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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A combination of various electrophysiologic tests--simultaneous recording of VER and ERG, EER, and single-flash ERG--is proposed to assess visual function in eyes being considered for vitrectomy. To establish the validity of the method, eyes of normal subjects and of some patients with clear media and types of ocular pathology often associated with opaque vitreous were tested. A higher stimulus threshold for VER than for ERG recorded simultaneously can be used to diagnose severe optic atrophy in eyes with opaque media. EER reflected the status of the retinal circulation and the function of the optic nerve, rather than the extent of the tractional retinal detachment in diabetic retinopathy. As electrical stimulation to the retina is little affected by opaque media, the EER can be a useful test in massive vitreous hemorrhage, diabetic retinopathy, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Single-flash ERG was compared with ERG recorded with the response-summation technique. The b/a wave amplitude ratio in single-flash ERG was useful in assessing the middle layer of the retina in opaque media, whereas the latter technique, though useful when recorded simultaneously with VER, distorts the shape of the responses in such a way as to simulate the findings in retinal ischemia.
Retina 1983
PMID:Electrophysiologic testing of visual functions for vitrectomy candidates. I. Results in eyes with known fundus diseases. 687 4

Three patients developed apparent choroidal ischemia after phacoemulsification. The outer half of the posterior retina appeared white after operation, with confluent lesions in the posterior pole and splotchy white areas in the midperiphery. The separate lesions appeared similar in pattern to the lobular division of the choriocapillaris, and the retinal vessels were not involved. The white lesions resolved in two to three weeks, leaving alterations in the pigment epithelium. Vision was transiently reduced in each eye but returned to a nearly normal level in two of three affected eyes, although paracentral scotomas persisted. In each case of phacoemulsification, the posterior lens capsule was either damaged or was removed. In all three cases, an investigational type of irrigating solution (BSS Plus) containing balanced salt, glutathione, and other constituents was used. Controlled ocular compression was performed before operation using a pneumatic device in two cases. However, the cause of retinal and choroidal damage now described was probably excessively elevated intraocular pressure during the operation.
Retina 1981
PMID:Choroidal ischemia after extracapsular cataract extraction by phacoemulsification. 734 48

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) causes severe visual loss in affected eye and vision does not recover in more than 90% of the patients. It is believed that it occurs by occlusion of the central retinal artery with small emboli from atherosclerotic plaque of internal cerebral artery. Retina is a part of the brain, thus basically CRAO is corresponding to acute occlusion of intracerebral artery and retinal ischemia is to cerebral stroke. Therefore, intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) has been considered as a treatment method in CRAO. Recently, we treated 2 patients diagnosed as CRAO and could achieve complete recanalization on fundus fluorescein angiogram with IAT. Of them, one recovered visual acuity to 20/25. We report our 2 CRAO cases treated with IAT and discuss technical aspects for IAT and management of patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Korean report of IAT for CRAO.
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PMID:Intra-arterial thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion: two cases report. 2051 26

Late-stage Takayasu's arteritis can result in significant ocular ischemic disease from global retinal hypoperfusion. The authors report the case of a 32-year-old woman with known Takayasu's arteritis who presented with severe, late-stage Takayasu's arteritis and prominent retinal findings. The systemic burden of the disease is illustrated using computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography imaging techniques, and the ophthalmic findings are illustrated in a novel fashion using ultrawide-field imaging. Delayed arm-to-retina circulation time, severe peripheral retinal ischemia, and extensive diffuse angiographic leakage were noted. These dramatic findings resolved completely 5 months after surgical revascularization was performed in combination with medical management.
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
PMID:Dramatic resolution of extreme ocular ischemia in a case of Takayasu's arteritis. 2341 May 9

Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) is a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by cataract, photoreceptor loss and subretinal fluid overlying patchy areas of retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, and a diffusely thickened choroid with focal nodules. We present the case of a 64-year-old woman with a history of endometrial adenocarcinoma who developed BDUMP with bilateral exudative retinal detachments with inferior peripheral retinal ischemia. This new finding of peripheral nonperfusion expands the spectrum of BDUMP.
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
PMID:Inferior peripheral nonperfusion in bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation. 2351 44

Paracentral occlusive retinopathy is an uncommon manifestation of sickle cell disease. If macular ischemia is not reversed, permanent vision loss can result. The authors report the successful use of exchange transfusion to treat unilateral paracentral occlusive retinopathy secondary to sickle cell disease in a 23-year-old man with hemoglobin SS disease. Initial presentation demonstrated arteriolar occlusion, perivenous hemorrhages, vessel tortuosity, and areas of retinal ischemia. Visual acuity was count fingers, and the patient noted a paracentral scotoma. Following transfusion, there was restoration of arteriolar flow as documented with fluorescein angiogram, and visual acuity returned to 20/20.
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
PMID:Reversal of paracentral occlusive retinopathy in a case of sickle cell disease using exchange transfusion. 2404 19

This is a report of a 5-year-old boy who presented with an exudative retinopathy consistent with Coats' disease. Optical coherence tomography confirmed the concurrent presence of retinoschisis in the same eye, adjacent to the areas of exudation and ischemia. Treatment with laser photocoagulation, corticosteroids, and anti-VEGF therapy led to the resolution of the schisis cavity 1 year later. This represents the second published account of retinoschisis in the setting of Coats' disease.
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
PMID:Retinoschisis in the setting of Coats' disease. 2463 61

An 82-year-old man presented with acute, painless vision loss in the left eye associated with headaches, jaw claudication, and scalp tenderness. Clinical examination and fluorescein angiography confirmed the diagnosis of a central retinal artery occlusion of the left eye. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the left eye showed paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM), and OCT angiography showed severe attenuation of the deep capillary plexus. This is the first case report of OCT angiography of PAMM associated with central retinal artery occlusion confirming the presence of ischemia of the deep retinal capillary plexus.
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2015 May
PMID:OCT Angiography of Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy Associated With Central Retinal Artery Occlusion and Deep Capillary Ischemia. 2605 63

A case of monocular postoperative hemorrhagic occlusive retinal vasculitis (HORV) after uncomplicated bilateral cataract surgery is described. HORV is a severe syndrome that leads to painless visual loss after uncomplicated cataract surgery. The same surgical procedure was adopted in both eyes except for the use of intracameral vancomycin, which was injected only in the eye that developed HORV. Diffuse retinal ischemia with vascular sheathing and intraretinal hemorrhages were detected during the fourth postoperative day. Despite treatment, the patient developed severe neovascular glaucoma. This case supports the causative role of vancomycin in the pathogenesis of HORV and suggests avoiding it for chemoprophylaxis. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:764-766.].
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2016 08 01
PMID:Hemorrhagic Occlusive Retinal Vasculitis After First Eye Cataract Surgery Without Subsequent Second Eye Involvement. 2754 54

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a well-known pathological hallmark associated with diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and other related retinopathies that ultimately can lead to visual impairment and vision loss. Retinal ischemia pathogenesis involves a cascade of detrimental events that include energy failure, excitotoxic damage, calcium imbalance, oxidative stress, and eventually cell death. Retina for a long time has been known to be an immune privileged site; however, recent investigations reveal that retina, as well as the central nervous system, elicits immunological responses during various stress cues. Stress condition, such as reperfusion of blood supply post-ischemia results in the sequestration of different immune cells, inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, etc., to the ischemic region, which in turn facilitates induction of inflammatory conditions in these tissues. The immunological activation during injury or stress per se is beneficial for repair and maintenance of cellular homeostasis, but whether the associated inflammation is good or bad, during ischemia-reperfusion injury, hitherto remains to be explored. Keeping all these notions in mind, the current review tries to address the immune response and host stress response mechanisms involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury with the focus on the retina.
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PMID:Cellular Stress Response and Immune Signaling in Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. 2782 13


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