Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

BK virus, first isolated in 1971, is a significant risk factor for renal transplant dysfunction and allograft loss. Unfortunately, treatment options for BK virus infection are limited, and there is no effective prophylaxis. Although overimmunosuppression remains the primary risk factor for BK infection after transplantation, male gender, older recipient age, prior rejection episodes, degree of human leukocyte antigen mismatching, prolonged cold ischemia time, BK serostatus and ureteral stent placement have all been implicated as risk factors. Routine screening for BK has been shown to be effective in preventing allograft loss in patients with BK viruria or viremia. Reduction of immunosuppression remains the mainstay of BK nephropathy treatment and is the best studied intervention. Laboratory-based methods such as ELISPOT assays have provided new insights into the immune response to BK and may help guide therapy in the future. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology of BK virus infection, screening strategies, treatment options and future research directions.
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PMID:BK virus infection: an update on diagnosis and treatment. 2457 43

This retrospective study describes the incidence and prevalence of ureteral stenosis/obstruction (US/O) in a cohort of 334 renal transplants recipients in our center over the last 5 years and evaluates the risk factors that may influence the occurrence of US/O. The parameters studied included the following: history of prostate disease, smoking, urinary tract infection, renal lithiasis, ureterovesical reflux, presence and level of polar artery, type of ureterovesical anastomosis, delayed graft function, double J catheter, lymphocele, urinoma, acute rejection, prolonged catheterization, post-transplant infravesical obstruction and BK virus infection, age of the donor and recipient, and months on dialysis. Also evaluated were the nadir creatinine and instances of cold ischemia, asystole, reanastomosis, and double J catheter removal. The average incidence of US/O was 7.6% and was significantly correlated with factors of alteration of the uretero-bladder dynamics without finding a relation to vascular factors.
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PMID:Development of Ureteral Stenosis/Obstruction in Kidney Transplant. 3206 24

The BK polyomavirus was isolated in 1971; it has been a significant risk factor for both graft dysfunction and failure in renal transplant recipients. So far, no specific treatment option has been available for effective treatment or prophylaxis for BK virus infections. Although the use of heavy immunosuppression has been the main risk factor for BK virus infection, other risk factors are equally important, including elderly recipients, prior rejection episodes, male sex, human leukocyte antigen mismatching, prolonged cold ischemia time, pretransplant BK virus serostatus, and ureteral stenting. Regular follow-up for BK virus infections according to each institution's policy has been, so far, effective in detecting patients with BK virus viremia and consequently preventing allograft loss. The mainstay of management continues to be reduction of immunosuppression. However, newer options are providing new insights, such as cellular immunotherapy. In this review, we will address the diagnosis, screening, new diagnostic tools, and updated management of BK virus infections.
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PMID:Update on the Management of BK Virus Infection. 3255 24