Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Talc retinopathy is a recognized ocular condition characterized by the presence of small, yellow, glistening crystals found inside small retinal vessels and within different retinal layers. These crystals can be associated with retinal vascular occlusion and ischemia. Different diagnostic modalities have been used previously to characterize the retinal lesions in talc retinopathy. Adaptive optics, a high resolution imaging technique, is used to evaluate the location, appearance and distribution of talc crystals in a case of talc retinopathy.
Int J Retina Vitreous 2015
PMID:High-resolution adaptive optics findings in talc retinopathy. 2784 3

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a secondary glaucoma generally associated with poor visual prognosis. The development of new vessels over the iris and the iridocorneal angle can obstruct aqueous humor outflow and lead to increased intraocular pressure. The underlying pathogenesis in most cases is posterior segment ischemia, which is most commonly secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy or central vein retinal occlusion. The neovascularization process in the eye is driven by the events that alter the homeostatic balance between pro-angiogenic factors, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor and anti-angiogenic factors, such as the pigment-epithelium-derived factor. Early diagnosis of this condition through slit lamp examination of the iris, iridocorneal angle and retina can help to avoid the development of goniosynechia and obstruction of aqueous humor outflow, with consequent intraocular pressure elevation. Historically, NVG treatment was focused on reducing the posterior segment ischemic process that caused the formation of new vessels, through panretinal photocoagulation. Recently, several studies have investigated the application of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapies in NVG. If clinical treatment with the use of hypotensive topical drops is not sufficient, laser and/or surgical procedures are required for intraocular pressure control.
Int J Retina Vitreous 2016
PMID:Neovascular glaucoma: a review. 2789 36

The authors present the first case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy as a manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) with multimodal imaging, including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The association between APS and ophthalmic sequela is well-known. Recent advances in multimodal imaging, specifically OCTA, allow for better characterization of the mechanism and extent by which retinal arterial thrombosis can cause vision loss. Using advanced imaging modalities, the authors provide a comprehensive assessment of retinal ischemia, which showed not only localized capillary occlusion, but also ischemia of the deep retinal capillary plexus. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48:175-178.].
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2017 02 01
PMID:Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy Associated With Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome. 2819 22

In diabetic retinopathy (DR), macular involvement can present as either macular edema or ischemia. Fluorescein angiography remains the gold standard in the evaluation of retinal vascular perfusion and diagnosis of macular ischemia. However, it is a costly, time-consuming technique, it requires venipuncture, and reports of anaphylaxis and death related to fluorescein injections have been documented, despite their rarity. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a fast and non-invasive method to assess retinal structures at a microscopic level. OCT angiography permits the noninvasive study of retinal and choroid circulation via motion contrast imaging. Split-spectrum amplitude decorrelation angiography combined with OCT angiography has furthered the understanding of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases, allowing the evaluation of retinal microvasculature and identification of subsequent disorders, including DR. Previous studies using OCT angiography have demonstrated that it may demonstrate DR findings such as microaneurysms, arteriolar wall staining, retinal neovascularization, and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities. The purpose of this article is to describe and discuss different concepts regarding OCT angiography, as well as its role in the diagnosis of DR and maculopathy.
Int J Retina Vitreous 2017
PMID:Diabetic retinopathy and OCT angiography: clinical findings and future perspectives. 2829 32

Terson syndrome is defined as the incidence of intraocular hemorrhage in patients following a subarachnoid or intracranial bleed. A 38-year-old female with both intraretinal and subretinal hemorrhages secondary to Terson syndrome underwent repair of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. One month following resolution of the macular hemorrhages, a paracentral scotoma persisted. Multimodal imaging (morphological and functional) confirmed the presence of acute macular neuroretinopathy Type 2 associated with deep retinal capillary ischemia. Optical coherence tomography angiography illustrated the selective involvement of the deep retinal capillary plexus. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48:764-767.].
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2017 09 01
PMID:Terson Syndrome Associated With Acute Macular Neuropathy Type 2. 2890 39

Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) is a rare syndrome affecting the retinal and optic disc vasculature. Diffuse retinal ischemia, macular edema, and neovascularization may lead to bilateral vision loss. The authors report a case of a 36-year-old woman presenting with branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) in her right eye who was subsequently diagnosed with IRVAN syndrome. She was treated with panretinal photocoagulation for peripheral retinal ischemia and pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage. She later developed a BRAO in her left eye. This case demonstrates that BRAO may be a presenting feature of IRVAN syndrome. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48:948-951.].
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2017 11 01
PMID:Idiopathic Retinal Vasculitis, Aneurysms, and Neuroretinitis Syndrome Presenting With Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion. 2912 67

The early clinical manifestations of macular infarction secondary to subconjunctival gentamicin (Gentak; Akorn, Lake Forest, IL) use in an aphakic eye were documented sequentially on swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography. The first recorded event after drug toxicity was macular detachment, along with disorganization of outer retinal layers in about 12 hours. The changes in inner retinal layers occurred after 36 hours had elapsed. OCT-documented initial damage to outer retinal layers could be due to the susceptibility of first order retinal neurons, followed by subsequent inner retinal layer involvement and ischemia. This helps in understanding pathogenesis of a catastrophic complication of subconjunctival gentamicin injection commonly used for endophthalmitis prophylaxis. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:456-459.].
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2018 06 01
PMID:Serial Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Features of Gentamicin Macular Toxicity: A Glimpse Into the Injury Cascade. 2992 75

The authors report the widefield montage swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in a 36-year-old male with sympathetic ophthalmia and illustrate the presence of multiple small areas of choriocapillaris flow voids that likely correspond to areas of choriocapillaris ischemia. Using sequential imaging, the authors observed that these flow voids improved following initiating of steroid and immunosuppressive therapy and almost completely resolved following 6 months of therapy with corresponding improvement in visual acuity. This report highlights the role of widefield montage OCTA to detect these likely ischemic changes within the choriocapillaris in sympathetic ophthalmia and demonstrates that they can be used as an anatomic marker to monitor treatment response. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:726-730.].
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2018 09 01
PMID:Treatment Response in Sympathetic Ophthalmia as Assessed by Widefield OCT Angiography. 3022 10

No consensus exists for the treatment of retinopathy in incontinentia pigmenti (IP). Vascular ischemia leads to tractional retinal detachments if untreated. Ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (FA) is used to follow the vascular status of the retina. A 13-week-old female with IP presented with bilateral retinal vascular occlusions in both eyes. Ultra-widefield FA showed reperfusion after treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and angiography-guided laser to the avascular retina. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment reduces neovascularization and allows for growth of retinal vessels. IVB and FA-guided laser to the avascular retina is an option in IP. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;50:e33-e37.].
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019 02 01
PMID:Revascularization After Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Laser Therapy of Bilateral Retinal Vascular Occlusions in Incontinentia Pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger Syndrome). 3076 27

Ischemic postconditioning (PC) is proved to efficiently protect diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction from ischemia-reperfusion injury. We aimed to explore the protective roles of ischemic PC on diabetic retinopathy in tree shrews with diabetic cerebral ischemia. A diabetic tree shrew model was established through high-fat diet feeding combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection, while cortical thrombotic cerebral ischemia was induced photochemically. Tree shrews were divided into the normal control group, sham operation group, diabetes mellitus group, diabetes mellitus+cerebral ischemia group, and diabetes mellitus+cerebral ischemia+PC group (in which the tree shrews with diabetic cerebral ischemia were treated with ischemic PC). H&E staining was used to examine the pathological changes in the retina, and immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the retinal expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). The modeling resulted in 77% tree shrews with diabetes. Ischemic PC reduced the blood glucose levels in the tree shrews with diabetic cerebral ischemia. Tree shrews with diabetes had thinned retina with disordered structures, and these pathological changes were aggravated after cerebral ischemia. The retinopathy was alleviated after ischemic PC. Retina expression of VEGF was mainly distributed in the ganglion cell layer in tree shrews. Diabetes and cerebral ischemia increased retinal VEGF expression in a step-wise manner, while additional ischemic PC reduced retinal VEGF expression. Therefore, ischemic PC effectively alleviates retinopathy in tree shrews with diabetic cerebral ischemia, and this effect is associated with reduced retinal VEGF expression.
 ...
PMID:Ischemic Postconditioning Mitigates Retinopathy in Tree Shrews with Diabetic Cerebral Ischemia. 3210 13


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