Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since the advent of implantable cardioverters/defibrillators (ICD) and percutaneous ablation, surgery for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmia has decreased tremendously. Nevertheless, surgical treatment of ventricular arrhythmias is still required, especially for cases where ICD discharge occurs very frequently or in patients with other indications for surgery. The choice of surgical therapy may range from radiofrequency- or cryoablation of a single focus (identified either intra- operatively or percutaneously) to more extensive surgical procedures such as surgical ventricular reconstruction with endocardial resection or even resection of the right ventricle and the creation of a cavo-pulmonary circulation for malignant arrhythmias and right ventricular failure in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. However, the choice of surgical procedure should be made based on the pathomechanism of the arrhythmia. This is important because any incision in the left or right ventricle or percutaneous ablation may also be the cause for ventricular arrhythmia. In this short review we will describe the most common underlying substrates for ventricular arrhythmia, indications for surgery, the techniques used for treatment and the results achieved. We will conclude that for most cases of patients with ventricular arrhythmia undergoing surgery, ischemia and the presence of a scar after myocardial infarction is the underlying cause and revascularization plus surgical ventricular reconstruction with endocardial resection may be the best treatment option.
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PMID:Surgical therapy of ventricular arrhythmias. 1764 37

Facial nerve paralysis (FNP) is a rare occurrence in fibrous dysplasia (FD) of the temporal bone (FDTB). Eight such cases have been described in the literature. In none of these cases was the FNP the presenting symptom, and in all, a direct etiology for the paralysis was identified. We present the first case of recurrent, unilateral FNP as the sole otological manifestation of FDTB. We discuss possible etiological factors for the paralysis favoring a compressive, transient ischemia of the facial nerve. The authors suggest adding FDTB to the differential diagnosis of recurrent FNP.
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PMID:Recurrent facial nerve paralysis: an unusual presentation of fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone. 1784 82

Fibromuscular dysplasia is a rare cause of stroke affecting mostly young females. It is characterized by the typical "string of beads" sign located mostly bilaterally in the midcervical portion of the carotid or vertebral arteries. We present the uncommon case of borderzone hemispheric infarction in a man with isolated unilateral fibromuscular dysplasia affecting continuously the distal extracranial and proximal intracranial portion of the left internal carotid artery leading to distal hypoperfusion and ischemia.
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PMID:An uncommon variant of fibromuscular dysplasia. 1819 May 3

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a noninflammatory, nonatheromatous segmental angiopathy. The renal arteries are affected most commonly, followed by the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. FMD of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries usually occurs in the extracranial portions and is mostly observed at the level of the second cervical vertebra. FMD of the intracranial arteries is rare, but tends to occur in children and young adults. FMD is more common in females than in males, and it is often observed in middle-aged women. Although the etiology of FMD is not well understood, several mechanisms have been proposed, such as genetic predisposition, hormonal factors, and arterial wall ischemia. The pathology of FMD is characterized by smooth muscle hyperplasia or thinning, elastic fiber destruction, fibrous tissue proliferation, and arterial wall disorganization. Cerebrovascular fibromuscular dysplasia (cFMD) is relatively rare in Japan but is regarded as one of the cardinal causes of stroke in the younger population. cFMD without complications causes nonspecific symptoms such as headache or vertigo, but when it results in an arterial dissection or aneurysm, it leads to cerebral infarction or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conventional angiographic findings mostly reveal a pattern called the "string of beads", which is pathologically correlated to medial fibromuscular dysplasia. Doppler echography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) may be useful for detecting cFMD lesions in some cases. MRA should be performed to rule out the presence of intracranial aneurysms. Antiplatelet and anticoagulation agents are prophylactics against cFMD complications. Surgical treatments such as graduated intraluminal dilatation had previously been the mainstays for treating cFMD. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with or without stenting has now become the preferred invasive treatment for symptomatic cFMD.
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PMID:[Cerebral infarction attributable to cerebrovascular fibromuscular dysplasia]. 1897

Antioxidants specifically addressed to mitochondria have been studied to determine if they can decelerate senescence of organisms. For this purpose, a project has been established with participation of several research groups from Russia and some other countries. This paper summarizes the first results of the project. A new type of compounds (SkQs) comprising plastoquinone (an antioxidant moiety), a penetrating cation, and a decane or pentane linker has been synthesized. Using planar bilayer phospholipid membrane (BLM), we selected SkQ derivatives with the highest permeability, namely plastoquinonyl-decyl-triphenylphosphonium (SkQ1), plastoquinonyl-decyl-rhodamine 19 (SkQR1), and methylplastoquinonyldecyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ3). Anti- and prooxidant properties of these substances and also of ubiquinonyl-decyl-triphenylphosphonium (MitoQ) were tested in aqueous solution, detergent micelles, liposomes, BLM, isolated mitochondria, and cell cultures. In mitochondria, micromolar cationic quinone derivatives were found to be prooxidants, but at lower (sub-micromolar) concentrations they displayed antioxidant activity that decreases in the series SkQ1=SkQR1>SkQ3>MitoQ. SkQ1 was reduced by mitochondrial respiratory chain, i.e. it is a rechargeable antioxidant. Nanomolar SkQ1 specifically prevented oxidation of mitochondrial cardiolipin. In cell cultures, SkQR1, a fluorescent SkQ derivative, stained only one type of organelles, namely mitochondria. Extremely low concentrations of SkQ1 or SkQR1 arrested H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis in human fibroblasts and HeLa cells. Higher concentrations of SkQ are required to block necrosis initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the fungus Podospora anserina, the crustacean Ceriodaphnia affinis, Drosophila, and mice, SkQ1 prolonged lifespan, being especially effective at early and middle stages of aging. In mammals, the effect of SkQs on aging was accompanied by inhibition of development of such age-related diseases and traits as cataract, retinopathy, glaucoma, balding, canities, osteoporosis, involution of the thymus, hypothermia, torpor, peroxidation of lipids and proteins, etc. SkQ1 manifested a strong therapeutic action on some already pronounced retinopathies, in particular, congenital retinal dysplasia. With drops containing 250 nM SkQ1, vision was restored to 67 of 89 animals (dogs, cats, and horses) that became blind because of a retinopathy. Instillation of SkQ1-containing drops prevented the loss of sight in rabbits with experimental uveitis and restored vision to animals that had already become blind. A favorable effect of the same drops was also achieved in experimental glaucoma in rabbits. Moreover, the SkQ1 pretreatment of rats significantly decreased the H(2)O(2) or ischemia-induced arrhythmia of the isolated heart. SkQs strongly reduced the damaged area in myocardial infarction or stroke and prevented the death of animals from kidney ischemia. In p53(-/-) mice, 5 nmol/kgxday SkQ1 decreased the ROS level in the spleen and inhibited appearance of lymphomas to the same degree as million-fold higher concentration of conventional antioxidant NAC. Thus, SkQs look promising as potential tools for treatment of senescence and age-related diseases.
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PMID:An attempt to prevent senescence: a mitochondrial approach. 1915 10

Echocardiographic strain with strain rate imaging is a new technology enabling more reliable and comprehensive assessment of myocardial function. The spectrum of potential clinical applications is very wide due to its ability to differentiate between active and passive movement of myocardial segments, to quantify intraventricular dyssynchrony and to evaluate components of myocardial function, such as longitudinal myocardial shortening, that are not visually assessable. In-vivo and in-vitro validation of 2D-strain imaging technique have been undertaken and reached a point where it is considered ready for more widespread investigations into clinical utility, e.g. regarding myocarditis, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy and regional ischemia. Moreover, longitudinal LV strain is closely related to log plasma brain-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with congestive heart failure, both in patients with systolic and diastolic heart failure. We present a case of detection of coronary artery disease in a 55-year-old Italian man. This case focuses attention on the higher sensibility of the 2-Dimensional Strain echocardiography the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease.
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PMID:2-Dimensional strain echocardiography and early detection of myocardial ischemia. 1918 69

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a noninflammatory, nonatherosclerotic sistemic disease of unknown etiology, primarily affecting muscular arteries of intermediate size. It has been most commonly observed in the renal, carotid, and intracerebral arteries, although it has been reported in other arterial beds. However, being an uncommon disease in general, the manifestation of FMD in the upper extremities is exceedingly rare. The authors report the case of a 69 years old female admitted with ischemia of the right hand, secondary to fibromuscular dysplasia of the midbrachial artery. The patient presented to vascular surgery clinic with a 4 month history of numbness, pain, and coolness of her right hand, with a small necrotic lesion on her right index finger. Peripheral pulses were barely palpable, and doppler-derived brachial and radial systolic pressures suggested midbrachial artery stenosis. Arteriography showed a normal arch and normal innominate, subclavian, and axillary arteries. The midbrachial artery was markedly abnormal and had alternating areas of stenosis and aneurysm formation - "string-of-beads" appearance. The patient underwent surgical excision of the abnormal right brachial artery, and reconstruction was accomplished with a reversed saphenous vein graft. Distal pulses were restored postoperatively. Pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of fibromuscular dysplasia. A review of the literature on the topic was made.
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PMID:[Fibromuscular dysplasia of the brachial artery, an unusual cause of upper extremities ischemia. A case report and review of the literature]. 1930 84

Reflectance spectroscopy is an emerging technology which provides rapid and safe evaluation of tissue for dysplasia and ischemia. The probe-based devices can be passed through most endoscopes. Current applications include detection of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus, colitis, and colon polyps.
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PMID:Fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. 1942 20

Reflectance spectroscopy is an emerging technology which provides rapid and safe evaluation of tissue for dysplasia and ischemia. The probe-based devices can be passed through most endoscopes. Current applications include detection of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus, colitis, and colon polyps.
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PMID:Reflectance spectroscopy. 1942 21

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the surgical treatment of choice for the majority of patients with medically refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) or UC with dysplasia, or familial adenomatous polyposis. Various forms of pouchitis frequently occur after surgery. In fact, pouchitis is the most frequent long-term complication of IPAA in patients with UC, with a cumulative prevalence of up to 50%. The etiology and pathogenesis of pouchitis are not entirely clear. It is generally believed that the initiation and development of the disease process of pouchitis is associated with dysbiosis of pouch reservoir, as evidenced by a favorable response to antibiotic therapy. However, the majority of the patients do not show identifiable etiopathogenetic or triggering factors, therefore being labeled to have idiopathic pouchitis. In contrast, a subgroup of patients, particularly those with antibiotic-refractory pouchitis, may have obvious triggering factors for disease flare-up and progression and may be considered to have secondary pouchitis. Therefore, pouchitis can be classified on the basis of etiology into idiopathic and secondary causes. Approximately 20-30% of patients who present with chronic pouchitis have secondary identifiable and triggering factors, including cytomegalovirus or Clostridium difficile infection, ischemia, concurrent immune-mediated disorders, radiation, collagen deposition, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Careful evaluation of these secondary causes of pouchitis that may contribute to resistance to antibiotics should be performed before the introduction of next-line medical therapy.
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PMID:Secondary pouchitis: those with identifiable etiopathogenetic or triggering factors. 1975 72


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