Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transcatheter therapeutic arterial embolization was employed in 11 patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage and 8 patients with bleeding from other sites. Hemorrhage was stopped successfully in all of the patients with gastrointestinal bleeding and 6 of the 7 patients with active bleeding from other sites. There were no significant complications or sequelae, although ischemia msy cause problems in such patients. Embolization is of considerable value when pharmacological therapy fails or is not appropriate due to the site of bleeding. In some cases it may represent the definitive treatment, as in pelvic trauma or renal hemorrhage; in others, embolization may serve to halt bleeding long enough to permit surgery. Therapeutic embolization should be considered whenever active extravasation of contrast material is demonstrated.
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PMID:Transcatheter therapeutic arterial embolization. 108 9

Three cases of bile duct necrosis owing to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAI) were reported. Regarding HAI, transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (TAE) was applied in two cases (hepatocellular carcinoma: 1; metastasis: 1) and 5-fluorouracil (continuous) combined with leucovorin (one shot) therapy (LV + 5-FU) was given to one metastatic case. In the data of blood biochemistry, serum alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and leucine aminopeptidase values characteristically elevated without the elevation of total bilirubin value. Hepatic tumors degenerated with necrosis in all cases and no viable cells were histologically recognized. Although the destruction of bile ducts was locally detected adjacent to these tumors in TAE cases and was more widespread in the LV + 5-FU case, these lesions were very similar in each case. Therefore, we concluded that both ischemia and drug toxicity induced bile duct necrosis and the necrosis around the bile duct was the secondary change due to the leaked bile juice.
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PMID:[Bile duct necrosis and hepatic necrosis following hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy]. 165 26

Hepatic energy metabolism and oxidative attack were studied after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and chemoembolization (TAC) of the left and median lobes of the liver using thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cirrhotic rats. TAE was carried out using gelatin sponge (1.5 mg/cm3) dissolved in saline solution (SS). TAC was performed by adding mitomycin C (MMC) (1.6 mg/kg body weight) to the previous embolic solution. The energy charge (EC) of embolized lobes decreased from 0.86 to 0.78 and 0.74 1 h after TAE and TAC, respectively, but was restored 3 h later. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and total adenine nucleotide content (TAN) of embolized and non-embolized lobes was also temporarily decreased. Total hepatic blood flow (THBF) of embolized and chemoembolized lobes was reduced in almost 50%, and it took 1 week to become normalized. After TAC (3 and 6 h, respectively), total glutathione (TGSH) content was reduced from 7.02 mumol/g of liver to around 4.5 mumol/g, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased from 196.94 nmol/g of liver to values above 300 nmol/g. TAE in cirrhotic livers did not induce any changes in these parameters. In conclusion, after TAE and TAC the hepatic energy metabolism is temporarily altered by ischemia. TAC-induced oxidative attack, in addition to ischemia and MMC, could be one of the mechanisms explaining the effectiveness of this therapy.
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PMID:Energy metabolism changes and oxidative attack after hepatic arterial embolization and chemoembolization in thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic livers. 190 20

Thromboembolic events in the pediatric age group occur most commonly in neonates, and newborns of diabetic mothers are particularly at risk. We report a newborn with right renal vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis who apparently embolized across the foramen ovale antenatally with resultant right brachial artery occlusion. The baby was delivered by cesarean section from an insulin-dependent diabetic mother. At the time of birth, there was severe right arm ischemia with absent brachial and radial pulses. There was clinical evidence of distal embolization with a "trash" lesion of the distal right middle finger as well as a midforearm area of full-thickness skin loss. Ultrasound demonstrated a right renal vein thrombosis and a 95% occlusion of the inferior vena cava. Regional urokinase therapy was instituted through a lower extremity vein with a 5,000 U/kg bolus and then 5,000 U/kg/h continuous infusion. Twelve hours of infusion of urokinase led to clinical resolution of the right arm ischemia, with return of pulses. Follow-up ultrasound showed the right renal vein thrombosis and inferior vena cava clot to be completely resolved. The right middle finger and forearm lesions subsequently have healed primarily. We report this as a case of in utero arterial embolization with successful postnatal therapy using regional urokinase infusion.
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PMID:In utero arterial embolism from renal vein thrombosis with successful postnatal thrombolytic therapy. 194 70

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has been widely used for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Acute pancreatitis occasionally occurs as a complication of TAE. We have investigated the possible effects of TAE on the pancreas by monitoring serum pancreatic enzyme activities following TAE with various embolic materials. Serum amylase activity was increased very little in the patients treated with chemotherapy alone or plus TAE with lipiodol, slightly increased in many of the patients treated with chemotherapy plus TAE with gelatin sponge, and increased in all of the patients treated with chemotherapy plus TAE with gelfoam powder. The activity was increased to a level as high as 700 U/dl or more in most individuals of the last category. In one of them acute pancreatitis developed, probably because the gelfoam powder regurgitated into the pancreaticoduodenal artery, and occluded a very peripheral portion of the pancreatic vascular bed, leading to ischemia of the pancreas. These results suggest that choosing the correct particle size is important for prevention of acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hepatocellular carcinoma. 247 61

Intraoperative vascular surgical consultation may be necessary if venous or arterial injury occurs during transabdominal urologic operations. Loss of blood usually can be controlled by simple digital compression until the consultant arrives, but urologists should be familiar with the principles of vascular reconstruction. Adequate exposure of the injured segment is essential, and the repair of major vessels must preserve patency as well as provide hemostasis. In this regard, patch angioplasty is sometimes necessary, and formal replacement with autogenous or prosthetic grafts may rarely be required. Blunt arterial trauma can precipitate distal arterial embolization, a complication that usually is not suspected until the immediate postoperative period. Although salvage should be managed by a vascular surgeon, urologists must be alert for the early signs of acute extremity ischemia after extensive retraction has been used deep in the pelvis, particularly in elderly or atherosclerotic patients. Considering the established diagnostic accuracy of roentgenographic studies presently employed in the fields of urology and vascular surgery, preoperative planning should limit the number of urgent intraoperative consultations between members of these two specialties. Each may have valuable advice to offer the other concerning the treatment of unusual problems involving obstructive uropathy, aortic aneurysms, and occlusive arterial disease, and their cooperative effort is especially important in the management of renal revascularization.
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PMID:Vascular problems in urologic patients. 402 86

Transcatheter intra-arterial therapy for the cancer patient encompasses infusion of chemotherapy and embolization. Intra-arterial infusion of chemotherapeutic agents has been resurrected because of the availability of new drugs, combinations of drugs, and the capability of percutaneous selective catheter placement. Intra-arterial infusion has been effective in patients with carcinomas of the liver, bladder, prostate, uterus, ovary, and lung and in bone and soft tissue sarcomas, melanomas, and tumors of the brain. Embolization of the arterial supply, creating ischemia of the neoplasm, has been employed in the therapeutic management of patients with primary and secondary neoplasms of the liver, kidney, and bone. The median survival of 100 patients with neoplasms of the liver from the time of hepatic artery embolization was 11.5 months. In 100 patients with pulmonary metastases from carcinoma of the kidney, 28 experienced a response to renal artery embolization, a therapeutic delay of 4 to 7 days, nephrectomy, and Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone). Seven of 12 patients with giant cell tumor of the pelvis and lumbar spine responded to arterial embolization after all other therapy failed. Chemoembolization, the combination of arterial infusion of chemotherapy and embolization, can be accomplished by the use of microencapsulated agents, liposomes, and particulate emboli with drugs. This approach integrates the advantages of infusion and occlusion, and has considerable potential. Intra-arterial immunotherapy has been initiated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) administration into renal neoplasms in patients with metastatic disease.
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PMID:Infusion-embolization. 609 84

Displacement of the thrombus into the artery and subsequent peripheral arterial embolization occurred during arteriovenous graft thrombectomy in two of a series of 162 graft revisions. Embolectomy was required to relieve limb threatening ischemia.
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PMID:Arterial embolization. Pitfalls of revision of graft angioaccess. 674 26

Forty-nine patients with acute mesenteric ischemia have been treated during the past 15 years. The overall mortality rate was 65%; the prognosis varied with the cause of disease. None of the 12 patients with primary thrombosis of the mesenteric arteries, 5 of 14 with spontaneous embolization, and 2 of 4 with arterial occlusion subsequent to diagnostic angiography survived. Seven of 11 patients with primary mesenteric venous thrombosis and 2 of 7 patients in whom mesenteric ischemia was related to low flow unassociated with occlusion of either the major arteries or veins survived. The only patient with occlusive arterial vasculitis survived. Thirty-one of these 49 patients presented with peritoneal signs. The serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase levels were significantly elevated in patients with nonocclusive ischemia and less elevated in patients with arterial or venous thrombosis. By contrast, the enzyme levels were frequently normal in patients with arterial embolization. Angiography was diagnostic in all four patients who were evaluated with this procedure--three patients with arterial embolization and one patient with nonocclusive ischemia. This procedure should be used more frequently, especially when embolization is suspected. The value of reexploration was assessed. There were 17 reexplorations, with only three contributing to survival (17.7%). Two patients with mesenteric venous thrombosis and one patient with arterial embolization benefited from resectional therapy during reexploration. The study emphasizes that diagnostic criteria, therapy, and prognosis can be correlated with the etiologic factor.
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PMID:Acute mesenteric ischemia. 712 85

We report here a unique case of acute-onset dementia caused by a posterior fossa dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF), which was successfully treated by surgical resection of the isolated transverse-sigmoid sinus combined with endovascular procedures. A 70-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with acute-onset dementia and pulsatile tinnitus on the left side. CT scan revealed a low-density area in the parieto-temporal region. Cerebral angiography revealed a dural AVF of the transverse-sigmoid sinus with retrograde drainage into cerebral cortical veins. After transarterial endovascular embolization of the dural AVF, a xenon-CT scan revealed increased cerebral blood flow. Four months postoperatively, however, she was admitted to our hospital again with seizure and aphasia due to recanalizaion of the dural AVF. After trans-arterial embolization, transvenous embolization was attempted, but was unsuccessful due to inaccessibility of the isolated sinus segment. Since this patient could not be cured by endovascular embolization, an open surgical resection of the isolated sinus segment was performed. Following this, CT scans revealed that the low density area present on the first admission had disappeared. The patient's dementia resolved postoperatively. We discuss the pathophysiological mechanism by which venous ischemia due to dural AVF can cause reversible dementia.
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PMID:[Dural arteriovenous fistula presenting as acute-onset dementia: a case report]. 912 19


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