Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 73 year old woman presenting with an acute abdomen was diagnosed as having phlegmonous enteritis after microscopic examination revealed the characteristic finding of a diffuse suppurative inflammation limited to the submucosa in the resected ileal segment. Culture of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the microscopic demonstration of gram positive cocci and gram negative rods confirmed the bacterial etiology of this disease. There was no evidence of mucosal injury in this patient, but the possible role of ischemia secondary to atherosclerotic vascular disease cannot be assessed. Because of the associated high morbidity and mortality, phlegmonous enteritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen.
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PMID:[Phlegmonous enteritis--a rare cause of acute abdomen]. 194 74

We retrospectively analyzed the small bowel radiographies, performed by enteroclysis in 73 patients presenting a malabsorption disease. The etiology are: celiac disease (44 cases), abetalipoprotidemia (2 cases), Whipple's disease (7 cases), mastocytosis (1 case), amyloidosis (1 case), ischemia enteritis (4 cases), radiation injury (4 cases), lymphangiectasia (4 cases), Crohn's disease (4 cases) and NH lymphoma (2 cases). With enteroclysis, the radiological diagnosis of malabsorption disease is improved and it is able to differentiate malabsorption diseases based on radiological features: increased or decreased number of folds (celiac disease, mastocytosis, abetalipoprotidemia), nodularity of folds (Whipple's disease) and wall thickness (amyloidosis, lymphangiectasia, ischemic enteritis and radiation injury). It is no possible to differentiate NH lymphoma from Crohn's disease.
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PMID:[Enteroclysis in malabsorption syndrome in adults. Apropos of 73 cases]. 273 73

Diffuse mucosal granularity was reported recently in small bowel Crohn's disease. The radiographic appearance corresponded on histopathologic examination to villous hypertrophy, fusion, or epithelial bridge formation. We have observed similar granularity in Crohn's disease but also in several other conditions, including radiation enteritis, pancreatic glucagonoma, protein-losing enteropathy, and small bowel ischemia. Histopathologic examination demonstrated various alterations in villous morphology, such as edema, hyperplasia, clubbing, or fusion. In Crohn's disease, this appearance was sometimes an indication of early inflammatory disease but was also seen following extensive small bowel resection, possibly due to villous enlargement resulting from intestinal adaptation. These findings suggest that granular mucosa in the small bowel is a nonspecific finding reflecting an alteration in villous structure.
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PMID:Granular small bowel mucosa: a reflection of villous abnormality. 359 39

An homogeneous series of 238 double contrast examinations of the small bowel were reviewed. In this study, 32 regional enteritis (RE) were encountered. Statement of different semiologic signs of RE was established. This study exhibited various signs in RE; some of them were observed in various other enteritis (mainly tumors, ischemia and variation enteritis). Sensitivity varies between 6 and 84%. Highest values are noted with ulcerations, nodules, narrowing of the lumen wall. Specificity and predictive values vary from 64% to 100%. The best results are obtained with graduate lesions, fistulae, skipped area and cobblestone. Only graduate lesions are really pathognomonical but uncommon lesions. Analysis of double contrast small bowel examination has to be compared with the whole medical report in order to improve diagnosis accuracy.
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PMID:[Evaluation of elementary radiologic images of Crohn's ileitis. Retrospective study of a homogeneous series of 238 double-contrast transits in the small intestine]. 380 74

Thirty-five postmortem cases of non-occlusive ischemia of the intestine are studied. Five groups are distinguished on the basis of leading pathogenetic factors. Angiospasm and alterations of the blood rheological properties are the main mechanisms in the development of non-occlusive intestinal ischemia, the morphological features of which are segmental necroses and more frequent localization in the ileum. Clinico-morphological analyses and a thorough bacteriological examination are necessary for the differential diagnosis of non-occlusive intestinal ischemia, enteritis and colitis.
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PMID:[Pathomorphology and pathogenesis of acute non-occlusive intestinal ischemia]. 633 14

Cytomegalovirus disease is an opportunistic infection that is seen in patients with inmunodeficiencies. The group most commonly affected are AIDS and transplanted patients. Only a few cases of cytomegalovirus disease in non-immunocompromised patients have been reported. In localized disease, the gastrointestinal tract is the most frequently affected. We report two cases of acute abdomen caused by cytomegalovirus enteritis and colitis (histopathological diagnosis) without any underlying immune disorder. The role that the cytomegalovirus infection might play in the development of the clinical manifestations in these two cases is discussed. Without an established immunodeficiency we must be careful to attribute to cytomegalovirus infection the direct responsibility of the lesions. In the reported cases, the existence of intestinal ischemia is more than just a clinical hypothesis and pathological examination is inconclusive. The absence of an immunocompromised state, the presentation as an acute abdomen and the clinical course forwards intestinal occlusion in the first case are not characteristic of cytomegalovirus enteritis and colitis. We conclude that the two reported cases are in fact an ischemic enteritis upon which cytomegalovirus enteritis and colitis was superimposed, an association that has not been reported before.
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PMID:[Cytomegalovirus enteritis and colitis in nonimmunodepressed patients, a primary disease or superinfection?]. 798 12

A 15-year-old girl with ischemic stricture of the jejunum, probably due to microangiopathy caused by diabetes mellitus is presented. Laparotomy revealed two circular strictures in the proximal jejunum, and histology showed ischemic enteritis with ulceration, granulation with microvascular proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, marked fibrosis, and hemosiderin deposition. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus often causes ketoacidosis, increased blood viscosity and platelet aggregation, dehydration in addition to hyperglycemia, and occasionally results in occlusive or non-occlusive vascular disease of the intestine. Ischemic stricture of the bowel in the diabetic state is probably related to moderate ischemia resulting in ulceration and scar formation in the intestine.
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PMID:Ischemic jejunal stricture developing after diabetic coma in a girl: a case report. 832 18

Eight tests of hemostasis were measured in 233 horses with colic. Blood samples were obtained at admission and for 4 consecutive days of hospitalization. Data were analyzed retrospectively by outcome, by broad-category diagnosis group, by small intestinal disorder, and by smaller categories for comparing specific diseases. Nonsurviving horses and horses with the most severe forms of intestinal ischemia had changes interpreted as hypercoagulative, the intensity of which was increased on the first and second mornings (sample times 2 and 3) after admission, when most significant differences for results of specific tests were detected. Nonsurvivors had decreased antithrombin III activity and prolonged prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times; those with strangulating obstructions also had decreased protein C and plasminogen activities. During hospitalization and with survival, these changes tended to reverse. In most horses, regardless of diagnosis or outcome, concentration of fibrin degradation products and fibrinogen, and alpha 2-antiplasmin activity increased over time. Whether these changes reflected specific effects of colic or of the acute-phase response was not determined. In comparisons of small intestinal disorders (proximal enteritis, strangulations, and impactions), diagnostically distinguishing features were not found. Likewise, in comparisons of specific diseases (small vs large intestinal impaction, proximal enteritis vs colitis, small vs large intestinal obstruction), diagnostically distinguishing features were not found.
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PMID:Analysis of hemostasis in horses with colic. 840 38

Ischemia of the intestine predominantly affects the small bowel and colon, and may ensue from a variety of causes, ranging from radiation enteritis to the use of drugs that affect the intestinal vasculature. Gut ischemia has historically been thought of as "large-vessel" disease, but microcirculatory pathology and ischemia-reperfusion injury is increasingly being implicated in gut infections and even in chronic idiopathic inflammatory processes involving the gut, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal inflammation: focus on the vascular endothelium. 851 34

Acute segmental enteritis, also called "enteritis necroticans" is characterized by nonocclusive intestinal ischemia in the absence of any precipitating cause. We studied 30 such patients over a 5.5-year period. All patients had acute abdominal symptoms requiring emergency laparotomy, and in only 30% was a preoperative diagnosis of segmental enteritis proposed. The jejunum alone (63.3%), or with the ileum (26.7%), was the most common site of necrotic patches (86.7%), frank gangrene (50.0%), free perforation (36.7%), and circumferential dusky lesions (30.0%). Twenty-eight patients required resection of the affected bowel. Specimen angiography in two cases showed normal mesenteric vasculature. In 12 patients, a detailed microbiological profile from peritoneal fluid, intestinal contents, and intestinal wall was performed, but Clostridium welchii was isolated from none. The resected intestinal specimens showed mucosal ulceration, submucosal edema, mixed inflammatory infiltrate, and patchy necrosis of the muscularis propria. The intramural vessels were patent in all cases. Wound-related complications occurred in 14, pulmonary complications in 14, renal failure in eight, and fecal fistulas in five; 23.3% died.
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PMID:Segmental enteritis: "enteritis necroticans". A clinicopathologic study. 877 86


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