Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ultrastructural changes in the small intestine during the early phase following mechanical obstruction were compared with those after vascular ligation. In both experiments (the early phase of mechanical ileus and ischemia) intestinal epithelial cells at the tips of villi showed common features. One of the most significant changes was an alteration in microvilli, with fragmentation into vesicles, narrowing of apical microvilli and decrease in number. The other change was fatty degeneration of the epithelial cells, which was accompanied by vesiculation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum beneath the terminal webs, fat deposition and dilated Golgi complex containing fat. These observations suggest that in the early phase of mechanical ileus, ischemic damage plays an important role.
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PMID:Electron microscopic studies on the small intestinal mucosa of rats after mechanical intestinal obstruction and ischemia. 610 22

In an effort to develop referral criteria for the ordering of abdominal radiographs for patients presenting with abdominal symptoms, we prospectively studied the relation between clinical data and radiographic abnormalities. Of 1780 examinations, 179 (10.0%) showed some radiographic abnormality. If abdominal radiographs would have been limited to those patients who had moderate or severe abdominal tenderness, or to patients with a high clinical suspicion of bowel obstruction, renal or ureteral calculi, trauma, ischemia, or gallbladder disease, regardless of the degree of tenderness, 956 (53.7%) examinations would not have been done. All radiographic abnormalities reflecting a serious pathologic process would have been identified. Only 33 (3.5%) abnormalities of limited significance, almost all localized or generalized ileus, would have been undetected. The adoption of these referral criteria would result in minimal loss of clinically useful information, large financial savings, and a reduction in radiation exposure.
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PMID:Evaluation of plain abdominal radiographs in the diagnosis of abdominal pain. 683 Mar 53

In an effort to develop referral criteria for the ordering of abdominal radiographs for patients presenting with abdominal symptoms, we prospectively studied the relation between clinical data and radiographic abnormalities. Of 1780 examinations, 179 (10.0%) showed some radiographic abnormality. If abdominal radiographs would have been limited to those patients who had moderate or severe abdominal tenderness, or to patients with a high clinical suspicion of bowel obstruction, renal or ureteral calculi, trauma, ischemia, or gallbladder disease, regardless of the degree of tenderness, 956 (53.7%) examinations would not have been done. All radiographic abnormalities reflecting a serious pathologic process would have been identified. Only 33 (3.5) abnormalities of limited significance, almost all localized or generalized ileus, would have been undetected. The adoption of these referral criteria would result in minimal loss of clinicall useful information, large financial savings, and a reduction in radiation exposure.
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PMID:Evaluation of plain abdominal radiographs in the diagnosis of abdominal pain. 710 83

Nitric oxide (NO.) plays a central role in the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and its response to critical illness. Potential sources of NO. in the gut include: intrinsic intestinal tissue (mast cells, epithelium, smooth muscle, neural plexus), resident and/or infiltrating leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes), reduction of luminal gastric nitrate, and denitrification by commensal anaerobes. The brain and endothelial isoforms of nitric oxide synthase are expressed under resting conditions, whereas inflammatory stimuli are required for the induction of the inducible type. Under resting conditions, mucosal perfusion is regulated by NO. derived from the vascular endothelium of the mesenteric bed. During inflammation, excessive NO. production from the inducible synthase may contribute to mucosal hyperemia. Coordination of peristalsis and sphincteric action is mediated by the release of NO., which acts as the principal neurotransmitter of the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic enteric nervous system. Alterations in bowel motility, such as ileus, result from excessive concentrations of NO. generated during endotoxicosis and inflammatory bowel disease. The role of NO. in the regulation of salt and water secretion is poorly understood. Endotoxin-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion appears to be mediated by the action of NO. on parietal cells. NO. may protect the gastrointestinal mucosa from a variety of stimuli (caustic ingestion, ischemia, ischemia/reperfusion injury, early endotoxic shock) by maintaining mucosal perfusion, inhibiting neutrophil adhesion to mesenteric endothelium, blocking platelet adhesion, and preventing mast cell activation. Excessive NO., however, may directly injure the mucosa. Barrier function of the intestinal mucosa is protected by NO. in the early stages of injury, when neutrophil adhesion, ischemia, and mast cell activation are relevant. Inhibition of NO. synthesis ameliorates barrier dysfunction during more advanced stages of inflammation, when activation of inducible NOS yields toxic concentrations of NO.. At high concentrations, NO. disrupts the actin cytoskeleton, inhibits ATP formation, dilates cellular tight junctions, and produces a hyperpermeable state. Selective inhibition of the inducible isoform of NOS and maintenance of the constitutive types may be therapeutic.
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PMID:Nitric oxide in the gut. 758 76

Nitric oxide (NO.) plays a central role in the Physioliology of the gastrointestinal tract and its response to critical illness. Potential sources of NO. in the gut include: intrinsic intestinal tissue (mast cells, epithelium, smooth muscle, neural plexus), resident and/or infiltrating leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes), reduction of luminal gastric nitrate, and denitrification by commensal anaerobes. The brain and endothelial isoforms of nitric oxide synthase are expressed under resting conditions, whereas inflammatory stimuli are required for the induction of the inducible type. Under resting conditions, mucosal perfusion is regulated by NO. derived from the vascular endothelium of the mesenteric bed. During inflammation, excessive NO. production from the inducible synthase may contribute to mucosal hyperemia. Coordination of peristalsis and sphincteric action is mediated by the release of NO., which acts as the principal neurotransmitter of the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic enteric nervous system. Alterations in bowel motility, such as ileus, result from excessive concentrations of NO. generated during endotoxicosis and inflammatory bowel disease. The role of NO. in the regulation of salt and water secretion is poorly understood. Endotoxin-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion appears to be mediated by the action of NO. on parietal cells. NO. may protect the gastrointestinal mucosa from a variety of stimuli (caustic ingestion, ischemia, ischemia/reperfusion injury, early endotoxic shock) by maintaining mucosal perfusion, inhibiting neutrophil adhesion to mesenteric endothelium, blocking platelet adhesion, and preventing mast cell activation. Excessive NO., however, may directly injure the mucosa. Barrier function of the intestinal mucosa is protected by NO. in the early stages of injury, when neutrophil adhesion, ischemia, and mast cell activation are relevant. Inhibition of NO. synthesis ameliorates barrier dysfunction during more advanced stages of inflammation, when activation of inducible NOS yields toxic concentrations of NO.. At high concentrations, NO. disrupts the actin cytoskeleton, inhibits ATP formation, dilates cellular tight junctions, and produces a hyperpermeable state. Selective inhibition of the inducible isoform of NOS and maintenance of the constitutive types may be therapeutic.
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PMID:Nitric oxide in the gut. 770 93

The introduction of thrombolysis has reduced the mortality of acute myocardial infarction (MI) by 25%. Large-scale studies have revealed that especially patients over 65 benefit from this therapy. Nevertheless, many centers apply an age limit for thrombolytic therapy due to the higher risk of stroke or bleeding in elderly patients. In 1993 181 patients suffering from acute MI were admitted to the intensive care unit of the University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Graz, and 54 (29.4%) of them were treated with fibrinolytic drugs. In this paper we report on the successful thrombolytic management of acute MI in two male patients (87 and 88 years old) who were treated with 100 mg recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator complex. As a sign of successful reperfusion a rapid increase in plasma creatinine kinase levels and fast amelioration of the ischemia-related ECG changes were observed. In the follow-up examination after four months the first patients showed only minimal exertional dyspnea and was otherwise well. The second patient died one month after MI following a laparotomy for ileus. We draw the conclusion that patients of advanced age also benefit from thrombolytic treatment of acute myocardial infarction, but the indications and contraindications have to be carefully observed.
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PMID:[Thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarct in advanced age (based on 2 case reports)]. 773 94

The pigs with allograft were divided into 5 groups according to the different immunosuppressive regimens. Acute rejection of allograft occurred in animals not treated with immunosuppressive agents or treated with low dose of cyclosporine (CsA). There was no rejection developed in the pigs treated with high dose CsA or low dose CsA and tripterygium wilfordii (TW). No evidence of chronic rejection was detected in animals with continued administration of TW after living longer than 100 days when the immunosuppressive treatment was discontinued. A woman with enterocolitis, ileus and short-gut syndrome received a complete cadaveric small bowel transplantation in march 12, 1994. The graft had 6 minutes for warm ischemia and 9 hours and 45 minutes for cold ischemia. The immunosuppressive therapy consisted of CsA, TW and methylprednisolone. The patient is alive and the function of graft is normal.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical studies of small bowel allotransplantation]. 777 36

A collaborative study was performed to determine the different types and mechanisms of intestinal abnormalities during gestation. Cases had to fulfill one or more of the following three criteria: (1) meconium ileus, (2) intestinal stenosis or atresia, and (3) meconium peritonitis. Esophageal atresia, anorectal atresia, and abdominal wall defects were excluded. One hundred two cases were reviewed from the autopsies of 42 induced abortions, 22 stillborns, and the surgical findings in 38 neonates. Meconium ileus was detected mainly during the second trimester (28/38), and was associated with cystic fibrosis (15), fetal blood deglutition (4), infection (6), or multiple-abnormalities (10), in which three chromosomal aberrations were found. Intestinal stenosis or atresia was more commonly detected during the third trimester of gestation (46/56). Sixteen of the 30 duodenal malformations were associated with trisomy 21, whereas in the 26 small intestinal atresias, signs of distress or ischemia were most frequently detected. Only 8 of 25 meconium peritonitis cases were isolated. A total of 20 cystic fibrosis cases could be proved. In this series, functional abnormalities were observed predominantly in the second trimester and associated mainly with cystic fibrosis or amniotic fluid abnormalities. Anatomic lesions were commonly detected later on and associated with ischemic conditions, chromosomal aberrations, and even cystic fibrosis.
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PMID:Meconium ileus and intestinal atresia in fetuses and neonates. 896 29

The clinic and histomorphology of the revascularized ileum autograft used for the reconstruction and/or replacing the cervical oesophagus in 76 adult mongrel dogs were examined from the 1st to 372nd postoperative days. In 46% of the cases complete recovery of autografts has been established. In 54% of the cases various complications were noticed-very long ischemia, necrosis and spontaneous detachment of the autografts injury of the superficial (endothelial) layer of blood vessels. Thrombosis of blood vessels, tissue haemorrhage, bleeding of the contact areas, wound infections, stenosis of the tubular autografts, unknown cases of abnormalities and mortality could also take place. There are a so-called split or detached contact within the oesophagus and the ileum graft as well as a lowering and enlargement of the villi, atypical crypts, partial replacement of the epithelium columnar cells with goblet cells, inflammatory lymphocytic infiltration of propria and epithelium, high phagocytic activity of the macrophages. The transplant changes can be more rapid if the defect of the cervical oesophagus is filled with a small intestine patch. At the junction of the morphological picture a strong hypo- and atrophy can be observed as well as the destruction and irritation, complete replacement of the columnar cells with mucous cells. In the so-called resorptive contact typical epitheliocytes have been replaced by a polymorphic cell mass. Acute inflammatory infiltration penetrated regionally all over the transplant. The simple columnar epithelium of the ileus transplant has been replaced by the non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
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PMID:[Reconstruction of the cervical esophagus using a revascularized ileal graft (experimental study)]. 912 44

The medical management of postoperative abdominal disorders remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the equine clinician. Recent advances in the development of techniques and medications to offset or attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury, endotoxemia, and ileus are encouraging and potentially will decrease the incidence of additional complications.
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PMID:Adjunctive methods in equine gastrointestinal surgery. 929 Jan 82


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