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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ischemic cardiopathies in Eastern Africans at Djibouti are frequent: 2.9 % of the in patients and 73 % of the cardiac diseases. Male prevalence is marked. Coronary insufficiency is most often demonstrated by the usual symptomatology. Three groups of electrocardiopathic manifestations have been individualised: ischemia proving angor (288 cases), anginose syndromes revealing a myocardic infarct (81 cases), acute myocardic infarcts (62 cases). The patients come for the most part from Djibouti and belong to any social class. The part played by a food mainly constituted of complex glucids, refined sugar and lipids is pointed out. Arterial hypertension, diabetes, essential hypercholesterolemia and tobacco intoxication are the most frequent risk factors. This coronary pathology is closer the one met with in the Near East than ischemic cardiopathies observed in tropical Africa which begin to emerge.
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PMID:[Ischemic cardiopathies in Africans in Djibouti. Study of 431 cases in 5 years]. 58 Sep 20

In a population of 744 diabetics composed mainly of elderly female patients, 172 developed hypertension after the onset of diabetes. Compared to normotensive diabetics, they had an increased prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (p less than 0.001), cerebral accidents, ischemic disorders of the lower limbs and a decreased glomerular filtration rate (p less than 0.05); they are frequently insulin-dependent and difficult to manage. In 173 other indivuals the diabetes emerged several years after the hypertension. This group was characterized by relatively easily controlled blood sugar and increased prevalence of angina and myocardial infarction (p less than 0.001). The association of hypercholesteremia with hypertension increases the risk of coronary disease (p less than 0.02) and, to a lesser degree, of glomerular insufficiency. The prevalence of coronary symptoms increases with obesity (p less than 0.05) while retinopathy increases with insulin dependence (p less than 0.001). From this information it may be concluded that the importance of various risk factors in the diabetic chiefly varies according to the vascular territory involved: cerebral vascular accidents occur mainly in hypertensives, while the presence of retinopathies, proteinuria and peripheral ischemia is directly related to the diabetes and particularly to insulin dependence. The risk of coronary lesions increases considerably when hypertension is added to the diabetes, with an even greater risk in the case of a diabetic, hypertensive, hypercholesterolemic nexus.
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PMID:[Factors of arterial and renal complications in diabetes]. 112 60

The known risk factors for atherosclerosis do not possess the same significance in young people as in the elderly. Hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and cigarette smoking appear to have a greater bearing below the age of 50 than later, particularly in myocardial infarction but also in apoplexy. On the other hand, hypertension is an important factor in the young and, especially in the case of apoplexy, even more so in advanced age. There is marked difference with regard to preexisting heart disease, which scarcely plays a role in myocardial infarction of the younger patient but is a factor in some 50% of hemiplegia cases. Only one fifth of elderly patients with this disease have no preexisting carcdiopathy. The similarity of the risk factors in elderly patients either with or without apoplexy is due to the fact that arteriosclerosis is already established in both groups and the risk factors which give rise to ischemia, thrombosis or embolism assume prominence. The therapeutic implications are briefly discussed.
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PMID:[Risk factors and age]. 113 58

This study was undertaken to study the effects of hyperlipidemia and hypertension on the coronary circulation and on the myocardium of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits. Surgery to induce hypertension by the one-kidney, one-clip technique was performed on the WHHL rabbits at 3 months of age. At 3 and 6 months after surgery, the right and left coronary arteries and the left ventricle and posterior papillary muscle from normotensive and hypertensive animals were assessed. Atherosclerotic involvement was found at the coronary origin in 94% of the arteries evaluated. Lesions were usually confined to the proximal 1-2 mm of the coronary artery. The prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis in the WHHL rabbit was found to be higher than previously reported in rabbits of the same age. Hypertension-induced muscular and vascular changes such as left ventricular hypertrophy, medial thickening of the arteries, and hyaline arteriolosclerosis were found in most of the hypertensive animals. These changes were rarely seen in the normotensive rabbits. Characteristics of ischemia and cell injury such as eosinophilic fibers, fiber vacuolization, and contraction band necrosis were found more often in hypertensive than in normotensive WHHL rabbits. Confluent areas of severe necrosis indicative of myocardial infarction were not found; myocardial damage was diffuse and involved individual cells and small microscopic areas. This model may be valuable in further studies of coronary artery disease and myocardial injury that result from the combination of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension.
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PMID:Effects of hypertension and hyperlipidemia on the myocardium and coronary vasculature of the WHHL rabbit. 138 26

The author analyses distant results of the Polish vascular prostheses implantation to 227 patients with aorto-iliac occlusive disease. Eighty two (29.6%) patients died within 5 years following the operation. Therefore, an analysis of the distant results of therapy included 145 patients. An excellent result was achieved in 20.7% of the treated patients, satisfactory result in 53.9%, no improvement or worsening in 20.7% of cases. Statistically significant relationship between the degree of pre-operative ischemia and outcome of surgery has been noted. Considering blood hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and tobacco smoking prior to and after surgery as risk factors, no statistically significant relationship between the distant result of the treatment and the number of risk factor in a single patient has been observed.
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PMID:[Long-term results of aorto-iliac occlusive disease treatment with implantation of the Polish vascular prosthesis]. 140 58

The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) is a population-based, longitudinal study of coronary heart disease and stroke in adults aged 65 years and older. The main objective of the study is to identify factors related to the onset and course of coronary heart disease and stroke. CHS is designed to determine the importance of conventional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in older adults, and to identify new risk factors in this age group, especially those that may be protective and modifiable. The study design called for enrollment of 1250 men and women in each of four communities: Forsyth County, North Carolina; Sacramento County, California; Washington County, Maryland; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Eligible participants were sampled from Medicare eligibility lists in each area. Extensive physical and laboratory evaluations were performed at baseline to identify the presence and severity of CVD risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and glucose intolerance; subclinical disease such as carotid artery atherosclerosis, left ventricular enlargement, and transient ischemia; and clinically overt CVD. These examinations in CHS permit evaluation of CVD risk factors in older adults, particularly in groups previously under-represented in epidemiologic studies, such as women and the very old. The first of two examination cycles began in June 1989. A second comprehensive examination will be repeated three years later. Periodic interim contacts are scheduled to ascertain and verify the incidence of CVD events, the frequency of recurrent events, and the sequellae of CVD.
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PMID:The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale. 166 7

The aim of our research was to study if cholesterol feeding might affect the ischemic changes in the vessels surrounding infarction foci in Sephadex G-75-induced cerebral ischemia model (SG-75). One hundred-twenty-four rabbits were divided as follows: group I was given standard food for 5 weeks; group II: as group I and then injected with SG-75; group III: standard food plus 1% cholesterol for 5 weeks; and group IV: as group III and then injected with SG-75. Rabbits were sacrificed 3 h, 6 h and 2, 5 and 7 days after ischemia had occurred. Vessels surrounding infarction foci (SIF) were identified by using a 6% carbon perfusion. Samples were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The occurrence of hemorrhagic infarction (HI) showed a clear time/course increase in group II whereas a decrease after 2 days in group IV was observed. The rate of HI was 40% and 20% in group II and IV, respectively. SIF vessels showed red blood cells leakage in group II, whereas multiple platelet thrombi appeared in group IV. This phenomenon caused a more extensive ischemic damage, when compared to group II. By making use of a widely employed model of high cholesterol diet and of a more physiological model of cerebral ischemia devised by us, we have provided the evidence that the hypercholesterolemia-induced changes in the SIF vessels strongly affect the pattern and progression of cerebral ischemia.
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PMID:Influence of high cholesterol feeding on the pattern and progression of experimental cerebral ischemia. 172

Atherosclerotic changes of carotid and lower extremity arteries were studied in the selected industrial population represented by 58 men with arterial hypertension. Affection of peripheral arterial system was detected by means of non-invasive ultrasound methods. Stenoses of carotid arteries were recorded in 19% of cases (11 of 58), stenoses of lower extremity arteries in 7% (4 of 58). Hypertonic individuals did not show neurological symptomatology, including one patients with total occlusion of the arteria carotis interna. One man underwent the attack of cerebrovascular ischemia. Stenoses of lower extremity arteries were also in the subclinical stage and without intermittent claudications. A high number of risk factors of atherosclerosis was found in the series: obesity in 90%, smoking 57%, hypercholesterolemia in 47%. Peripheral arterial changes were associated with combined risk factors (two and more). This indicates their involvement in the origin and development of atherosclerotic lesions.
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PMID:Carotid and lower extremity arterial disease in hypertensions. 183 75

Twenty-five type-1 diabetic uremic patients (14 men, 11 women, mean age forty +/- eleven years, range, nineteen to sixty) were prospectively analyzed for coronary artery disease (CAD) by thallium scan (TLS) before synchronus pancreas and kidney transplantation. Duration of diabetes ranged from ten to thirty-two years (mean twenty-two +/- five). Fifteen patients (60%) were in dialysis from two to sixty months (mean twenty +/- eighteen). Advanced diabetic degenerative complications were present in all patients. Twenty exercise and five pharmacologic thallium scans were performed. Forty-four percent of patients (6 men, 5 women, mean age forty-two +/- eleven years, range, twenty-six to sixty) had a positive (reversible or permanent defects) TLS. In 2/11 cases, severe CAD required further cardiac investigations for therapeutic management decision. A statistical correlation with resting ECG nonspecific ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities was observed (p less than 0.05) despite the absence of angor in 8 of the 11 patients. On the contrary, no statistical correlations were found regarding high blood pressure, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, duration of diabetes, and duration of dialysis. In this particular diabetic population (young age, male/female ratio = 1.2) with high incidence of silent ischemia, resting ECG repolarization abnormalities, though predictive, were not specific or prognostic of CAD severity; in these cases, exercise and pharmacologic TLS, a noninvasive and sensitive cardiovascular test, may be of great interest in diagnosis of CAD, allowing adequate cardiac management before, during, and after pancreas transplantation.
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PMID:Assessment of coronary artery disease by thallium scan in type-1 diabetic uremic patients awaiting combined pancreas and renal transplantation. 201 21

Myocardial ischemia usually presents with chest pain, the characteristics of which are well known. However, anginal pain may be absent during true ischemia, an entity known as painless or silent myocardial ischemia. Does this type of ischemia have special clinical, angiographic or ergometric characteristics after posterior myocardial infarction (MI)? In order to answer this question 183 consecutive patients with recent posterior MI who had undergone coronary angiography and who had positive exercise stress tests on bicycle ergometers were separated into two groups depending on whether they had experienced at least one episode of pain after the acute phase of myocardial infarction or during the exercise stress test (Group S: 83 patients, average age 54 +/- 10 years) or not (Group A: 100 patients, average 54 +/- 8 years). The following parameters were commoner in Group A: cigarette smoking, heart rate and load developed during exercise stress testing provoking electrical signs of ischemia, single vessel disease on coronary angiography, long-term medical treatment. On the other hand, the following parameters were statistically more frequent in Group S: hypercholesterolemia, preinfarction angina, degree of ST depression during exercise testing, reperfusion of the distal vessels of the occluded artery responsible for the infarct by a collateral circulation, triple vessel disease and surgical treatment. However long-term follow-up (average 3 years) shows that mortality and recurrence of MI are similar in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Painless myocardial ischemia. Comparison of 2 groups of patients with a positive exercise test after myocardial infarction]. 212 30


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