Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS) is a sporadic neurocutaneous disorder that consists of epidermal nevi and congenital anomalies involving the brain and other systems. From among over 60 patients with ENS presenting with neurologic manifestations, we identified 17 who had hemimegalencephaly based on pathologic or radiologic studies. Associated brain and neurologic abnormalities included gyral malformations in 12 of 12, mental retardation in 13 of 14, seizures in 16 of 17 (including 9 with infantile spasms), and contralateral hemiparesis in 7 of 12. All had ipsilateral epidermal nevi of the head, and several had ipsilateral facial hemihypertrophy. We concluded that these abnormalities comprise a recognizable neurologic variant of ENS that we believe represents the full expression of primary brain involvement. Several patients also had evidence of acquired brain lesions such as infarcts, atrophy, porencephaly, and calcifications, which are best explained by prior ischemia or hemorrhage. Given repeated observations of blood vessel anomalies in ENS patients, we hypothesize that underlying vascular dysplasia predisposes to these acquired lesions. The same cause may be invoked to explain the wide variety of neurologic symptoms reported in ENS patients without hemimegalencephaly. While the cause of ENS remains unknown, several observations suggest a somatic mutation.
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PMID:Epidermal nevus syndrome: a neurologic variant with hemimegalencephaly, gyral malformation, mental retardation, seizures, and facial hemihypertrophy. 199 73

A 3-year-old child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) developed an acute hypertensive encephalopathy characterized by coma, focal seizures, right hemiparesis, global aphasia and cortical blindness. Episodic hypertension and seizures persisted for 24 h despite intervention with antihypertensive and anticonvulsant therapy. Clinical suspicion of cortical blindness was confirmed by visual-evoked potential studies. CT scans performed 14 and 21 days after the acute episode demonstrated symmetric occipital white matter lucencies compatible with ischemia and/or associated edema. Hypertensive encephalopathy with cortical blindness and symmetric white matter hypodense lesions visualized on CT scan have recently also been described in eclampsia of pregnancy. This report documents an unusual acute hypertensive encephalopathy in childhood MCNS, unassociated with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, or progressive focal glomerulosclerosis.
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PMID:Acute hypertensive encephalopathy in minimal change nephrotic syndrome. 225 60

A 73-year-old man was admitted complaining of violent involuntary movement in the left upper and lower extremities. He had a ten-year history of hypertension and had had a left thalamic hemorrhage 6 years before admission. On neurological examination Horner's sign in the right eye, typical hemiballism in the left extremities and right hemiparesis, which was caused by the previous left thalamic hemorrhage, were observed. CT scan and MRI revealed recent hemorrhage in the right subthalamic nucleus. Haloperidol, tiapride and diazepam were administered to ameliorate the ballism, but they had to be reduced in amount because of the development of parkinsonism. Two months after onset, when there was still moderate ballism, he suffocated due to a swallowing disturbance. After two hours' coma, consciousness returned gradually. Twenty-four hours after suffocation, the neurological examination revealed normal consciousness and no deterioration in other neurological symptoms, but the ballism had almost disappeared without medication. No change was detected in MRI findings and the blood flows in the basal ganglia before and after suffocation. It is interesting that transient hypoxia due to suffocation reduced hemiballism in this patient without neuroradiological findings of ischemia in the basal ganglia. The mechanisms of reduction of hemiballism after transient hypoxia were discussed.
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PMID:[Improvement in hemiballism after transient hypoxia in a case of subthalamic hemorrhage]. 225 25

The authors report a case of brain abscess following cerebral infarction. A 73-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with symptoms of right hemiparesis and total aphasia. CT scan revealed abnormal low density area in the left fronto-temporo-parietal region. Cerebral angiography demonstrated occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery at the M1 portion. On the 16th hospital day, an episode of generalized seizure with high fever appeared, and intermittent high fever persisted thereafter. Two months after admission, CT scan revealed several cystic lesions with marked ring enhancement at the site of cerebral infarction, suggesting multiple abscesses. Aspirations of left frontal and parietal abscesses were accomplished and the cultures of the pus disclosed Proteus vulgaris. Due to progressive hydrocephalus, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was constructed one month later. Repeated CT scans showed a gradual diminution of the abscesses. It is considered that the blood-brain barrier is broken and the local immunological system against bacteria may be weakened when the brain is damaged by ischemia. Brain abscess seems to be developed in such circumstances even under the influence of transient bacteremia which originates in other parts of the body. Therefore the possibility of cerebral abscess should be suspected if patients with cerebral infarction suffer from the symptoms such as fever, neck stiffness or disturbance of consciousness.
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PMID:[Brain abscess following cerebral infarction: a case report]. 267 75

Intravascular navigation with nondetachable balloons is a safe, effective method of treatment for inaccessible aneurysms of the internal carotid artery. The rate of ischemic complications is lower than that associated with carotid ligation, and the rate of subsequent hemorrhage is lower than that associated with either carotid ligation or direct clipping. Therefore, for many internal carotid artery aneurysms that originate at or proximal to the ophthalmic artery, the nondetachable balloon technique is an alternative treatment choice. During a 7-year period, 21 aneurysms of the internal carotid artery were treated by the nondetachable balloon technique. All 21 aneurysms were successfully excluded from the circulatory system by either proximal occlusion or trapping of the aneurysm neck. This series consisted of 8 carotid-ophthalmic artery aneurysms, 11 carotid-cavernous aneurysms (6 spontaneous, 5 traumatic), 1 petrous segment aneurysm, and 1 cervical segment aneurysm. At 3 years of follow-up, the following incidences were noted: transient ischemia, 4.7%; infarction, 9.6%; and hemorrhage, 0%. The complications were 1 case of transient hemiparesis and 2 late ischemic events. Fifty per cent of the patients underwent follow-up computed tomography, and thrombosis of the aneurysm was confirmed in all except one case, which was partially thrombosed.
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PMID:Management of inoperable cerebral aneurysms by the navigational balloon technique. 295 73

A case of moyamoya disease associated with the persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PTA) is reported. 5 such cases reported in literature are reviewed. A 16-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic, having complained of right hemiparesis for 8 years. CT scan revealed multiple low density areas in the left frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. In left carotid angiogram, the internal carotid artery was occluded at the C3 portion and basal moyamoya (stage IV) was found. In right carotid angiogram, the internal carotid artery was occluded at the C3 portion and basal moyamoya (stage V) was found. Furthermore the persistent primitive trigeminal artery was seen with marked moyamoya vessels from the posterior cerebral artery. In vertebral angiogram, the posterior cerebral artery was seen bilaterally with moyamoya vessels. In 133Xe-rCBF study, compared with the mean flow in each hemisphere, the flow decreased at the temporal lobe, but, in contrast, increased at the parieto-occipital lobes. Reviewing the literature, the following conclusions are suggested. 1. Persistent primitive trigeminal artery will promote the stage of moyamoya disease. 2. It will protect the brain from hemorrhage and/or ischemia in moyamoya disease.
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PMID:[Moyamoya disease associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery--a case report and review of literature]. 306 Jul 54

A case of aneurysm of the extracranial internal carotid artery treated by aneurysmal neck resection and end-to-end anastomosis of the internal carotid artery under the administration of Sendai Cocktail, which is composed of 20% mannitol solution, dexamethasone and vitamin E and has brain protective effects from ischemia. The patient, a 55-year-old man, was admitted to Yonezawa City Hospital on October 11, 1984, with chief complaints of transient consciousness disturbance and left hemiparesis. On admission, no neurological deficit was found but pulsatile fixed mass was found in the right submandibular region. CT scan revealed multiple low density areas in the right cerebral hemisphere and right upper cervical mass, which was enhanced in a part. Right carotid angiography revealed aneurysm of the extracranial internal carotid artery. On October 31, 1984, operation was performed. In the operative procedure, it needed temporary occlusion of the right carotid artery for 143 minutes and 14 minutes, because the aneurysm severely adhered to surrounding tissue and extended to the skull base. Collateral circulation through the circle of Willis was poor in this case but ischemic complication was not found. On November 20, 1984, he discharged without neurological deficit. Postoperative angiography, one year after the operation, showed good flow through the site the primary end-to-end anastomosis.
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PMID:[Aneurysm of the extracranial internal carotid artery treated by neck resection and end-to-end anastomosis under the administration of brain protective substances]. 312 11

Short latency SEP were investigated in 140 patients suffering from various cerebrovascular ischemic disease (CVD). CCT,AR and number of cortical phases of each stimulation side, as well as AR left to right side (AR l/r) were correlated to patient's age and sex, to diagnosis and vascular supply, to clinical symptoms, duration between stroke and investigation, SPECT, TCT and EEG. Significant correlations were found between CCT and diagnosis, vascular supply, clinical symptoms, duration, SPECT and TCT findings. CCT was prolonged in patients with completed stroke, MID, ischemia of the A.C.M., sensomotor hemiparesis or monoparesis of the upper extremity and lesions in SPECT and TCT located within thalamus and/or postcentral gyrus. Decreased perfusion in SPECT was only of statistical significance when it was combined with clinical symptoms and/or lesions in TCT. Significant correlations were found between AR l/r and all variables except age and sex. Differences in sub-groups corresponded to those found for the CCT. AR was lower at the affected side. Deviations of AR were also found in patients with focal lesions both in the EEG and in the TCT. Significant correlations were found between number of phases, clinical findings and SPECT, but no correlation was seen to TCT. Patients with CVD showed significant abnormalities of CCT and AR only in cases presenting neurological deficit and structural lesion in TCT. The abnormalities were more prominent in patients with an interval stroke-investigation over one year. No abnormalities were seen in patients with reversible symptomatology investigated after cessation of symptoms. A direct correlation may be suspected between number of phases and tracer uptake in SPECT.
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PMID:[Early somatosensory evoked potentials in cerebrovascular ischemic diseases. III. Correlations with age, sex, clinical data, EEG, emission and transmission computed tomography]. 313 95

Sixteen cases of vascular headache of the migraine type are referred in whom marked neurological manifestations occurred in a unilateral distribution as part of a migraine attack ("complicated migraine"). The neurologic disorders observed, in order of frequency, include 10 cases of motor hemiparesis, 3 cases of unilateral cerebellar syndrome, 1 case of sensory-motor hemiparesis and 1 case showing signs of the involvement of the motor nuclei of the bulb. The recovery of the motor, sensory, cerebellar and brainstem defects was very slow (average duration: 44.25 days; mode: 14 days) in twelve cases. Two patients showed residual neurological signs respectively after 1 and 7 years from the migraine attack. The patients histories indicate classic or common migraine with a relatively high frequency (80% of the patients experienced one or more crises per month). The most of cases (75%) were female patients. The patients, at time of the attack of complicated migraine, had a mean age years of 32. In ten cases first-grade relatives suffered from classic or common migraine; in no case was there any report of associated or complicated migraine among the relatives. In 4 of the 16 cases the CT scan showed an area of hypodensity consistent to the region of the brain expected to be suffering in view of the clinical type of neurological defect. The Authors take into consideration the controversial relation between complicated migraine with slow or incomplete resolution of neurologic signs and focal brain ischemia due to atherothrombotic infarct, pointing out that the present state of knowledge prevents the reaching of final conclusions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Migraine crisis and neurological focal signs of slow or absent resolution (complicated migraine)]. 333 Jun 26

Regional changes in adenine nucleotides in the rat brain were studied after 1 h of ischemia produced by the embolization method. The animals were divided into three groups according to neurological symptoms: sham-operation group, group A (hemiparesis only), and group B (hemiparesis with unconsciousness). Marked ATP depletion was detected in the hippocampus on the embolized side and extended to the other regions on the same side in group B. The results suggest that this damage in regional energy metabolism arises from regional reduction in blood flow and/or tissue vulnerability. ATP levels in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and striatum on the opposite side of embolization decreased markedly in group B, and may be caused by extension of brain edema or diaschisis.
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PMID:Regional changes in the cellular level of adenine nucleotides in ischemic rat brain subjected to single embolization. 337 98


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