Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human temporomandibular disorders due to disturbed occlusal mechanics are characterized by sensory, motor and autonomic symptoms, possibly related to muscle overwork and fatigue. Our previous study in rats with experimentally-induced malocclusion due to unilateral molar cusp amputation showed that the ipsilateral masseter muscles undergo morphological and biochemical changes consistent with muscle hypercontraction and ischemia. In the present study, the masseter muscle spindles of the same malocclusion-bearing rats were examined by electron microscopy. Sham-operated rats were used as controls. In the treated rats, clear-cut alterations of the muscle spindles were observed 26 days after surgery, when the extrafusal muscle showed the more severe damage. The fusal alterations affected predominantly capsular cells, intrafusal muscle fibers and sensory nerve endings. These results suggest that in the malocclusion-bearing rats, an abnormal reflex regulation of the motor activity of the masticatory muscles may take place. They also allow us to hypothesize that muscle spindle alterations might be involved in the pathogenesis of human temporomandibular disorders.
 ...
PMID:Ultrastructural abnormalities of muscle spindles in the rat masseter muscle with malocclusion-induced damage. 1181 85

Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) is an increasingly widespread method of exercise that involves imposed restriction of blood flow to the exercising muscle. Blood flow restriction is achieved by inflating a pneumatic pressure cuff (or a tourniquet) positioned proximal to the exercising muscle before, and during, the bout of exercise (i.e., ischemic exercise). Low-intensity BFRT with resistance training promotes comparable increases in muscle mass and strength observed during high-intensity exercise without blood flow restriction. BFRT has expanded into the clinical research setting as a potential therapeutic approach to treat functionally impaired individuals, such as the elderly, and patients with orthopedic and cardiovascular disease/conditions. However, questions regarding the safety of BFRT must be fully examined and addressed before the implementation of this exercise methodology in the clinical setting. In this respect, there is a general concern that BFRT may generate abnormal reflex-mediated cardiovascular responses. Indeed, the muscle metaboreflex is an ischemia-induced, sympathoexcitatory pressor reflex originating in skeletal muscle, and the present review synthesizes evidence that BFRT may elicit abnormal cardiovascular responses resulting from increased metaboreflex activation. Importantly, abnormal cardiovascular responses are more clearly evidenced in populations with increased cardiovascular risk (e.g., elderly and individuals with cardiovascular disease). The evidence provided in the present review draws into question the cardiovascular safety of BFRT, which clearly needs to be further investigated in future studies. This information will be paramount for the consideration of BFRT exercise implementation in clinical populations.
 ...
PMID:Clinical safety of blood flow-restricted training? A comprehensive review of altered muscle metaboreflex in cardiovascular disease during ischemic exercise. 3170 69