illnesses, in geriatric patients who pose difficult care demands, and for patients with tumors of the head and neck. The complications seen with jejunostomy can be mechanical, infectious, gastrointestinal, or metabolic. The rate of technical complications of the Witzel longitudinal technique is 2.1%, for the transverse Witzel up to 6.6%, for the Roux-en-Y 21%, for open gastrojejunostomy from 2%, and for the needle catheter technique from 1.5% with 0.14% mortality. The percutaneous endoscopic procedures have as much as a 12% complication rate; no figures exist for laparoscopy. The complications are moderate and severe: tube dislocation, obstruction or migration of the tube, cutaneous or intraabdominal abscesses, enterocutaneous fistulas, pneumatosis, occlusion, and intestinal ischemia. The infectious complications are aspiration pneumonia and contamination of the diet. The gastrointestinal complications are diarrhea 2.3% to 6.8%, abdominal distension, colic, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. The metabolic complications are hyperglycemia 29%, hypokalemia 50%, water and electrolyte imbalance, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia. These complications are secondary to inadequate selection of nutrition relative to the characteristics of the patient, to inadequate management of the mixture, and to deficient clinical care. The ideal jejunostomy technique depends on the material resources but more importantly on the experience of the surgeon. The benefits of jejunostomy justify the risks.
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PMID:Jejunostomy: techniques, indications, and complications. 1022 30

The Authors report in an elderly patient a ceco-colic intussusception caused by carcinoma of the cecum, and evaluate etiology and pathogenesis, the most frequently affected anatomical sites, and the various clinical manifestations of the disease. Regarding the latter, the Authors emphasize chronicity of the suboccf1p4ve status in the adult patient vs. the clinical picture of intussusception in the paediatric one. Hemicolectomy represents the most common therapeutic approach, especially when intussusception is irreducible or with the evidence of severe colonic ischemia.
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PMID:[Cecum-colon invagination due to cecal adenocarcinoma. Apropos of two cases]. 1055 8

Mesenteric ischemia is a life threatening event instead of colic ischemia which recovers in 90% of cases. Three points will be investigated: chronic mesenteric ischemia; acute mesenteric ischemia; colic ischemia.
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PMID:[Diagnostic strategies for ischemic enteropathies]. 1106 87


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