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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Platelet indices (PI) -- plateletcrit, mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) -- are a group of derived platelet parameters obtained as a part of the automatic complete blood count. Emerging evidence suggests that PIs may have diagnostic and prognostic value in certain diseases. This study aimed to summarize the current scientific knowledge on the potential role of PIs as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients having emergency, non-traumatic abdominal surgery. In December 2015, we searched Medline/PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar to identify all articles on PIs. Overall, considerable evidence suggests that PIs are altered with acute appendicitis. Although the role of PI in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen remains uncertain, low MPV might be useful in acute appendicitis and acute mesenteric ischemia, with high MPV predicting poor prognosis in acute mesenteric ischemia. The current lack of consistency and technical standards in studies involving PIs should be regarded as a serious limitation to comparing these studies. Further large, multicentre prospective studies concurrently collecting data from different ethnicities and genders are needed before they can be used in routine clinical practice.
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PMID:The use of platelet indices, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width in emergency non-traumatic abdominal surgery: a systematic review. 2734 63

Omental ischemia is a rare cause of acute abdomen. Clinical diagnosis is usually difficult because clinical signs and symptoms are similar to other common causes of abdominal pain. The most common differential diagnosis is acute appendicitis. Diagnosis is mainly based on ultrasound, and especially computed tomography scan analysis. There is, at present, no standard treatment modality for omental ischemia. When diagnosed by radiological imaging, omental ischemia can be managed conservatively. We hereby review incidence, etiology, pathology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, biological anomalies, radiological features, and treatment options of omental ischemia.
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PMID:Omental ischemia. 2761 36

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common etiologies of a surgical abdomen. The lifetime risk is estimated to be 7%. Over 300 000 appendectomies occur annually in the USA. The pathophysiology of appendicitis in most patients is believed to be caused by outflow obstruction of the appendiceal lumen leading to increased intraluminal pressure, venous congestion and mucosal ischemia. This can occur due to a variety of internal obstructive causes such as a fecalith, lymphoid hyperplasia, parasites or a tumor. To date, no case reports describing appendicitis secondary to external compression of the appendix leading to outflow obstruction been documented in the literature. This case report describes a 61-year-old female who had a thick, adhesive band compressing the base of her appendix, which created external outflow obstruction leading to the development of appendicitis.
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PMID:Ischemic appendicitis due to pelvic adhesions: a case report. 3228 Apr 39


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