Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with anginal symptoms and normal coronary arteries have been found to present with high levels of neuroticism i.e. anxiety, depression and somatic concerns. Whether neuroticism plays a role in precipitating coronary hypoperfusion and symptoms is still a matter of investigation. The present study was undertaken to assess the relation between psychological status and clinical symptoms in 22 patients with syndrome X (angina and ST depression with angiographically normal coronary arteries and reversible myocardial perfusion abnormalities). Neuroticism was evaluated by Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Sheehan Patient Rated Anxiety Scale, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression. Data were compared with those obtained in 30 patients with stable angina as well as coronary artery disease. All patients underwent an exercise stress testing and a 24-hour ambulatory Holter monitoring. Patients with syndrome X scored significantly higher than stable angina (p < 0.05 each) on all psychological tests but STAXI. No significant differences, between syndrome X and stable angina were found in exercise stress testing parameters and during Holter monitoring. Twelve out of 22 syndrome X patients had a score > 28 in HAM-A (Group 1, with frank psychiatric abnormalities). The remaining 10 patients were labelled as Group 2. No significant differences between Group 1 and Group 2 were found in exercise capacity (time to 0.1 m V ST depression: 397 +/- 73 and 419 +/- 137 s, respectively; NS) or in the number of anginal episodes per day (0.9 +/- 1.3/24 hours and 0.6 +/- 0.8/24 hours respectively; NS). In contrast, Holter monitoring showed a significantly higher number of ischemic episodes in Group 1 than in Group 2 (1.6 +/- 1.7 vs 0.1 +/- 0.3/24 hours; p < 0.02) and a greater duration of ischemia (23.8 +/- 32 vs 0.3 +/- 1 min/24 hours; p < 0.03). We conclude that: patients with syndrome X evidence elevated neuroticism scores; a high degree of anxiety correlates with increased transient myocardial ischemia during daily life; neuroticism may itself cause changes in coronary microvascular function in syndrome X. Alternatively it may simply modulate the threshold for ischemia in the presence of underlying dysfunction.
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PMID:[The correlation between the clinical characteristics and psychological status in syndrome X patients]. 876 18

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a frequent complication of pregnancy in India. Sheehan's description of postpartum hypopituitarism promoted the belief that PPH leads to necrosis of the enlarged pituitary gland of pregnancy and hypopituitarism. However, slow clinical progression suggests factors other than ischemia in its pathogenesis. Tissue necrosis could release sequestered antigens, triggering autoimmunity of the pituitary and delayed hypopituitarism in Sheehan's syndrome. Twenty-six consecutive patients with postpartum hypopituitarism were studied, 19 with Sheehan's syndrome based on a history of PPH and hormone profile suggesting pituitary failure [mean (SD) age 32.7 +/- 6.4 yr, duration of illness 5.5 +/- 3.1 yr], and seven patients with no history of PPH, categorized as "Other." Pituitary imaging and basal T(4), TSH, cortisol, LH, FSH, 17beta-estradiol, and autoantibodies against pituitary (PitAb) and thyroid (TMA) were evaluated. Controls included 28 healthy females without prior conception (22 +/- 5 yr) and 28 with prior conception (26 +/- 5 yr). Twelve of 19 (63.1%) patients with Sheehan's syndrome and one of seven in the Other group had PitAb against the 49-kDa autoantigen; neuron-specific enolase. Four of 28 (14.2%) controls without prior conception and 5 of 28 (17.8%) controls with prior conception had PitAb positivity (P < 0.001 and <0.01 vs. Sheehan's syndrome, respectively). There was no significant difference in the mean serum hormone values and TMA positivity between patients with Sheehan's syndrome and the Other group as well as patients with or without PitAb positivity. Pituitary autoimmunity may play a role in the cause of hypopituitarism following PPH.
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PMID:Pituitary autoimmunity in patients with Sheehan's syndrome. 1221 61

Sheehan's syndrome is caused by pregnancy-related hemorrhage leading to ischemic necrosis of the anterior pituitary gland and hypopituitarism. Spontaneous pregnancy in Sheehan's syndrome is very rare. We report the case of a patient with Sheehan's syndrome who suffered from anterior pituitary insufficiency, but with sparing of gonadotropic function. The patient became pregnant spontaneously and, after her second delivery, thyrotropic function recovered. However, the patient's growth hormone and cortisol levels remained unresponsive to an insulin-tolerance test. This case demonstrates that pituitary function may recover from less extensive pituitary ischemia. We emphasize the importance of early identification of pregnancy in such cases. It is crucial to institute adequate hormone-replacement therapy during pregnancy, since hypopituitarism is associated with high fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Spontaneous pregnancy and partial recovery of pituitary function in a patient with Sheehan's syndrome. 1585 70

Postpartum necrosis of the anterior pituitary gland is known as Sheehan's syndrome in honor of Harold Leeming Sheehan who characterized the syndrome as the consequence of ischemia after severe puerperal hemorrhage. With advancements of obstetrical care, Sheehan's syndrome has become uncommon except in developing countries. In many affected women, anterior pituitary dysfunction is not diagnosed for many years after the inciting delivery. This review emphasizes the long period of time that may elapse between the puerperal hemorrhage and the eventual diagnosis of hypopituitarism. The pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical features and treatment of this disorder are discussed.
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PMID:The changing face of Sheehan's syndrome. 2094 96

Sheehan's syndrome (SS) is an adenopituitary insufficiency caused by hypovolemia secondary to excessive blood loss during or after childbirth. However, the mechanism of postpartum hemorrhage and ischemia is not clear. We aimed to evaluate the bleeding disorders among patients with SS, in comparison with healthy controls. In addition, we investigated underlying causes in postpartum hemorrhage that begin the event. The present study was conducted at the Dicle University School of Medicine. Forty-eight patients with SS and 50 age-matched female healthy controls were included. Biochemical and hormonal variables were measured, as was platelet function by means of closure times (PFA-100 testing using collagen plus epinephrine and collagen plus ADP), von Willebrand factor (vWF) level, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), international normalized ratio (INR), and coagulation factors. Although PT and INR were significantly higher in patients with SS (both P<0.01), aPTT and levels of fibrinogen, vWF, and factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII did not differ significantly. Closure times with collagen/epinephrine and collagen/ADP also did not differ significantly between patients with SS and control patients. The nonspecific etiology and presence of excessive postpartum hemorrhage in patients with SS suggest that coagulation disorders may play a role in their predisposition to bleeding. The increased PT and INR noted might implicate bleeding diathesis as the underlying etiology, although no significant decreases were noted in factor levels. Further studies are needed to elucidate this complex mechanism of this disorder.
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PMID:Assessment of bleeding disorders in Sheehan's syndrome: are bleeding disorders the underlying cause of Sheehan's syndrome? 2113 50