Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ninety-three percent of eyes that develop neovascular glaucoma (NVG) following central retinal vein obstruction (CRVO) have an ischemic index greater than 50%. An ischemic index (percentage of retinal capillary nonperfusion) of 50% represents approximately 10 disc areas of retinal ischemia as determined by computer analysis of standard 30 degrees fluorescein angiograms. The difficulties of following patients clinically and angiographically at frequent intervals over extended periods of time, and the tendency for iris neovascularization (NVI) to develop and to progress rapidly to NVG with painful loss of vision emphasizes the importance of early recognition and treatment of high-risk eyes. In this prospective study (1976--81), 100 consecutive eyes with an ischemic CRVO pattern (average ischemic index 82%) received early argon laser panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and none developed NVG unless another ischemic event occurred following treatment. Prophylactic PRP in high-risk ischemic CRVO eyes appears to eliminate virtually the devastating complications of NVG.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy of panretinal photocoagulation in preventing neovascular glaucoma following ischemic central retinal vein obstruction. 688 19

Six consecutive patients with early Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis (FHC) were examined with anterior segment 10% fluorescein sodium angiography. Anterior segment perfusion defects and iris vasculature leakage were seen in all patients. Chronic anterior segment ischemia may be an integral feature of FHC, which predisposes these eyes to rubeosis and, in some cases, to neovascular glaucoma.
 ...
PMID:Anterior segment ischemia in Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis. 718 15

A 67-year-old diabetic man suffered from right neovascular glaucoma following the ipsilateral cataract surgery. Three years later, he underwent left cataract surgery and again developed left neovascular glaucoma after the operation. Fluorescein angiogram showed a marked delay in retinal circulation. Moreover, severe stenosis of bilateral carotid origins and reflux of bilateral ophthalmic arteries were ascertained by neurosonographical examination such as duplex cervical echography and transcranial Doppler, as well as an angiogram. Brain imaging demonstrated asymptomatic watershed infarction in the left parieto-occipital cortex. Chronic ocular ischemia caused by carotid stenosis is one of the decisive risk factors for secondary glaucoma after cataract surgery. Preoperative neurosonographical screening tests are required to decrease ocular surgery complications, especially in the aged, and diabetic patients.
 ...
PMID:[A diabetic patient with bilateral carotid stenosis who developed neovascular glaucoma following cataract surgery]. 856 40

Three cases of the neovascular glaucoma with signs of the chronic ocular ischemia in the occlusive disease of the arteria carotis (communis or interna) document the unfavorable prognosis of the disease. None of the patients was submitted to the carotis surgery. The visual acuity of the first patient decreased to 2/60. The eye of the second patient became blind and the third patient died after the second stroke.
 ...
PMID:[Neovascular glaucoma with ocular ischemic syndrome]. 859 10

We described a 67-year-old right handed man with a left internal carotid artery occlusion, who developed monocular photopsia that supervened neovascular glaucoma. He had an antecedent transient motor aphasia. His photopsia, exaggerated by light, persisted intermittently. Orbital bruit was obtained on the left, more clearly during the photopsia. Brain MRI, cerebral angiography, and duplex sonography of carotid and ophthalmic arteries indicated left internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion with collateral circulation through the ophthalmic artery. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) revealed a prechiasmal disturbance of the optic pathway of the left side. The patient had carotid endarterectomy of the left ICA, and his visual disturbance has gradually improved. Ocular symptoms due to ICA ischemia are commonly transient visual loss with dark background known as amaurosis fugax. Neovascular glaucoma is sometimes complicated with carotid artery occlusion. However, photopsia associated with carotid artery occlusion is rare. Photopsia mimics scintillating scotomata, but the latter precedes migraine and is biocular and homonymous, ascribable to spreading depression from the occipital lobe. Retinal or prechiasmal optic pathway might be influenced by poor circulation of the ophthalmic artery. In addition, disturbance of light adaptation due to retinal hypoperfusion may be possible reason. Neovascular glaucoma is intractable, once developed. Therefore, atypical scintillating visual disturbance must be recognized as a sign of carotid artery insufficiency and supervened glaucoma to prevent it.
 ...
PMID:[Monocular photopsia preceding with neovascular glaucoma due to internal carotid artery occlusion; a case report]. 874 54

A 75-year-old man suffered from right neovascular glaucoma following ipsilateral cataract surgery. Cerebral angiogram showed occlusion of the right internal carotid artery and the steal phenomenon of right ophthalmic artery. Chronic ocular ischemia caused by carotid occlusion and ophthalmic artery steal phenomenon is one of the decisive risk factors for secondary glaucoma after cataract surgery.
 ...
PMID:[Neovascular glaucoma following cataract surgery--a case report]. 1058 30

Neovascular glaucoma is a dreadful pathology with a rapid spontaneous evolution responsible for painful and blind eye. The main cause is an anterior neovascular proliferation following a broad retinal ischemia. Early diagnosis and treatment are required in order to maintain a good visual status and a satisfactory IOP control with medical, surgical or cylodestructive procedures. In any case, the treatment of the retinal ischemia has to be performed. One must keep in mind that the most efficient way to avoid the incidence of neovascular glaucoma is a strict control of clinical situations potentially responsible for retinal ischemia, namely VRO in elderly patients and diabetic retinopathy in younger patients.
 ...
PMID:[Consensus on neovascular glaucoma]. 1074 59

Acute retinal vascular occlusive disorders collectively constitute one of the major causes of blindness or seriously impaired vision, and yet there is marked controversy on their pathogeneses, clinical features and particularly their management. This is because the subject is plagued by multiple misconceptions. These include that: (i) various acute retinal vascular occlusions represent a single disease; (ii) estimation of visual acuity alone provides all the information necessary to evaluate visual function; (iii) retinal venous occlusions are a single clinical entity; (iv) retinal vein occlusion is essentially a disease of the elderly and is not seen in the young; (v) central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is one disease; (vi) fluorescein fundus angiography is the best test to differentiate ischemic from nonischemic CRVO; (vii) the site of occlusion in CRVO is invariably at the lamina cribrosa; (viii) clinical picture of CRVO is often due to compression or strangulation of the central retinal vein (CRV) in the lamina cribrosa and not its occlusion; (ix) an eye can develop both CRVO and central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) simultaneously; (x) every eye with CRVO is at risk of developing neovascular glaucoma; (xi) lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) helps to improve retinal circulation in an eye with CRVO; (xii) every patient with retinal vein occlusion should have complete hematologic and coagulation evaluation; (xiii) the natural history of CRVO does not usually involve spontaneous visual improvement; (xiv) management of CRVO is similar to that of venous thrombosis anywhere else in the body, i.e. with aspirin and/or anti-coagulants; (xv) fibrinolytic agents can dissolve an organized thrombus in the CRV; (xvi) it is beneficial to lower blood pressure in patients with CRVO; (xvii) panretinal photocoagulation used in ischemic retinal venous occlusive disorders has no deleterious side-effects; (xviii) glaucoma or ocular hypertension can cause branch retinal vein occlusion; (xix) branch retinal vein occlusion can cause neovascular glaucoma; (xx) in eyes with CRAO, the artery is usually not completely occluded; (xxi) CRAO is always either embolic or thrombotic in origin; (xxii) amaurosis fugax is always due to retinal ischemia secondary to transient retinal arterial embolism; (xxiii) asymptomatic plaque(s) in retinal arteries do not require a detailed evaluation; (xxiv) retinal function can improve even when acute retinal ischemia due to CRAO has lasted for 20h or more; (xxv) CRAO, like ischemic CRVO, can result in development of ocular neovascularization; (xxvi) panretinal photocoagulation is needed for "disc neovascularization" in CRAO; (xxvii) fibrinolytic agents are the treatment of choice in CRAO; (xxviii) there is no chance of an eye with retinal arterial occlusion having spontaneous visual improvement; (xxix) absence of any abnormality on Doppler evaluation of the carotid artery or echography of the heart always rules out those sites as the source of embolism; and (xxx) absence of an embolus in the retinal artery means the occlusion was not caused by an embolus. The major cause of all these misconceptions is the lack of a proper understanding of basic scientific facts related to the various diseases. The objective of this paper is to discuss these misconceptions, based on these scientific facts, to clarify the understanding of these blinding disorders, and to place their management on a rational, scientific basis.
 ...
PMID:Prevalent misconceptions about acute retinal vascular occlusive disorders. 1584 46

Neovascular glaucoma is a severe eye disorder classified as a secondary glaucoma and the most common of this type of disease. It is caused by a number of ocular and systemic conditions, which share the common element of retinal ischemia/hypoxia that initiates the subsequent release of angiogenesis factors. The most common causes of neovascular glaucoma are diabetic retinopathy and the occlusion of central retinal vein, of carotid artery, and of central retinal artery. More rarely, neovascular glaucoma can be secondary to eye tumors, traumas and uveitis. The present article reviews the stages of angiogenesis, forms of neovascularization and the clinical stages of the disease. Differential diagnosis is made and modern treatment of neovascular glaucoma is reviewed: treatment of iris neovascularisation, of extensive neovascular glaucoma and of end-stage neovascular glaucoma. Being a disease with poor prognosis, neovascular glaucoma should be well known not only by ophthalmologists but also by general practitioners, endocrinologists, neurologists, rheumatologist, and cardiologists. Only a timely diagnosis and adequate treatment can assure patients that they will preserve their vision and/or eye for a longer time.
 ...
PMID:Neovascular glaucoma. 1654 43

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) has been applied in exponentially increasing frequency for various intraocular neovascular and edematous diseases, including diabetic macular edema, proliferating diabetic retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and chronic prephthisical ocular hypotony as complication of the surgical treatment of diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic macular edema, the edema may almost completely resolve, and visual acuity may increase as much as macular ischemia and the tissue destruction by the diabetic process may allow. For proliferative diabetic retinopathy and neovascular glaucoma, investigations have suggested an antiangiogenic effect of IVTA. Using a side effect of IVTA, i.e. steroid-induced elevation of intraocular pressure, IVTA may be applied for the therapy of chronic prephthisical ocular hypotony due to an insufficiency of the ciliary body as consequence of a surgical treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The complications of IVTA include secondary ocular hypertension in about 40% of the eyes, medically uncontrollable high intraocular pressure leading to antiglaucomatous surgery in about 1-2%, posterior subcapsular cataract and nuclear cataract leading to cataract surgery in about 15-20%, especially in elderly patients within 1 year after injection, postoperative infectious endophthalmitis with a rate of about 1:500 or 1:1,000, noninfectious endophthalmitis, and pseudo-endophthalmitis. IVTA can be combined with other intraocular surgeries including cataract surgery, particularly in eyes with iris neovascularization due to diabetic retinopathy. Cataract surgery performed some months after the injection does not show a markedly elevated rate of complications. If vision increases and eventually decreases after an IVTA injection, the injection can be repeated. The duration of the effect of a single IVTA is dosage dependent (about 6-9 months with 20 mg, and about 2-4 months with 4 mg).
 ...
PMID:Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic retinopathy. 1724 81


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>