Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The reports of 8 patients with acute or subacute abdominal pain related to venous mesenteric ischemia were reviewed. None of the patients presented local or regional predisposing factors for venous thrombosis. In 4 patients, a localized segment of ischemic small bowel (median length 125 cm; range: 30-350) was resected without immediate anastomosis and postoperative anticoagulation therapy was given. Two of these patients developed recurrent ischemia involving the bowel adjacent to the stoma, treated successfully in 1 case by a repeat resection. The 4 other patients hospitalized with intestinal obstructive symptoms (1 case) or abdominal angina (3 cases) were treated by long term anticoagulation in 3 cases and artificial nutrition in 2 cases. None of them developed mesenteric infarction with a median follow up of 34 months. In 7 of the 8 patients, a coagulopathy was found: primary myeloproliferative disorder (1 case), hypercoagulation state (5 cases), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (1 case). These observations suggest that venous mesenteric ischemia included two different entities on the basis of clinical and morphological criteria: mesenteric infarction and subacute transient ischemia without bowel infarction. Most of apparently idiopathic cases of acute or subacute venous mesenteric ischemia are related to hypercoagulation states requiring a long term anticoagulation.
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PMID:[Syndromes of venous mesenteric ischemia: infarction and transient ischemia]. 133 Jul 93

Necrotizing dermatitis in patients being treated with cancer chemotherapeutic agents can be of several types. Microbial causes can include a variety of bacteria and fungi, the most common being Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gangrene from occlusive causes is not uncommon among cancer patients with coexisting atheromatous, thromboembolic, or obliterative vascular disease. Toxic gangrene is most commonly caused by extravasation of intravenously administered cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs but has also been associated with the use of coumarin congeners and the bite of the brown recluse spider. Pyoderma gangrenosum is an idiopathic condition that has been reported in association with myeloproliferative disorders. Finally, necrosis can be caused by the neoplasm itself, when its growth is so great that blood vessels are compressed and ischemia of the surrounding tissue results.
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PMID:Necrotizing dermatitis in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. 346 38

Acral ischemia with lividity is a well-described dermatologic sign in the myeloproliferative diseases polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. It has not previously been reported as a sign of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We suggest the term acral lividosis to describe this clinical entity in patients with any myeloproliferative disease. We propose that the pathophysiology of acral lividosis in CML involves occlusion of small blood vessels of the skin by large, nondeformable myeloblasts, a process that has been shown histologically to occur in other organs in patients with CML. This process, called leukostasis, occurs in patients with CML who have over 50.0 X 10(9)/L (50,000/mm3) circulating myeloblasts. Patients manifest cardiorespiratory and central nervous system compromise, a clinical constellation known as the hyperleukocytosis syndrome. Acral lividosis occurred in a patient with CML in whom nearly every organ demonstrated leukostasis on autopsy.
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PMID:Acral lividosis--a sign of myeloproliferative diseases. Hyperleukocytosis syndrome in chronic myelogenous leukemia. 347 43

Our previous observations showed that left ventricular wall motion abnormality (asynergy) induced by stress was observed in the phase response of radionuclide technique, and the severity and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) assessed by the Pujadas score (PS) correlated well with the maximal phase delay response (delta MPD) but not with the ejection fraction response (delta EF) in patients with CAD without old myocardial infarction (MI). This study evaluated the usefulness of EF, MPD and the first-third filling fraction (FF, divided by the volume accrued throughout diastole) at rest and during stress, using ergometer and first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography (RNA), to determine the severity of CAD, and to evaluate any abnormalities in the systolic and diastolic coupling in left ventricular function during stress. Seventy-four patients with significant CAD, including 41 with previous transmural MI (MI group) and 33 without MI (angina group) were the subjects of this study. EF at rest and during stress inversely correlated, and MPD on stress linearly correlated with PS in angina group with PS greater than 10, while no such correlations were found in MI group. A normal EF response (delta EF greater than or equal to 5%) was accompanied by a greater-than-normal response in FF (delta FF) in both groups. A lower EF response was accompanied by a smaller delta FF in angina group, but by a larger delta FF in MI group. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.03), without significant differences by age, PS, peak heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and ischemia on ECG during stress. Resting EF and FF by the RNA method correlated with those by left ventriculography (LVG), respectively. It was suggested that RNA is an accurate method for determining EF and FF, while phase analysis may provide some additional information different from that provided by LVG. We concluded that EF and MPD during stress are as useful as delta MPD with the exception of a few cases in predicting the severity of CAD, and that scar tissue within the ventricular wall in MI may play an important role in determining the ventricular diastolic mechanical property during stress.
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PMID:[Severity and extent of coronary artery disease and their relationship to left ventricular functional reserve in the chronic disease state]. 372 76

Essential thrombocythemia is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder, characterized predominantly by a markedly elevated platelet count without known cause. We report a case that was recognized during investigation of a transient ischemic attack, and review the neurologic findings in 33 patients with unequivocal essential thrombocythemia under prospective study by the Polycythemia Vera Study Group. Twenty-one patients had neurologic manifestations at some point during their course, including headache (13 patients), paresthesiae (10), posterior cerebral circulatory ischemia (9), anterior cerebral circulatory ischemia (6), visual disturbances (6) and epileptic seizures (2). All patients with neurologic symptoms responded satisfactorily to treatment, although continuous or repeated treatment was often required. Therapeutic recommendations include plateletpheresis for major thrombo-hemorrhagic phenomena, or megakaryocyte suppression with radioactive phosphorus, alkylating agents (such as melphalan), or hydroxyurea; minor symptoms may respond to platelet antiaggregating agents.
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PMID:Neurologic manifestations of essential thrombocythemia. 668 92

Platelet aggregation and circulating platelet aggregates (CPAs) were evaluated in 18 patients with myeloproliferative disorders, both with and without thrombocytosis. No specific patterns of platelet aggregation were detected, but 11 of 18 patients demonstrated abnormal aggregation to epinephrine, nine of 18 had abnormal aggregation to adenosine diphosphate, and seven of 18 had abnormal aggregation to collagen. There was no definitive correlation of bleeding episodes with abnormal aggregation. However, significant bleeding was observed in a patient with a platelet count of 1,500,000/cu mm and abnormal aggregation. The aggregation defects persisted despite lowering of platelet count. Evidence of increased circulating platelet aggregates and normal platelet aggregation was seen in two patients, one of whom had transient cerebral ischemic attacks relieved by antiplatelet therapy, with return of the CPA index to normal. In two patients with digital ischemia, claudication, and angiographic evidence of peripheral vascular disease, no laboratory evidence of increased circulating platelet aggregates was observed, but one patient had regression of symptoms with antiplatelet therapy.
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PMID:Abnormal platelet function in myeloproliferative disorders. 689 52

Mesenteric ischemic process can lead to bowel infarction or indolent low-grade ischemia. Inherited thrombophilia represents about 30 to 40% of mesenteric vein thrombosis. Analysis of thromboembolism sites occurring during genetic defect of coagulant factors showed that mesenteric thrombosis is the third localization after lung and legs, in equal incidence with cerebral thrombosis. The genetic defects known to be associated with thrombophilia, as deficiencies of protein C, protein S, antithrombin III, and dysfibrinogenemia, are discussed. A special interest is devoted to resistance to activated protein C. Acquired diseases, as myeloproliferative disease or paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinemia, inducing thrombosis are also discussed. Recent advances in both basic and clinical research have provided new insights that may be integrated into diagnostic and therapeutic practices.
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PMID:[Role of coagulation disorders in mesenteric ischemia]. 929 19

The vascular complications in patients with polycythemia vera are microvascular circulatory disturbances typical of thrombocythemia including erythromelalgia, peripheral ischemia, atypical cerebral ischemic attacks, and major arterial and venous thrombotic events. These are positively related to hematocrits due to the increased red cell mass and its concomitant increased whole blood viscosity. Phlebotomy does not prevent the aspirin-responsive microcirculatory circulation disturbances in polycythemia vera because thrombocythemia (platelet count > 400 x 10(9)/L) persists. The risk of major vascular ischemic episodes in poorly controlled polycythemia vera at hematocrits between 0.45 and 0.50 is rather high. The risk of vascular complications in polycythemia vera is best controlled by maintaining the hematocrit at less than 0.45 and the platelet count below 400 x 10(9)/L. The microvascular syndrome associated with thrombocythemia in early stage polycythemia vera in remission by phlebotomy is easily and best controlled by low-dose aspirin (50 to 100 mg) or by selective reduction of platelet count to normal with low-dose myelosuppressive agents. The potential leukemogenic myelosuppressive agents busulfan and hydroxyurea and the nonleukemogenic cytosine interferon-alpha have proven to be effective in the control of the proliferative phase of polycythemia vera. However, data on the natural history of polycythemia vera and the best treatment modality of the various stages of myeloproliferative disease are still lacking.
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PMID:Erythromelalgia and vascular complications in polycythemia vera. 938 3

Mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT), an uncommon but important clinical entity, is one possible cause of ischemia or infarction of the small intestine. Diagnosis of this condition is sometimes difficult and treatment is often delayed because patients usually present with nonspecific abdominal symptoms. The hallmark is pain that is out of proportion to the physical findings. We report two cases of MVT, where the patients initially presented with vague abdominal symptoms. Diagnosis was made on the basis of computed tomography of the abdomen showing thrombus within the superior mesenteric vein. A search for a precipitating condition revealed no evidence of a hypercoagulable state, myeloproliferative disorder, or malignancy. These cases illustrate well the nonspecific clinical presentation of MVT. A high index of suspicion, recognition of known risk factors, or a previous history of venous thrombosis coupled with a history of nonspecific abdominal symptoms should alert clinicians to the possibility of MVT. Early diagnosis and prompt anticoagulation are the mainstay of therapy unless there are signs of peritonitis that necessitate surgical resection of the infarcted bowel.
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PMID:Mesenteric venous thrombosis: a diagnosis not to be missed! 1099 41

Patients with polycethemia vera (PV) or essential thrombocythemia (ET) are at increased risk of arterial and venous thromboembolic events. Arterial ischemic complications occur in 24 to 43% of these patients, particularly those with cardiovascular risk factors (especially cigarette smoking). Non-atheromatous arterial thrombosis concerns all large and medium-sized vessels, particularly cerebral, limb, coronary and digestive arteries. Extensive complications have been described in patients with lower limb occlusive arteriopathy, particularly stent or bypass thrombosis, critical ischemia. Juvenile myocardial infarction or rapid postangioplasty coronary thrombosis may reveal certain myeloproliferative disorders, particularly ET. Venous thrombosis is more frequent in PV than in ET; superficial or deep venous thromboses are seen. Thromboembolic events occur in about 25-30% of the patients and account for one-third of the deaths. Mesenteric vein thrombosis, portal thrombosis, or suprahepatic vein thrombosis may occur in all myeloproliferative disorders, but the pathogenesis is not fully understood. Pulmonary hypertension may be the consequence of local thrombosis in the pulmonary vasculature or may be due to the high blood flow in the right heart cavities. Microvascular circulatory disturbance includes erythromelalgia, Raynaud's phenomenon, digital ischemia, acrocyanosis, blue toe syndrome, livedo reticularis, cutaneous ulcers or necrotic purpura. All these manifestations may precede the myeloproliferative disorder by several months.
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PMID:[What vascular events suggest a myeloproliferative disorder?]. 1114 2


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