Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Occlusion of the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric artery has been studied in 46 patients treated by operation. The condition was acute and was caused by embolic obstruction of the superior mesenteric artery in four cardiac patients and detachment of the inferior mesenteric artery in two patients during removal of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. The condition was chronic and involved two or all three of the vessels in 40 patient. Embolic obstruction caused severe abdominal pain but few physical signs early in the process,, but the picture of an acute abdomen indicating bowel gangrene developed in a few hours. Ischemia from inferior mesenteric detachment was observed at operation. Patients with chronic obstruction had abdominal pain, weight loss, and diarrhea. Patients with embolic obstruction were treated successfully by embolectomy, and patients developing intraoperative sigmoid ischemia were treated by reattachment of inferior mesenteric arteries to aortic graft. Various procedures were employed in patients with chronic multiple obstruction. However, graft bypass using Dacron tubing was preferable because of its simplicity and because the frequently (48%) associated occlusive disease and aneurysm of the distal aorta were treated at the same time. Confining operation to the abdomen significantly reduced the magnitude of operation and eliminated risks in this age group. Of the 46 patients, 91% survived and were relieved of their symptoms despite associated disease. The 5-year survival rate in this group of patients was 62%.
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PMID:Celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery occlusion: surgical considerations. 14 29

A case report of subacute, reversible ischemic colitis associated with use of oral contraceptives (OCs) is reported. A 19-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with chief complaints of abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding of 2 days' duration. Past medical history and family history were noncontributory. The patient was receiving no medication other than Norinyl 2 (2 mg of norethindrone and .1 mg of mestranol), which she had been taking for 6 months. 2 days before admission the patient had taken 100 mg of dimenhydrinate and 2 ExLax tablets (90 mg of phenolphthalein) for constipation. Colonic roentgenograms revealed impaired mesenteric circulation and bowel ischemia; OC-induced ischemic bowel disease was diagnosed. Patient symptoms subsided within 96 hours of discontinuing the OC and initiating supportive therapy (including intravenous fluid infusion, nasogastric suction, analgesics, and antiemetics). When a repeat barium enema was performed, it showed resolution of the ischemia. In a short review following the case report, these drugs were indicted in causation of colitis-like syndrome: amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephazolin, chloramphenicol, chlorpropamide, clindamycin, cloxacillin, cotrimoxasole, cyclophosphamide, digitalis, ergotamine tartrate, flucytosine, fluorouracil, gold salts, laxative and cathartic abuse, mercurous chloride, methyldopa, penicillin V, and tetracycline. Ischemic bowel disease secondary to OC use is a rare but important complication because of its significant morbidity and potential mortality, and because of the widespread use of the drugs. The case report emphasizes the need to consider the differential diagnosis of acute vascular insult with bowel ischemia when acute abdominal pain progressing to bloody diarrhea occurs in young women taking OCs.
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PMID:Oral contraceptive-induced ischemic bowel disease. 48 72

Infarctions of the colon and rectum (incidences approximately 1 and 0.5 per cent, respectively) are caused by compromised collateral circulation to the colon and rectum, usually as a result of arteriosclerotic disease of the superior and inferior mesenteric arterial systems, as well as the hypogastric arteries. Patients who have colorectal ischemia after operations for abdominal aortic aneurysms have diarrhea (sometimes bloody), abdominal pain, and distention. The diagnosis may be established by sigmoidoscopic examination. Treatment includes surgical removal of the compromised bowel and creation of a temporary or permanent end colostomy. Prevention of this complication is aided by preservation of primary and collateral circulation, avoidance of hypotension, and preoperative bowel preparation.
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PMID:Colorectal infarction following resection of abdominal aortic aneurysms. 73 76

Adverse effects occurred in four youths after intravenous injection of an aqueous cannabis-seed tea, which was prepared by boiling the seeds. The effects were immediate and included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, chills, fever, hypovolemic shock, hypotension, and non-oligemic transitory renal failure. Other manifestations included persistent hypoglycemia, tachycardia, gastrointestinal bleeding, conjunctival hemorrhage, injury, jaundice, splenomegaly, leucocytosis, myalgia, arthralgia, motor weakness, and prostration. Ischemia was noted on electrocardiogram (EKG). All manifestations appeared to reverse within weeks, but these effects had been potentially fatal.
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PMID:Adverse effects of intravenous cannabis tea. 87 75

Nonischemic intussusception is defined as a variant of acute intussusception exhibiting less acute symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea in the older child, longer duration of symptoms (usually 4-14 days), signs of imcomplete bowel obstruction, and absence of intestinal ischemia. Over a 10 yr period (1964-1973) 20 children with this disease were treated without mortality or recurrence at three children's hospitals in Chicago, Illinois. The higher incidence of diarrhea, the lower incidence of a palpable abdominal mass, and the lower incidence of blood per rectum in nonischemic intussusception predispose to diagnostic errors and delays in treatment. Despite the longer duration of symptoms, this variant of intussusception can be treated initially with a careful attempt at barium hydrostatic reduction. If this fails, easy operative manual reduction is the rule.
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PMID:Nonischemic intussusception. 89 56

Under the aspect of systemic diseases and their manifestation in the gut the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The skin is the mirror of the intestinal tract; not only in primary gastroenterological disorders one should look for dermatological complications, but should also think in chronic skin lesions of concomitant intestinal alterations. 2. In all patients with collagen diseases a gastrointestinal involvement is very common. 3. In all endocrine disorders except in hypothyroidism diarrhea is a very common finding. 4. Infiltrations of gastrointestinal tract can be demonstrated in many cases by gastric, small bowel or rectal biopsy. 5. In all forms of dysgammaglobulinemia giardiasis is very common. 6. In right heart failure protein-losing enteropathy should be considered, in left ventricular insufficiency bowel ischemia.
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PMID:[Manifestations of systemic diseases in the gastrointestinal tract]. 96 97

With few exceptions, the incidence of left colon ischemia following abdominal aortic reconstruction has been reported to be one to 2 percent. All reports of such ischemic events are retrospective analyses of clinically manifest or autopsy. Fifty patients were studied prospectively to determine more accurately the incidence of this complication. Aortic reconstruction was performed in 23 patients for occlusive disease (OD) and in 27 for aneurysm disease (AD). No emergency operations were performed. All patients underwent colonoscopy within 4 days of operation. Three instances of colon ischemia were noted, an incidence of 6 percent (OD 4.3 percent, AD 7.4 percent). Each patient recovered uneventfully. Two patients had diarrhea, but only after colon ischemia was recognized. Arteriographic opacification of the inferior mesenteric artery by the superior mesenteric artery collateral (meandering mesenteric artery) was documented in 35 percent of patients with OD and in 27 percent of patients with AD. Colon ischemia did not develop when this collateral was identified. The inferior mesenteric artery was patent at the aorta in all who developed colon ischema. Although clinically significant colitis following aortic reconstruction is rare, colonoscopy after operation may prove to be valuable for early recognition of ischemic changes before clinical manifestations preclude effective management.
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PMID:Ischemic colitis incidence following abdominal aortic reconstruction: a prospective study. 96 29

The clinical presentation of 17 patients with mesenteric vascular disease admitted to Mount Sinai Medical Center was reviewed. The signs and symptoms were similar in most cases. However, the acute onset of the symptom triad of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools in an elderly patient should make one suspect the possibility of mesenteric vascular disease. The gross and light microscopic appearance of the intestinal tract was characterized by hemorrhagic infarcts regardless of the cause of the bowel ischemia. Mortality from this disease remains high, with only four of our 17 patients alive four months after operation.
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PMID:The clinical presentation of mesenteric vascular disease. 107 14

A patient with primary amyloidosis and the nephrotic syndrome had diarrhea and gastrointestinal bleeding probably due to intestinal ischemia. He died with extensive intestinal infarction. The infarction was most likely caused by decreased splanchnic perfusion secondary to the chronic hypotension of the nephrotic syndrome and to amyloid deposition within the walls of the small blood vessels supplying the gut. Although amyloidosis was suspected prior to death, a fixation artifact probably prevented the correct antemortem biopsy diagnosis.
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PMID:Persistent hypotension and intestinal infarction in a patient with primary amyloidosis. 113 38

We analyzed our surgical experience in 20 patients who underwent revascularization procedures for symptomatic chronic intestinal ischemia caused by atherosclerosis. The group comprised 17 women and 3 men, with an age range of 25 to 71 years (mean 58.6 years). Sixteen patients had postprandial abdominal pain, and 4 had pain not related to eating. The average weight loss was 23.8 lb. Malabsorption and diarrhea were present in 8 patients. The duration of the symptoms was from 4 to 46 months (mean 13.4 months). One patient presented with acute intestinal ischemia following balloon angioplasty reocclusion of a stenotic celiac artery, and 3 underwent surgery for stenosis of a previously placed graft. Five patients had single mesenteric artery involvement, 10 had double-artery involvement, and 5 had significant occlusion in all 3 mesenteric arteries. The major arteries were revascularized whenever technically possible; therefore, 36 arteries were revascularized in 20 patients. Bypass grafts were done in 27 vessels, reimplantation in 7, and endarterectomy with patch angioplasty in 2. The saphenous vein was used in 12 vessels, polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in 8, dacron in 6, and inferior mesenteric vein in 1. The type of revascularization or graft utilized did not affect long-term patency. Two patients had early graft thrombosis and required intestinal resection. All patients survived the operation. At a mean follow-up of 36 months, all 20 patients were alive and asymptomatic with regard to their abdominal complaint. Ten patients (50%) underwent postoperative abdominal angiography; all the grafts were patent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Long-term results of the surgical management of symptomatic chronic intestinal ischemia. 128 11


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