Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Basilar migraine has been studied by Bickerstaff who considers that there is a vasoconstriction in the basilar territory resulting in transient ischemia with the corresponding neurological symptoms including vertigo, and followed by the vasodilatation causing the headache. Three cases, treated in neurology, have had an audiovestibular investigation with an E.N.G. and an audiogram and are described herein. Nystagmus and hearing loss have been observed in one of these cases and it is suggested that the internal auditory artery participates in the basilar migrainous processes. The diagnosis of basilar migraine is impossible to prove and the investigation is very limited. Finally it is the evolution of the patient which helps in establishing the diagnosis of basilar migraine.
 ...
PMID:[Basilar migraine]. 61 47

Occipital lobe atrophy can be identified on CT. In a review of 90 selected cases with brain ischemia symptoms, 45 cases were found to have hindbrain ischemia with symptoms of vertigo and/or 'blurred vision.' Ten cases (22%) had normal CT studies and 35 cases (78%) had abnormal CT studies. The CT brain scan of the cerebellum and occipital lobes has a place in determining whether a patient with clinical hindbrain ischemia is a candidate for angiography and vertebral artery bypass surgery.
 ...
PMID:The evaluation of occipital lobe atrophy by computerized tomography before consideration of vertebral artery reconstructive surgery. 74 Jan 50

We present two patients with clinical features of infarction in the distribution of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) who had vertigo as an isolated symptom for several months prior to infarction. Both had risk factors for cerebrovascular disease and other episodes of transient neurologic symptoms not associated with vertigo. At the time of infarction they developed vertigo, unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, facial numbness, and hemiataxia. MRI identified hyperintense lesions in the lateral pons and middle cerebellar peduncle on T2-weighted images. Audiometry and electronystagmography documented absent auditory and vestibular function on the affected side. Since the blood supply to the inner ear and the vestibulocochlear nerve arises from AICA, a combination of peripheral and central symptoms and signs is characteristic of the AICA infarction syndrome. The vertigo that preceded infarction may have resulted from transient ischemia to the inner ear or the vestibular nerve.
 ...
PMID:Vertigo and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome. 146 78

Flunarizine, a class IV Ca++ antagonist non-selective for slow Ca++ channels, has been shown to be beneficial in the prophylactic treatment of migraine, the treatment of vertigo, and as add-on treatment in therapy-resistant forms of epilepsy. Flunarizine protects the brain against functional and/or structural neuronal damage in various animal models of cerebral ischemia. In addition to its cerebrovascular effect, flunarizine has also direct neuroprotective actions. New data have emerged on flunarizine with regard to Ca++ and Na+ channels in neuronal cells. There are several possible mechanisms involved in the mode of action of flunarizine. Flunarizine may block Ca++ and Na+ channels, both of which may flux Ca++ as well as Na+. A decrease in Ca++ influx may prevent further release of glutamate, and activation of NMDA receptor gated Ca++ channels at physiological pH. A decrease in Na+ influx may prevent cytotoxicity secondary to a large gain in intracellular Ca++, by reverse operation of the Na+/Ca++ exchanger. This mechanism may be important when the glycolytic rate is increased with concomitant acidosis, and phospholipids are broken down as occurs typically during ischemia. Given the complexity of biochemical events leading to cell death, blocking exclusively one channel subtype is not likely to yield sufficient protection. Hence, it may be useful to develop anti-ischemic compounds which act on a series of pathways involved in Ca++ overload, rather than selectively block one such channel.
 ...
PMID:Ca++ and Na+ channels involved in neuronal cell death. Protection by flunarizine. 185 Aug 15

The records of 483 patients admitted to the emergency room because of syncope were reviewed. Thirty seven patients (7.7%) were found to suffer from transient ischemic attack- (TIA) related syncope. This group is the subject of this report. Of these patients, 28 (76%) were men (mean age 71 years). Seven patients reported previous syncopal episodes. Past history revealed a high rate of ischemic heart disease (70%) and hypertension (68%). Concurrent neurologic symptoms, which led to the diagnosis of TIA-related syncope, included mainly vertebrobasilar symptoms: vertigo (in 55% of the patients), ataxia (46%), parasthesia (41%). Two patients most probably were presenting bilateral carotid artery disease. Various diagnostic tests (including electroencephalography, computed tomography, sonography, and cerebral angiography) were used to exclude other causes of syncope. During follow-up (mean 14.5 months) four patients (11%) had an additional episode of TIA and in three of them syncope reappeared. One patient had a complete stroke. We conclude that TIA is a much more frequent explanation for syncope than has been previously argued. These patients tend to be elderly males with high incidence of ischemic heart disease and hypertension. The concurrent neurologic symptoms, leading to the diagnosis, represent mainly vertebrobasilar territory ischemia.
 ...
PMID:Transient ischemic attack-related syncope. 204 43

In order to assess the efficacy of trimetazidine in the treatment of ischemia-related cochleovestibular disorders, we carried out a double-blind placebo-controlled study with crossover. Each treatment period spanned 2 months, during which the patients were given either trimetazidine (20 mg tid) or placebo, following a two-week washout period. Enrolled in the study were 45 patients (aged 32 to 69 years) presenting cochleovestibular symptoms (tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss). Tinnitus occurred in 99.7% of cases, deafness in 88.8%, and vertigo in 68.8% of cases. Pure-tone and speech audiometric data were not modified. Improvement was felt primarily with respect to subjective symptoms. The intensity of vertigo events and the duration of the spells improved much more substantially by trimetazidine and placebo, although the limited number of patients studied did not allow to reach the threshold of significance. The activity of trimetazidine was particularly apparent in relation to tinnitus. The intensity of the latter symptom as well as the degree of discomfort occasioned by it diminished more significantly with trimetazidine than placebo following a 2-month treatment period (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.02, respectively). These results underscore the therapeutical efficacy of trimetazidine in the treatment of cochleovestibular syndromes, as assessed by a rigorously controlled double-blind trial with crossover versus placebo using a reliable methodology.
 ...
PMID:[The efficacy of trimetazidine in cochleovestibular disorders of ischemic origin. A crossover control versus placebo trial]. 224 Oct 7

We reported a 51-year-old male with ischemic disturbance of right inner ear resembling Meniere's disease. The patient had a sudden-onset episode of vertigo, right severe hearing disturbance, nausea, vomiting and gait disturbance. Two days after, he had hypersomnia, vertical gaze palsy, double vision, left Horner's sign, and sensory disturbance of pain and temperature of right half body involving face. Brain MRI disclosed high intensity area in T2-weighted image and proton density in bilateral paramedian thalamo-mesencephalic region and right cerebellum (area of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery). Cerebral angiography showed 90% or more stenosis of the right vertebral artery, 50% stenosis of the left vertebral artery before the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), and 60% stenosis of distal portion of the basilar artery. Furthermore, stem portion of the posterior cerebral artery, and the right anterior cerebellar artery and the left vertebral artery after the PICA were absent or occluded. Right deafness was evaluated to be Jerger type II, namely disturbance of inner ear. Caloric tests showed no response, and right auditory brainstem response showed no waves. Main cause of this vertigo and right deafness was considered to be disturbance of inner ear due to ischemia of right labyrinthine artery, though this patient was not a typical case of the anterior cerebellar artery syndrome. Ischemic disturbances of inner ear have been reported only in patients with the anterior cerebellar artery syndrome, therefore this patient who had only acute ischemic disturbance of inner ear and did not have disturbance of caudo-lateral portion of the pons was considered to be very rare.
 ...
PMID:[A case of ischemic disturbance of inner ear]. 259 43

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is an unusual form of the amnestic syndrome, clinically characterized by profound disturbance of short-term memory with preservation of immediate recall and long-term memory. Spontaneous recovery is the rule and is usually complete within several hours. The etiology of TGA is not clear. It is considered to be caused by transient ischemia confined to the medial temporal lobe, an area supplied by branches of the vertebrobasilar system. Basilar artery migraine is a well-known syndrome, first described by Bickerstaff. Besides pulsating headache, the dominant symptoms are vertigo, ataxic gait, tinnitus, dysarthria, paraeshesia in the hands, homonymous hemianopsia and sometimes drop-attacks. These symptoms are associated with vertebrobasilar system dysfunction. In this paper, three migraine patients, suffering from one episode of TGA, were reported. All patients were women. Case 1 was a 48-year-old woman with a history of common migraine. Case 2 was a 48-year-old woman with a history of classic migraine. Case 3 was a 59-year-old woman with a common migraine. Family history of migraine exists in case 1 and case 3. Their migrainous attacks began in their twenties and thirties. They suddenly suffered migraine with the symptoms of vertebrobasilar dysfunction. These symptoms are ataxic gait (Case 1, 2, 3), dysarthria (Case 1, 2), vertigo (Case 1, 3) and homonymous hemianopsia (Case 1, 3). Simultaneously three patients had TGA. Duration of retrograde amnesia were about twenty-four hours (Case 1), about thirty minutes (Case 2) and about three hours (Case 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Basilar artery migraine associated with transient global amnesia]. 262 11

We reviewed the clinical and electronystagmographic findings of 84 patients who presented to our neuro-otology clinic with vertigo of presumed cerebrovascular origin. There was a surprisingly high incidence of isolated episodes of vertigo (abrupt in onset, lasting minutes). In some patients these episodes preceded other symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency or infarction by months. Peripheral vestibular abnormalities were common on electronystagmographic testing; 42% had unilateral hypoexcitability to caloric stimulation. We conclude that the vestibular labyrinth is selectively vulnerable to ischemia within the vertebrobasilar system.
 ...
PMID:Vertigo of vascular origin. Clinical and electronystagmographic features in 84 cases. 229 87

Vestibular symptoms commonly occur in migraine, and episodic vertigo is most frequently seen. Auditory symptoms also occur, but are less common. When Bickerstaff described basilar artery migraine in 1961, he postulated that the many different symptoms were caused by basilar artery ischemia. He documented that neuro-otologic and other symptoms could occur before or during a migraine headache; others later established that these symptoms could also occur during the headache-free period. Case histories of eleven patients with basilar artery migraine are presented in detail. All met the diagnostic criteria for migraine and experienced vertigo before or during episodic headaches--sometimes with other symptoms of transient brainstem dysfunction. Cases represented both typical and unusual manifestations of migraine with vestibular symptoms: four patients were adolescents, three were more than 45 years old and had previously diagnosed migraine headaches, and four were young adults not previously known to have migraine. Many of the patients were thought to have disorders of the vestibular end organ (sometimes in addition to migraine) and three had undergone previous endolymphatic sac decompressions or perilymph fistula repairs. Diagnostic criteria are reviewed, in order that patients with basilar artery migraine can be distinguished from those with peripheral labyrinthine disease, to allow initiation of appropriate antimigraine therapy and avoidance of unnecessary medical and surgical therapy for end-organ disorders.
 ...
PMID:Episodic vertigo in basilar artery migraine. 310 6


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>