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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Children who die after operation for pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum may have myocardial ischemia. The relation between histologic evidence of myocardial ischemic injury and the presence of a right ventricle to coronary artery fistula, coronary artery dysplasia and operation in 17 autopsy specimens was assessed. Age at death ranged from 1 day to 16 years (median, 11 days). Of the 17 hearts, 6 (35%) had right ventricle to coronary artery fistulas, 5 of which had coronary artery dysplasia. In three cases, there was segmental or complete absence of a coronary artery. Ischemia was present in four of these six hearts, two of which had right ventricular outflow reconstruction. Six of the 11 hearts without right ventricle to coronary artery fistulas also had myocardial ischemia. Of these six cases, four had right ventricular outflow reconstruction and two had shunt operations. Death occurred from 1 to 8 days (mean 3) after operation. Hearts with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum may have myocardial ischemia with or without either right ventricle to coronary artery fistulas or coronary artery dysplasia. Myocardial ischemia may occur after right ventricular outflow reconstruction or shunt operations. Thus, myocardial ischemia occurs commonly in patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum and is not always related to coronary abnormalities or operation.
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PMID:Myocardial ischemia in patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum. 373 61

When electrodes are placed at the surface of the thorax, high-amplification electrocardiography (HA-ECG) combined with signal summation as a function of time provides a non-invasive method for detecting electric potentials occurring after the QRS complex of the clinical electrocardiogram. These potentials are called late, and can probably be likened to the "divided" or "fragmented" potentials recorded directly on the heart or in its ventricles near zones of ischemia, infarction or aneurysm. The prevalence of late potentials of ventricular activation (LPVA) and their association with the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias seems well established, notably in the presence of ventricular aneurysm and anamnesis of severe ventricular arrhythmia. Some studies have shown that detection of LPVAs is of value in identifying heart patients at risk of ventricular arrhythmia or sudden death. Heart disease aside, the presence of LPVAs has been demonstrated in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and reported in Fallot's tetralogy after complete correction. A standardization of recordings and a more precise definition of LPVAs are necessary before HA-ECG can become a routine clinical method. Further, the possibility of "beat by beat" recordings with "spatial" summation will allow detection of LPVAs which vary with time and in nature and hence provide a better understanding of the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias.
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PMID:[Late potentials and ventricular arrhythmia]. 374 Jul 75

Although graduated internal dilatation has proved to be an effective, safe, and durable operation for the treatment of symptomatic patients with fibromuscular dysplasia of the extracranial internal carotid artery, the role of surgical treatment in this entity remains unclear because the natural history is not well defined. Forty-nine patients, aged 29 to 82 years (mean, 58.5 years), with angiographically proven fibromuscular dysplasia of 88 internal carotid arteries have been evaluated since 1969. Twenty patients showed symptoms of focal cerebral or retinal ischemia, 10 patients had nonlateralizing neurologic symptoms, three patients sustained intracerebral hemorrhage, five patients complained of nonischemic symptoms, and 11 patients were asymptomatic. The three patients with intracranial hemorrhage and one person who suffered a massive stroke after angiography died within weeks of admission; no surgical therapy was performed. Initial management of the other patients included four internal carotid endarterectomies in four patients for associated atherosclerosis, one with simultaneous graduated internal dilatation; seven graduated internal dilatations in five patients; and one extracranial-to-intracranial bypass in a patient with occlusion occurring after graduated internal dilatation. Seventy-three nondilated arteries in 42 patients have been followed for up to 16 years (mean, 6.8 years). During this time only three patients have undergone surgical therapy; one carotid endarterectomy was done for an asymptomatic atherosclerotic lesion and two graduated internal dilatations in patients with nonfocal ischemia. Through follow-up of all 49 patients, none has had a new neurologic deficit. Fourteen patients who initially presented with focal ischemia were not treated surgically and all but one are now asymptomatic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The natural history of carotid fibromuscular dysplasia. 394 34

Abnormal arteries were demonstrated in the intestines of 8 of 25 children with Hirschsprung's disease. The histologic findings were similar to those seen in fibromuscular dysplasia with proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the thickened adventitia. We propose a new pathological entity, "adventitial fibromuscular dysplasia." The abnormal arteries were located only in the transitional zone, which includes the proximal aganglionic, the oligoganglionic, and the distal normoganglionic segments. These findings are compatible with the suggestion that the craniocaudal migration of ganglion cells might be interrupted by intestinal ischemia in the presence of abnormal arteries in the embryo.
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PMID:Fibromuscular dysplasia of arteries in Hirschsprung's disease. 397 42

This article describes our experience with the management of a 79-year-old woman who had abrupt onset of unilateral critical hand ischemia associated with advanced localized fibromuscular dysplasia of the forearm arteries and thrombotic occlusion of the palmar arch. The patient was successfully managed with local infusion of streptokinase, which was followed by excision and grafting of the radial and ulnar arteries. To our knowledge this represents the first case of hand ischemia associated with forearm fibromuscular dysplasia.
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PMID:Critical hand ischemia caused by forearm fibromuscular dysplasia. 399 38

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was attempted on 16 nonatherosclerotic lesions in 14 patients. Dilatation was initially successful in 4/4 cases with renal artery stenosis due to fibromuscular dysplasia (three) and Takayasu arteritis (one); all patients became normotensive and remain normotensive on no antihypertensive medications, at up to 12 months follow-up. PTA was technically successful in 4/5 transplant renal artery stenosis; these four patients remain normotensive or almost normotensive on no or markedly reduced antihypertensive medications, at up to 14 months followup. Initial success was obtained in 3/3 lesions involving vascular grafts; in one, the patient became and remained asymptomatic for the remaining 5 months he lived; in another, occlusion of the dilated segment and the graft occurred 8 months after PTA; and in the third, symptoms and signs of the limb ischemia returned within 24 hr of PTA. PTA was initially successful in a patient with recurrent celiac artery stenosis after surgery for median arcuate ligament syndrome; she has remained free of symptoms for 18 months. In a patient with three radiation-induced stenoses, PTA was initially successful; this patient is asymptomatic at 20 months follow-up. The medial type of fibromuscular dysplasia dilates most easily, suggesting a concentric stretching and some shearing of the fibrous tissue, which then heals in its dilated state. Intimal fibroplasia may be eccentric, and concentric stretching during dilatation may not be possible, leading to less satisfactory results. Radiation-induced stenosis involves periarterial fibrosis and arterial wall thickening, and the results in PTA of many of these lesions may be less satisfactory than reported here. The responsiveness of graft stenoses will vary with the cause; anastomotic stenoses will probably dilate easily, for they involve either concentric intimal proliferation, or a small degree of periarterial fibrosis; graft stenoses surrounded by dense fibrous tissue may respond initially to PTA, but the long-term results will probably be poor due to recurrent graft constriction.
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PMID:Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of nonatherosclerotic lesions. 610 4

The natural history of extracranial cerebrovascular disease and available alternatives in its treatment are reviewed. An evaluation of the evidence suggests that carotid endarterectomy is the treatment of choice in patients with transient ischemic deficits, provided that an anatomically appropriate lesion can be identified. These patients have a 25-38% chance of stroke if untreated, which can be reduced to 5-10% by carotid endarterectomy. Patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis who are good operative risks are also candidates for surgery, although this issue remains controversial. Patients with small asymptomatic ulcerated carotid plaques have a relatively benign prognosis and should not undergo preventive carotid surgery. Carotid surgery is occasionally indicated in patients with vertebral basilar insufficiency and carotid stenoses, fibromuscular dysplasia, or carotid kinks associated with symptoms of ischemia. Carotid endarterectomy may be performed with an overall mortality of 1-2% and morbidity of 2-5% if the patients are carefully selected and the surgical team is expert.
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PMID:The current status of carotid artery surgery. 709 1

Two typical cases of fibromuscular dysplasia of the cervicocephalic arteries in two women of 61 and 48 years of age are reported. The angiograms revealed bilateral affectation of the internal carotid artery and of the right vertebral artery in one case, and of both vertebral and renal arteries in the other. The patients presented neurological symptoms corresponding to ischemia of the vertebro-basilar territory. The first case was treated with anti-platelet aggregates with positive results. An extensive review of 70 similar published cases is presented. Several characteristics are studied such as: age, sex, localization, symptoms, clinical course and treatment. The quantitative evaluation of these factors agrees with those of other reviews carried out by some other authors. Fibromuscular dysplasia is an arteriopathy of unknown etiology which has a predominant incidence among middle age females (83 percent approximately). The disease usually involves the renal arteries and the cervical segment (adjacent to C1-C2 interspace) of the carotid arteries. There was an association with single or multiple intracranial aneurisms in 22.86 percent of the cases. Vertebral arteries were affected in 28.57 percent of the cases, although vertebral angiograms were not performed in 35.7 percent of them. Transient episodes of cerebral ischemia is the most frequent clinical manifestation (42.85 percent of the cases.).
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PMID:[Fibromuscular dysplasia of the cervicocephalic arteries. Report of two cases and review of the literature (author's transl)]. 736 81

Serious antecedent neurologic events occurred in 86 patients operated on for fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). We applied the following criteria to the assessment of outcome: (1) the lesion should be surgically accessible; (2) the operation should be performed with minimal risk; (3) the operative repair is durable; and (4) benefits of repair are long lasting. Intraluminal dilation fulfills the first criterion: 118 dilations have been performed in 79 patients, with no deaths, three postoperative strokes that recovered completely, and eight single episodes of transient ischemia or amaurosis. The repair was durable, there being one late closure of a dilated artery. There were two subarachnoid hemorrhages, two strokes, and two patients had recurrence of symptoms during the follow-up period. Intraluminal dilation should be offered to patients with symptomatic FMD. A registry of patients with asymptomatic FMD should be established to study its natural history.
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PMID:Why operate on carotid fibromuscular dysplasia? 743 20

We report two cases of severe hypertension and unilateral renal dysplasia. No renal artery stenosis and no other urogenital malformations were found. In both cases we found substantially enhanced secretion of renin from the dysplastic kidney. After nephrectomy both patients obtained a distinctive and permanent reduction or normalization of blood pressure. In the two cases reported, regional renin release induced by ischemia is a very likely etiological factor.
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PMID:The etiology of hypertension in nonrenovascular unilateral renal disease--two cases of renin induced hypertension in congenital renal dysplasia. 759 51


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