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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hind legs of dogs were amputated at the middle of the thigh and preserved in three different conditions: in ice water, in a refrigerator, and at room temperature. After 6 or 12 hours of ischemia, recirculation was established. The survival rate of the animals was observed and measurement of limb edema, potassium, pH, and lactate in the blood was performed to study the effects of hypothermia on prevention of "replantation toxemia." Cooling of the amputated limb was effective for prevention of toxemia, and the cooling effect was greater in ice water than in a refrigerator. However, when cooled in ice water, some animals died due to toxemia when the time of ischemia was prolonged to 12 hours. In the dead animals, a close relationship was observed between the developement of toxemia and metabolic acidosis due to the increase in lactate.
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PMID:An experimental study on "replantation toxemia". The effect of hypothermia on an amputated limb. 3 78

In this study, normal nonpregnant, normal full-term pregnant, fasting ketotic and spontaneous pregnancy toxemic guinea pigs were compared to define the mechanism of this disease. In addition to conventional clinical, laboratory and pathologic studies, arterial blood pressure (thoracic and abdominal aortic) measurements and angiography were used. The results showed that in spontaneous cases of pregnancy toxemia, there is an aortic compression just caudal to the renal arteries. This compression reduced the aortic diameter by 22% of prerenal level as compared to 10% for fasting ketotic and normal pregnant guinea pigs. The aortic compression also resulted in a 30% postcompression reduction in blood pressure. No pressure differences were seen in the other groups. The postulated etiology for true toxemia of pregnancy in guinea pigs is, therefore, similar to that of man where aortic compression produces uterine ischemia and the resultant syndrome.
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PMID:True pregnancy toxemia (preeclampsia) in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). 51 17

The author presented his observations of a small group of rabbits to which he administered small doses of dopamine under conditions of warm ischemia (the time between the clamping of the renal artery till the beginning of hypothermic extracorporeal circulation). Another group of rabbits did not receive dopamine. Those rabbits that were given dopamine lived longer and were more resistant to uremia and toxemia. The effect of dopamine lived longer and were more resistant to uremia and toxemia. The effect of dopamine is thought to be due to its vasodilator action on the kidney during periods of hyoxia ad hypotension. The author explained that the kidneys withstood three hours of warm ischemia when treated with dopamine. p.s. This paper is an abstract from the authors dissertation: Protective Action of Dopamine on the Kidney Damaged During Warm Ischemia.
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PMID:[Experimental investigation of the preservation of kidneys damaged during warm ischemia]. 51 30

This presentation reports the light and electron microscopic findings relating to the vascular and glomerular changes in the kidney in a series of 25 patients having malignant hypertension, the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, scleroderma, or toxemia of pregnancy. The pathologic changes were generally similar in each of the diseases studied, the changes being related more to the severity and duration of injury than to the specific disease. Vascular narrowing was due mainly to intimal thickening, and by light microscopy the lesions were categorized as onionskin, mucinous, or fibrous with or without associated elastosis. Intimal erythrocyte extravasation, fibrinoid necrosis, and luminal thrombosis were also seen. Electron microscopy provided additional morphologic information: Myointimal cells were found to be the cellular component in each type of intimal thickening; it was possible to distinguish collagen from large intimal accumulations of basement membrane material; mucinous intimal material was characterized ultrastructurally; and fibrinoid necrosis was identified as a lesion inconstantly associated with cellular necrosis and consisting mainly of fibrinoid material and small deposits of fibrin. It seems likely that there is a common pathogenesis for intimal thickening in a variety of diseases and that this involves endothelial cell damage and increased permeability, leakage of serum and erythrocytes into the intima, and a healing reaction of the vessel wall was developing from migration of smooth muscle cells into the intima with subsequent myointimal cell proliferation and fibrogenesis. A common glomerular change in all diseases studied was a striking accumulation of electron lucent material between the endothelium and the lamina densa of the basement membrane. This lesion was interpreted as a manifestation of acute ischemia.
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PMID:Renal proliferative arteriopathies and associated glomerular changes: a light and electron microscopic study. 98 10

We report a case with focal neurological deficits suggesting vertebro-basilar system ischemia, in the course of pre-eclampsia. An early CT scan showed a large hypodensity throughout the midbrain. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials initially showed an abolition of III and V pikes suggesting brainstem injury. Two days later both neurological examination and brain stem auditory evoked potentials returned to normal. A CT scan performed three weeks after the onset was normal. These findings suggest a vasospasm which may have been due to sympathomimetic agents given two weeks before the onset of toxemia for preterm labor.
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PMID:[Neurologic manifestations in the vertebro-basilar system revealing pregnancy toxemia]. 178 Jun 12

Thirty patients who suffered from ocular involvement caused by toxemia of pregnancy were examined ophthalmologically during the nine-year period between 1980 and 1988 at Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health. The ophthalmoscopic findings were divided into the following five categories: cotton wool patches (CWP), retinal hemorrhages (RH), hard exudates (HE), yellowish opaque foci (YOF) and serous retinal detachments (SRD). Although the first three types of findings were recognized as hypertensive retinopathy (Keith-Wagener III or IV), the last two were recognized as choroidal vascular damage. Based on the frequency of fundus findings, patients were divided into three types: R-type mainly suffered from retinal vascular occlusion (CWP), C-type mainly suffered from choroidal vascular occlusion (YOF, SRD), and R + C-type consisted of mixed vascular occlusion. The maximum systolic blood pressure of C-type patients was significantly lower than that of R-type. The maximum diastolic blood pressure of C-type patients was also significantly lower than those of R-type and R + C-type. There were five C-type cases with systolic blood pressure of less than 160 mmHg in which the choroidal ischemia was concluded not to be hypertensive choroidopathy but a specific alteration characterized by toxemia of pregnancy (hypercoagulopathy).
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PMID:[Retinochoroidal changes in toxemia of pregnancy with the relation to hypertensive retinopathy and choroidopathy]. 223 51

The morphofunctional state of the small intestine was studied on a tourniquet shock model. The development of postischemic toxemia is followed by disorders of microcirculation leading to irreversible changes in the small intestine. The processes are associated with an increase of the proteolytic activity of the intestinal contents. An oral administration of andecaline prevents ischemia of the intestine, contributes to the preservation of its mucosa.
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PMID:[Pancreatic kallikrein, a protector of small intestine damage in post-ischemic toxemia]. 280 24

The acute effect of T-2 toxemia on local blood flow and vascular resistance in hindquarter, mesenteric, and renal vascular beds was continuously measured by the directional pulsed Doppler technique in conscious, male Sprague-Dawley rats. Intravenous injection of T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg) in the conscious rat reduced blood flow and increased vascular resistance in all blood vessels studied but had no significant effect on mean arterial pressure or heart rate. The blood flow in hindquarters gradually decreased to a minimum of -77 +/- 9% (mean +/- SE) 6 hr after the toxin injection. The hindquarter vascular resistance concomitantly increased to a maximum value of +323 +/- 69% above the resistance before toxin administration. Mesenteric and renal blood flow initially increased (slightly) and then gradually decreased. The maximum drop of blood flow, -90 +/- 13% and -76 +/- 13% for the mesenteric and renal vascular beds, respectively, was achieved 4 hr after T-2 toxin injection and the blood flow values remained low for up to 6 hr. Simultaneously with the impairment of blood flow the mesenteric and renal vascular resistance increased to reach the maximal values of +404 +/- 99% and +556 +/- 15%, respectively. In addition, plasma renin activity was markedly elevated (+653 +/- 160%) at the time of reduced renal blood flow. Intravenous injection of the same value of vehicle (10% ethanol in saline) had no significant effect on any of the cardiovascular variables studied. Two of five rats in the T-2 toxin-treated group died within 5 hr after the T-2 toxin injection and only one animal survived 24 hr while all the control animals survived over 24 hr. The results suggest that strong vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle, mesenteric, and renal vascular beds leads to impairment of local blood flow. The ischemia in vital organs together with the earlier reported decrease in cardiac output by T-2 toxin might then be the cause of rapid death in acute T-2 toxemia.
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PMID:Effect of T-2 toxin on regional blood flow and vascular resistance in the conscious rat. 351 54

A method for the continuous recording of uteroplacental blood flow (PBF) in late pregnancies by using 99mTc-albumin has been described. The PBF curve of toxemia of pregnancy has been plotted to indicate small artery spasm in proving ischemic necrosis of placenta. In the PBF of placental insufficiency evidenced by the values for urinary E3, an unfavorable build-up and a delayed build-up time were observed. The pathologic diagnosis showed condensation, fusion and necrosis of villi. In the PBF in which a intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) was caused by placental factors, a sudden change in the PBF was observed showing the presence of an ischemia. In the PBF of pregnancy with diabetes, a large wave pattern change was observed indicating a decrease in the PBF. The pathologic diagnosis showed the fusion, hyalinization and necrosis of villi. The PBF wave patterns were classified into four kinds: normal pattern, angio-spasm pattern, delayed build-up pattern, circulation pattern. It has become clear that these abnormal wave patterns are frequently observed in toxemia of pregnancy, placental insufficiency and pregnancy with diabetes.
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PMID:[Study on placental blood flow in late pregnancy by intravenous 99mTc method]. 402 Feb 5

In replantation surgery, it is widely accepted that replantation toxemia or muscle destruction in replanted limbs might occur after a long time of ischemia. Their possibilities are particularly high after replantation of the amputated limbs which contain more muscle tissue than tendon and bones. The present study was performed to investigate the efficacy of fluorocarbon (FC: artificial blood) perfusion to the amputated limbs in preventing these problems after replantation. The hind limbs of dogs were completely amputated at mid-thigh. Amputated limbs were divided into two groups. One was stored in ice water and the other at room temperature for six hours. Each group was furthermore divided into four subgroups. The amputated limbs were perfused with oxygenated FC or Hartmann's solution before replantation and remaining limbs were not perfused. All of them were replanted under an operating microscope. The results were as follows: Perfusion with FC had an inhibiting effect on the anaerobic metabolism in an amputated limb and also decreased the rate of death due to replantation toxemia. Perfusion with FC was effective for inhibiting leakage of creatine phosphokinase from the replanted limb and preventing muscle destruction. Both these effects were detected biochemically and histologically. The reactive hyperemia of the replanted limb usually occurred after replantation. This rate, however, was significantly decreased after replantation of the amputated limb perfusion with FC. These effects described above were more remarkable when the amputated limb was perfused continuously rather than intermittently. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that for prevention of systemic ill effect after replantation and for preservation of function of the amputated limb, continuous perfusion with FC in ice water is more effective than ice water cooling alone.
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PMID:[An experimental study of the effect of fluorocarbon perfusion for amputated limb preservation. The effect of inhibition for replantation toxemia and muscle tissue destruction]. 647 May 49


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