Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pneumatosis intestinalis has been described in association with many gastrointestinal tract disorders including infection, ischemia and obstruction. It has also been described in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, connective tissue disorders, organ transplantation, leukemia and various states of immunodeficiency. In the present paper, the case of a 66-year-old woman with chronic bronchiectasis who subsequently developed pneumatosis intestinalis is described.
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PMID:Pneumatosis intestinalis in a patient with chronic bronchiectasis. 1892 10

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) describes the existence of gas in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract; portal gas (PG) describes gas in the portovenous system. Both are predominantly diagnosed radiologically (computed tomography as the most sensitive method) and do not represent per se self-contained syndromes, but PI and PG are possible symptoms of a variety of diseases. Possible sources of gas are bacterial gas (e. g., bowel wall invasion by aerogenic bacteria), intraluminal and extraluminal enteric gas (e. g., increased intraluminal pressure e.g. endoscopy), and pulmonary gas (e. g., COPD). The treatment of PI /PG depends on the underlying disease. The decision for laparotomy/ laparoscopy should be a conclusion of clinical and possibly radiological signs. Since in many cases, the simultaneous detection of PI and PG, is caused by mesenterial ischemia and has a poor prognosis, in these cases, the decision for operation (laparotomy/ laparoscopy) should be made liberally. A symptomatic therapy with metronidazole and oxygen should be considered, if despite the adequate treatment of the underlying disease, PI continues with abdominal symptoms (such as intestinal pseudo-obstruction or nonspecific abdominal pain).
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PMID:[Of what relevance is the diagnosis of "pneumatosis intestinalis" and portal gas for the surgeon?]. 1953 12

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is an uncommon condition characterized by the presence of gas within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. PI is a physical or imaging finding that is the result of an underlying pathological process or a disease. This finding may present in diverse conditions, such as obstructive pulmonary disease and intestinal disease, including obstruction, inflammation, or ischemia. PI has also been reported in different autoimmune conditions, especially in systemic sclerosis and rarely with systemic lupus erythematosus. In this report we present PI occurring in three patients with different autoimmune conditions and review the literature.
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PMID:Pneumatosis intestinalis presenting in autoimmune diseases: a report of three patients. 1975 51

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) and portomesenteric venous gas (PMVG) are alarming radiological findings that signify bowel ischemia. The management of PI and PMVG remain a challenging task because clinicians must balance the potential morbidity associated with unnecessary surgery with inevitable mortality if the necrotic bowel is not resected. The combination of PI, portal venous gas, and acidosis typically indicates bowel ischemia and, inevitably, necrosis. We report a patient with PI and PMVG caused by septic shock who completely recovered after conservative treatment.
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PMID:Successful conservative treatment of pneumatosis intestinalis and portomesenteric venous gas in a patient with septic shock. 2012

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) occurs when gastrointestinal (GI) wall disruption, increased wall permeability or necrosis leads to wall infiltration by gas. It is associated with a spectrum of causal factors, including GI disease in allogeneic blood and marrow transplant patients. Traditionally, PI has been managed surgically with high morbidity and mortality. We describe our experience managing allogeneic blood and marrow transplant patients with PI. From January 1998 to May 2008, 320 patients underwent allogeneic blood and marrow transplant of whom 10 were identified with PI. PI diagnosis was established by computed tomography scan (n=7), plain film (n=2) or colonoscopy (n=1). A total of 9 of 10 patients had ongoing GI GvHD or received recent treatment for GI GvHD. Before April 2002, two patients underwent subtotal colectomy with ileostomy (n=1) and sigmoid colectomy with colostomy (n=1). One patient was managed with bowel rest and total parental nutrition (TPN) only. These three patients died 0.4, 1.1 and 3.9 years after PI diagnosis owing to GI GvHD (n=2) and surgical complications (n=1). Seven patients, diagnosed after September 2006, were treated with GI rest, TPN and antibiotics. PI treated with GI rest, TPN and antibiotics will resolve without surgical intervention. AlloBMT-associated PI is often a non-critical finding that does not represent true GI tract ischemia and/or GI tract perforation.
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PMID:Medical management of pneumatosis intestinalis in patients undergoing allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation. 2087 38

Pneumatosis intestinalis is a rare disorder characterized by gas-filled cysts within the subserosal and/or submucosal regions of the intestinal wall. The source of this gas and its translocation across the mucosa is incompletely understood. Most (85%) cases are associated with medical conditions, ranging from psychiatric through respiratory disorders to gastrointestinal-related diseases; the remaining 15% lack any recognizable cause or association. In this case report, pneumatosis coli (affecting the colon) occurred in a patient following abdominal surgery and was associated with pseudomembranous colitis, which was Clostridium difficile toxin negative-presumably a false negative. Supportive care and appropriate antibacterial agents sufficed to alleviate symptoms and resolve the pneumatosis. Recognizing this uncommon but important association can avoid high financial and personal costs from unnecessary testing and invasive surgical explorations. Consideration should be given to pseudomembranous colitis as the basis for pneumatosis coli developing in patients who have received antibiotics, once gut ischemia has been ruled out.
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PMID:Pneumatosis Coli Associated with Pseudomembranous Colitis in a Patient following Colonic Surgery. 2111 93

Pneumatosis intestinalis and portomesenteric vein gas are rare and potentially severe radiological findings that occur both in pediatric and adult populations. They actually are radiographic signs of underlying intra-abdominal pathology, abnormality or diagnostic medical interference. If combined with other radiological or clinical signs of intestinal ischemia or sepsis, the prognosis is dismal and urgent laparotomy is mandatory. We report two cases of surgical treatment with ominous outcome in an effort to characterize this finding correctly as an absolute surgical indication or as an additional diagnostic criterion that simply marks a further breakdown of the systems in patients with a long list of severe medical conditions.
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PMID:Unusual radiological finding of lethal pneumatosis intestinalis and portomesenteric vein gas. 2116 Jun 36

Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric veins is a very rare disease occurring in young male patients, with no more than eight cases reported in the world literature. It causes venous ischemia in the sigmoid colon and rectum that clinically resembles inflammatory bowel disease. Pneumatosis intestinalis is also a rare condition usually associated to a wide range of diseases including bowel ischemia. We herein report on a case of pneumatosis intestinalis associated to idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric veins. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such an association, and the first one of idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric veins occurring in a female patient as well.
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PMID:Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric veins and pneumatosis intestinalis: a previously unreported association. 2157 88

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is defined as gas within the gastrointestinal wall and is associated with a variety of disorders. As a concurrent occurrence with pneumoperitoneum, it can easily to be mistaken for bowel ischemia with perforated peritonitis. In fact, air dissection or rupture from subserosal cysts may be the cause of intraperitoneal and intraluminal free air, with clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain and fullness occurring as a result. We hereby report a case of an 82-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who was diagnosed with bowel ischemia and received emergency laparotomy because of the appearance of PI and pneumoperitoneum on abdominal computed tomography scan. However, no perforated hollow organ or necrotic bowel segment was found, only diffusely distributed massive intraperitoneal air and PI of gastrointestinal tract. The laparotomy seemed non-therapeutic for this patient. This is significant warning for clinicians to differentiate the associated conditions of PI, and to evaluate whether or not emergency surgery is necessary.
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PMID:Pneumatosis intestinalis and pneumoperitoneum on computed tomography: Beware of non-therapeutic laparotomy. 2176 72

Pneumatosis intestinalis may be caused by bowel ischemia and may display different patterns of appearance. We report a case of pneumatosis intestinalis with an atypical target pattern, detected by multidetector computed tomography (CT) in a 66-year-old male presenting with acute abdominal syndrome. Abdominal CT scan showed a double gas collection within the wall of a jejunal segment, with a characteristic target air distribution. The patient was surgically treated and successfully discharged from our hospital with the diagnosis of acute bowel ischemia. The target air sign can be an initial CT finding of the typical pneumatosis intestinalis and it can be useful in the early diagnosis of bowel ischemia.
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PMID:[Atypical appearance of pneumatosis intestinalis at multidetector CT]. 2309 49


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