Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Esophageal infarction or acute necrotizing esophagitis is a rare condition that has a dramatic endoscopic appearance of a "black esophagus." The esophageal involvement can vary from the distal third to the total esophagus. Excluding corrosive injury and other well-known rare causes of black esophagus, the etiology of this condition is unknown. Ischemia due to hypoperfusion state is thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis. The treatment is supportive with acid suppression and gastrointestinal rest. Mortality is high due to comorbid conditions.
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PMID:Esophageal infarction. 1729 65

Black esophagus, or acute necrotizing esophagitis, is a blackening of the esophagus that is usually distal with a sharp demarcation at the gastroesophageal border. Black esophagus is known to the gastroenterology community; however, to our knowledge it is virtually unknown in the pathology literature with only a single instance described in 1967. It is thought to occur as a poorly elucidated ischemic phenomenon. We report a case of black esophagus in a 45-year-old woman with a history of cocaine and alcohol abuse who was found unresponsive after a vague 2-day illness. On autopsy examination, the esophagus was black with ischemic necrosis of the mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis propria including a diffuse acute inflammatory infiltrate and brown pigmentation limited to the mucosa. Positive periodic acid-Schiff and negative iron stains suggest that the pigment is lipofuscin, likely secondary to ischemia.
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PMID:A case of black esophagus with histopathologic description and characterization. 2212 75

Emphysematous gastritis is a rare form of gastritis characterized by gaseous dissection of the stomach wall usually secondary to invasion by gas forming organisms, corrosive ingestion, trauma, or gastric infarction. We report a unique case of emphysematous gastritis secondary to ulcerative esophagitis without an underlying history of trauma, ischemia, or ingestion of corrosive agents. The patient responded well to conservative management. Emphysematous gastritis is a deadly infectious disease. Early recognition and management are crucial as there is no specific approach to treatment despite advances in medical science.
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PMID:Emphysematous gastritis associated with ulcerative esophagitis. 2219 69

An 82-year-old woman with a history of bronchiectasis for 20 years was admitted to our hospital with anorexia and diarrhea. Sigmoidoscopy showed multiple mucosal erythematous areas and erosions. Histologic examination with Congo red stain revealed massive amyloid deposition around the submucosal vessels as well as in the parenchyma of the mucosa and submucosa. With immunohistochemistry, the diagnosis of secondary/reactive AA amyloidosis was confirmed. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated diffuse dark brown mucosa, establishing the diagnosis of acute necrotizing esophagitis. Ischemia associated with amyloid deposition of the vessels in the esophagus was considered to be a possible etiology of acute necrotizing esophagitis. Additionally, gastric outlet obstruction and gastroesophageal reflux associated with gastroduodenal erosions caused by amyloid deposition were supposed to be another factor. Amyloid deposition in the esophageal mucosa may cause a reduction in mucosal defense that is responsible for the pathogenesis. We report the first case of acute necrotizing esophagitis associated with amyloidosis.
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PMID:[Case of acute necrotizing esophagitis associated with AA amyloidosis secondary to bronchiectasis]. 2450 Mar 18

Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG), a rare condition in which gas accumulates in the portal venous circulation, is often associated with a significant underlying pathology, such as intestinal ischemia, sepsis, and trauma. HPVG after endoscopy or dilation is an unusual complication. We report a case of HPVG following upper endoscopy and dilation for an esophageal stricture in a 34-year-old patient with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). The patient was treated conservatively, and his symptoms resolved. Follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan showed resolution of HPVG. This case highlights a rare and potentially ominous complication of upper endoscopy and dilation and underscores the role of conservative management.
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PMID:Hepatic Portal Venous Gas: An Unusual Complication Following Upper Endoscopy and Dilation. 2615 50

Acute Necrotizing Esophagitis is an uncommon pathology, characterized by endoscopic finding of diffuse black coloration in esophageal mucosa and histological presence of necrosis in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The first case of acute necrotizing esophagitis followed by duodenal necrosis, in 81 years old woman with a positive history of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and usual intake of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs, is reported. Although its etiology remains unknown, the duodenal necrosis suggests that ischemia could be the main cause given that the branches off the celiac axis provide common blood supply to the distal esophageal and duodenal tissue. The massive gastroesophagic reflux and NSAID intake could be involved.
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PMID:Acute Necrotizing Esophagitis Followed by Duodenal Necrosis. 2795 30

The plastic hardener methyl ethyl ketone peroxide is unstable peroxide that releases free oxygen radicals. Ingestion of this compound induces widespread liver necrosis, severe metabolic acidosis, corrosive esophagitis and gastritis, that is often fatal. A 49-year-old man unintentionally ingested approximately 100 mL (55%) of this compound in solution, which was purchased as plastic hardener. Despite resuscitation, he died about 11 hours after admission. We report a patient with poisoning due to methyl ethyl ketone peroxide who presented with corrosive esophagitis and gastritis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and developed ischemia of the bowel and necrosis of the liver and died of severe metabolic acidosis and multiorgan failure.
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PMID:A case of severe corrosive esophagitis, gastritis, and liver necrosis caused by ingestion of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. 2816 33

Acute esophageal necrosis, also known as black esophagus or acute necrotizing esophagitis is a rare condition with roughly 154 cases reported in the literature. This condition is classically diagnosed on its endoscopic findings of a circumferentially black esophagus that abruptly ends at the gastroesophageal junction and transitions to normal gastric mucosa. When present, acute esophageal necrosis potentially signifies a poor prognosis with an overall mortality up to 36%. This case report describes a critically ill patient with multiple comorbidities that was found to have acute esophageal necrosis the entire length of the esophagus secondary to ischemia/hypoperfusion that was caused by diabetic ketoacidosis. The patient had a prolonged hospitalization but was ultimately discharged in stable condition. We also review the literature of this rare esophageal condition.
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PMID:Acute esophageal necrosis: A rare case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding from diabetic ketoacidosis. 3267 May 36

Perforated acute necrotizing esophagitis is a condition with several proposed etiological factors, hypothesized to be caused by weakened mucosal defence mechanisms and hemodynamic insult, leading to subsequent ischemia. We present a patient with acute necrotizing esophagitis, where underlying cardiovascular comorbidity and patient delay serve as potential contributing causal factors to the perforation. To prevent subsequent circulo-respiratory collapse and multi-organ failure, emergency esophagectomy was required, given that control of persistent leakage and mediastinitis was unlikely if managed conservatively.
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PMID:[Acute necrotizing esophagitis - a rare condition that may lead to life-threatening perforation of the esophagus]. 3296 85


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