Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The extracranial carotid systems of 105 patients with retinal ischemia were examined using B-mode ultrasonography with integrated pulsed Doppler. Sixty-four patients had amaurosis fugax (AF), 17 central retinal artery occlusions (CRAO), and 21 branch retinal artery occlusions (BRAO). The prevalence of carotid stenosis (greater than or equal to 60%) ipsilateral to the symptomatic eye was low (16%). Eighty-six percent of AF patients had either no plaque causing less than a 60% stenosis. A significant proportion of subjects with normal duplex scans had alternative explanations for their retinal ischemia (eg, migraine, cardiac embolus). Patients with Hollenhorst plaques were more likely to have stenotic or ulcerated plaque (p = 0.04). The degree of carotid stenosis correlated significantly with the number of vascular risk factors identified in individual patients (p = 0.02). The presence of risk factors was more common in CRAO and BRAO patients compared with the AF group. Combined ultrasound-Doppler investigations of the carotid bifurcation are valuable noninvasive tools for the screening of patients with retinal ischemia.
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PMID:Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease in patients with retinal ischemic syndromes. 328 40

The etiology of monocular ischemia influences the clinical manifestation and long-term neurologic and visual prognosis. During a 10-year period, 140 patients with monocular visual symptoms were evaluated and assigned to a carotid bifurcation occlusive disease group (group I) or a primary ocular disease group (group II) on the basis of angiographic findings and ophthalmologic evaluation. Patients with symptoms secondary to emboli from the carotid bifurcation tended to have a shorter duration of blindness and a lower incidence of permanent blindness initially and during follow-up. The presence of Hollenhorst plaques or retinal artery occlusion did not have any discriminatory diagnostic value since the incidence was similar in both patient groups. Since both primary eye disease and carotid bifurcation occlusive disease can be initially seen as monocular ischemia, carotid angiography and ophthalmologic consultation are necessary to select those patients who will benefit from carotid endarterectomy.
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PMID:Monocular ischemia--the influence of carotid atherosclerosis versus primary ocular disease on prognosis. 341 79

Retinal ischemia is often caused by emboli arising from the cardiac chambers or the common carotid artery bifurcation; the latter are often composed of cholesterol. However, in many patients no lesions are identified after evaluation of these sources of emboli. Two patients were observed who had retinal ischemia and emboli originating from aortic atheromatous plaques that were visualized by transesophageal echocardiography. Cardiac, carotid, and intracranial sources of emboli were excluded. The embolic nature of retinal ischemia was further corroborated by the presence of microembolic signals during transcranial Doppler insonation of the middle cerebral artery on the side ipsilateral to the symptomatic retina. In patients with Hollenhorst plaques the aortic arch can be a potential source of emboli. Transesophageal echocardiography should be considered in these patients when the initial evaluation does not identify a cardiac or carotid lesion.
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PMID:Retinal ischemia in aortic arch atheromatous disease. 985 2