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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The histoblot immunostaining technique for locating and characterizing amyloidogenic proteins was used to obtain information about the relationship of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia to the accumulation of amyloid beta protein (A beta). We investigated brains of 131 subjects (ages 25-94 years, mean 72 years). Three distribution patterns of A beta immunoreactivity were identified: (1) colocalization with diffuse and neuritic plaques of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging; (2) diffuse punctuate deposits in the cerebral cortex in association with small vessel cerebral vascular disease ; and (3) cerebral cortical accumulation localized to arterial boundary zones and other regions susceptible to ischemic/hypoxic injury designated "stress-induced deposits" (SID). SID were not identified in tissue sections by immunohistochemical, Congo red or Bielschowsky silver techniques; no histological abnormalities were present in adjacent formalin-fixed tissue sections, SID occurred in subjects with histories of cerebral ischemia, and severe orthostatic hypotension. There was also an association with aging in general and with the incidence of neuritic plaques specifically. These latter findings are consistent with the hypothesis that brain ischemia/hypoxia plays a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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PMID:Ischemic stress induces deposition of amyloid beta immunoreactivity in human brain. 856 Sep 78

Global cerebral ischemia/hypoxia, as can occur during human stroke, damages brain neural networks and synaptic functions. The recently demonstrated protein kinase C (PKC) activation-induced synaptogenesis in rat hippocampus suggested the potential of PKC-mediated antiapoptosis and synaptogenesis during conditions of neurodegeneration. Consequently, we examined the effects of chronic bryostatin-1, a PKC activator, on the cerebral ischemia/hypoxia-induced impairment of synapses and neurotrophic activity in the hippocampal CA1 area and on hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory. Postischemic/hypoxic bryostatin-1 treatment effectively rescued ischemia-induced deficits in synaptogenesis, neurotrophic activity, and spatial learning and memory. These results highlight a neuroprotective signaling pathway, as well as a therapeutic strategy with an extended time window for reducing brain damage due to stroke by activating particular PKC isozymes.
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PMID:Poststroke neuronal rescue and synaptogenesis mediated in vivo by protein kinase C in adult brains. 1876 86

Eighty percent of patients with chronic mild cerebral ischemia/hypoxia resulting from chronic heart failure or pulmonary disease have cognitive impairment. Overt structural neuronal damage is lacking and the precise cause of neuronal damage is unclear. As almost half of the cerebral energy consumption is used for synaptic transmission, and synaptic failure is the first abrupt consequence of acute complete anoxia, synaptic dysfunction is a candidate mechanism for the cognitive deterioration in chronic mild ischemia/hypoxia. Because measurement of synaptic functioning in patients is problematic, we use cultured networks of cortical neurons from new born rats, grown over a multi-electrode array, as a model system. These were exposed to partial hypoxia (partial oxygen pressure of 150Torr lowered to 40-50Torr) during 3 (n=14) or 6 (n=8) hours. Synaptic functioning was assessed before, during, and after hypoxia by assessment of spontaneous network activity, functional connectivity, and synaptically driven network responses to electrical stimulation. Action potential heights and shapes and non-synaptic stimulus responses were used as measures of individual neuronal integrity. During hypoxia of 3 and 6h, there was a statistically significant decrease of spontaneous network activity, functional connectivity, and synaptically driven network responses, whereas direct responses and action potentials remained unchanged. These changes were largely reversible. Our results indicate that in cultured neuronal networks, partial hypoxia during 3 or 6h causes isolated disturbances of synaptic connectivity.
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PMID:Mild hypoxia affects synaptic connectivity in cultured neuronal networks. 2456 Aug 99

Here we studied the cytoprotective effect of lithium chloride and sodium valproate in the in vivo model of neonatal cerebral ischemia/hypoxia and analyzed the influence of these substances on the death of the major neurovascular unit components in experimental ischemia in vitro. Lithium chloride and sodium valproate effectively prevented death of neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells in the oxygen-glucose deprivation. This treatment protected the brain of newborn rats from ischemia/hypoxia injury. The results suggest that lithium and sodium valproate can be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathologies associated with hypoxia and ischemia in newborns.
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PMID:Protection of Neurovascular Unit Cells with Lithium Chloride and Sodium Valproate Prevents Brain Damage in Neonatal Ischemia/Hypoxia. 2674 38