Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With use of semiselective xenon-133 injections and gamma camera recording, myocardial scintigrams were obtained in a series of 20 patients with angina pectoris, abnormal exercise electrocardiograms and normal coronary arteries. Ten patients (Group I) exhibited localized perfusion defects and the other 10 (Group II) a hjemogenous uptake of the tracer. Group I was characterized by more past myocardial infarctions and, most significantly, by male preponderance (P less than 0.001). Computer analysis of regional xenon-133 washout curves revealed that every patient in Group I had a reduced flow rate in the area of the perfusion defect (P less than 0.001). A comparison of this group with 26 patients with similarly abnormal scintigrams but coronary arterial obstruction revealed that myocardial perfusion was 16 to 18 percent greater in the group with normal coronary arteries. In three patients of this group, myocardial perfusion rates were not augmented by atrial pacing in contrast to the response in patients with coronary arterial obstruction. The data demonstrated localized perfusion abnormalities in half of the patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary arteries and constitute evidence that a metabolic disorder is not the sole mechanism for ischemia in this syndrome.
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PMID:Regional myocardial perfusion abnormalities on xenon-133 imaging in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary arteries. 84 56

Relative concentrations of inorganic phosphate [Pi]r, creatine phosphate [CP]r, adenosine triphosphate [ATP]r, and intracellular pH (pHi) were determined by 31P-NMR spectroscopy in the flexores digitorum muscles. The measurements were performed at rest, during bouts of rhythmic exercises at different powers, including one with restricted blood supply, and during recovery. Normal subjects (N) and subjects with previous histories of exercise hyperthermia (EH) were compared. No significant difference was found between N and EH subjects at rest. During exercise [ATP]r was not affected, except in EH subjects exercising under partial muscle ischemia (P less than 0.001); in both N and EH, [CP]r and pHi decreased, and the higher the load the more pronounced the reduction. These changes were significantly larger in EH patients than in N (P less than 0.05), and the differences were dramatically increased by reducing blood supply (P less than 0.001). During recovery, the return to the control values was much slower in EH patients than in N, in particular for pHi after the exercise under partial ischemia. In conclusion, the fact that metabolic disorders are still patent long after the EH occurrence supports the possibility of latent myopathy and of a persistent metabolic disorder. Thus, 31P-NMR spectroscopy could be a useful noninvasive test to detect EH susceptibility in at-risk subjects.
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PMID:Long-term relationship between acute rhabdomyolysis and abnormal high-energy phosphate metabolism potentiated by ischemic exercise. 154 23

An effect on normothermic ischemia on the rat liver metabolism was examined using in vivo 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Energy metabolism was monitored by measuring the ratio of beta-ATP/Pi and changes were compared between two groups, untreated rats (Group A) and rats of which spleens were subcutaneously transposed to perform portosystemic collaterals (Group B). In group A, beta-ATP/Pi reduced to 0.18 after occlusion of both portal vein and hepatic artery for 10 min, and recovered to 0.97 at 120 min after reperfusion was initiated. In the case of 30 minischemia, however, it recovered only to 0.53 even at 120 min after reperfusion. In contrast to group A, it recovered to 0.81 at 120 min after reperfusion following 30 min-ischemia in group B. Furthermore, when 10 min-ischemia was repeated 3 times with intervals of 10 min-perfusion in group B, it recovered to 0.87 as early as 20 min after initiation of reperfusion. These results clearly indicate that the prevention of the portal congestion improves recovery from energy metabolic disorder and, in addition, division of total ischemic time with moderate intermission is effective to diminish the metabolic disorder due to occlusion of both hepatic artery and portal vein. However without the prevention of the portal congestion the effect of division of total ischemic time was significantly reduced.
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PMID:[31P-NMR study on the high energy phosphate metabolism in warm ischemic rat liver caused by hepatic artery and portal vein occlusion]. 204 51

Ischemia and the metabolic disorder it entails would seem to be the pathogenic mechanism behind acute cochlear deafness, irrespective of the triggering process. The prognosis is entirely dependent on the rapid initiation of an effective treatment. At the end of a double-blind therapeutic trial comparing Ginkgo biloba extract and a standard alpha blocker (nicergoline), a significant recovery was observed in both therapeutic groups, but improvement was distinctly better in the Ginkgo biloba group.
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PMID:[Therapeutic trial in acute cochlear deafness. A comparative study of Ginkgo biloba extract and nicergoline]. 294 99

The cerebral protective effect of nizofenone against tissue oxygen deficiency was investigated in mice. Treating mice with nizofenone resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the rate of KCN-induced mortality and significant protection was observed at a dose as low as 0.3 mg/kg (i.p.). The cerebroprotective action of nizofenone was also demonstrated biochemically: Nizofenone (10 mg/kg i.p.) ameliorated KCN-induced anoxic disorder of cerebral energy metabolism, characterized by irreversible depletions of cerebral high energy phosphate stores and glucose concentrations and a marked accumulation of lactate, while keeping the cerebral energy charge potential (ECP) close to its normal value. Nizofenone showed similar effects in another experiment in which cerebral metabolic disorder was induced by complete ischemia following decapitation. These findings suggest that nizofenone has a considerable cerebroprotective action against oxygen deficiency.
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PMID:Brain protection against oxygen deficiency by nizofenone. 336 65

Metabolic disorders due to changes in cytosolic glucose utilisation are suspected to be involved in the increased sensitivity of the aged myocardium to ischemia. This study presents the first direct measurement of glucose utilisation in hearts from senescent rats during low-flow ischemia under different conditions of substrate delivery and glycogen stores. Isolated hearts from young adult (4-months-old) and senescent (24-months-old) rats were subjected to 30 min coronary flow restriction (residual flow rate=2% of control flows). Experiments were performed using glucose-free or glucose-enriched (11 mmol/L) perfusion media. The effects of increased glycogen stores were assessed after 24-h fasting in both age groups. Ischemic contracture was measured via a left-ventricular balloon. Ageing increased ischemic contracture under both conditions of substrate delivery in fed rat hearts. The increase in ischemic tolerance induced by fasting in senescent rat hearts was less than that seen in young rat hearts. Moreover, fasting decreased glucose utilisation in hearts from young rats, an effect which was not found in hearts from old rats. Furthermore, myocardial glycogen utilisation was increased in all groups of aged rats compared with that of young adults, particularly under fasting conditions. It is concluded that fasting is less detrimental to the aged myocardium during low-flow ischemia than to the young myocardium because it does not further reduce exogenous glucose utilisation, and it stimulates glycogen consumption. Moreover, a reduction in exogenous glucose utilisation, which is only partly compensated for by increased glycogenolytic flux could be, at least in part, responsible for the increased ischemic contracture in hearts from old fed rats. Finally, our glucose-free experiments suggest that residual oxidative phosphorylation during low-flow ischemia might be less relevant in hearts from senescent rats than in those from young adults.
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PMID:Effects of fasting and exogenous glucose delivery on cardiac tolerance to low-flow ischemia in adult and senescent rats. 1093 5

A case of parkinsonian syndrome caused by normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) accompanied by cauda equina neurinoma is reported. A 69-year-old woman presented with typical symptoms of parkinsonism, including akinesia, resting and postual tremor, and cog-wheel rigidity. CT scan of the brain revealed dilatation of ventricles, but she did not present dementia and urinary incontinence that are common symptoms in NPH. Her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was normal, and her protein level was high at 2,970 mg/dl. An electroencephalogram (EEG) showed diffuse slow waves. An IMP-SPECT images of the brain showed diffuse reduction of radioisotope uptake. Levodopa was not effective in treating her parkinsonism. Removal of the tumor caused dramatic improvement in her parkinsonism. Her CSF protein level was normalized and EEG and SPECT images were improved after the operation. However, ventricular size on brain CT showed no change. It was considered that the causal mechanism of NPH was due to high protein levels in the CSF. The parkinsonism in this case was caused by dysfunction of the circuits linking the cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus associated with metabolic disorder due to periventricular ischemia. Typical parkinsonism caused by NPH associated with spinal cord tumor has not been reported. When we examine a patient with parkinsonian syndrome caused by NPH, we should check the CSF protein level. And if that level is high, the possibility of spinal cord tumor should be considered.
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PMID:[A case of parkinsonian syndrome caused by normal pressure hydrocephalus accompanied by the cauda equina neurinoma]. 1242 62

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The abnormalities in nutrient metabolism and elevated inflammatory mediators resulting from DM lead to impairment of wound healing and vulnerability to infection and foot ulcers. Diabetic lower limb ischemia often leads to limb necrosis. Lower extremity bypass surgery (LEBS) is indicated to prevent limb loss in patients with critical leg ischemia. This study investigated the alteration of inflammatory and endothelium dysfunction markers before and after LEBS in DM patients. Twenty one type 2 DM patients with LEBS were included. Blood was drawn before and at 1 day and 7 days after surgery in the patients. Plasma soluble cellular adhesion molecule levels and blood leukocyte integrin expressions were measured. Also, plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide were analyzed to evaluate the vascular endothelial function. The results showed that there were no significant differences in plasma cellular adhesion molecules, endothelin-1 and nitric oxide levels, nor did any differences in leukocyte integrin expressions before and after the operation. These results suggest that the efficacy of LEBS on alleviating inflammatory reaction and improving endothelial function in DM patients was not obvious.
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PMID:Effect of lower extremity bypass surgery on inflammatory reaction and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients. 1936 Jan 7

Stenosis of a DVA may result in chronic venous ischemia. We present 6 patients (3 men, 3 women; age range, 30-79 years; mean age, 53 years) with unilateral calcification of the caudate and putamen on noncontrast CT. This calcification typically spared the anterior limb of the internal capsule. No patient presented with symptoms referable to the basal ganglia or had an underlying metabolic disorder or other process associated with calcium deposition. All patients subsequently underwent gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging and/or CTA or conventional angiography demonstrating the presence of an adjacent DVA. We hypothesize that chronic venous ischemia in the drainage territory of the DVA causes the abnormal mineralization. Greater recognition of this entity will prevent misinterpretation of this finding as acute hemorrhage and will prevent unnecessary and sometimes invasive evaluation in such patients. Furthermore, this entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral basal ganglia hyperattenuation.
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PMID:Unilateral calcification of the caudate and putamen: association with underlying developmental venous anomaly. 2063 5

The perfusion of internal organs is affected during cardiac surgery of descending aorta and cross-clamping before (upper) celiac trunk as well as extracorporeal circulation. The aim of study is to investigated methods of decreasing negative effects on intestine perfusion which leads to metabolic disorder. Two groups were studied: 11 patient with epidural anesthesia and 11 patient with pulmonary atrium-femoral bypass. For mesenterial perfusion monitoring was used intraluminal tonometry. 11 patient of control group had significant changes in level of lactate and glucose as well as data of intraluminal tonometry which is evidence of mesenterial ischemia. Same changes were discovered in the group of patient with epidural anesthesia. However group with pulmonary atrium - femoral bypass had minimal metabolic abnormalities similarly to data of tonometry. Above all administrating epidural anesthesia had positive effect in early post operative period and restore intestine motility.
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PMID:[Metabolic disorders as a result of intestine ischemia and it's defensive factors due to aorta prosthetics and cross-clamping of descending aorta before celiac trunk]. 2237 4


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