Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to produce syringomyelia, localized arachnoiditis was created in adult New Zealand albino rabbits and Wistar rats by the injection of kaolin into the thoracic spinal subarachnoid space and incision of the dura mater of the thoracic spinal cord. The rabbits and rats were divided into 3 groups; the control group, dural incision group (DG) and kaolin injection group (KG). Each rabbit was sacrificed at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after the operation. Each rat was sacrificed at 8 and 16 weeks after the operation. Cavity formation in the cord of all rabbits was examined by ultrasound. All animals were perfused with 10% neutral beffered formalin at 150 cm H2O pressure, and histological examination was performed with Luxol fast blue (LFB) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains. Results obtained: (1) Cavity formation was noted in 6 of 16 DG of rabbit (37.5%), 5 of 16 KG of rabbit (31.2%) and 2 of 9 KG of rat (22.2%) with histological verification. With use of ultrasound, cavity was noted in 3 of 16 DG rabbits (12.5%) and 2 of 16 KG rabbits (18.8%). (2) Cavity formation was present in the cord adjacent to the marked adhesive arachnoiditis both in rabbits and in rats. (3) Cavity was noted in the ischemic area. (4) In 2 rabbits in which kaolin encircled whole surface of the spinal cord, hydromyelia was formed communicating with enlarged central canal caudad from the kaolin subarachnoid block. (5) Histological examination showed obliteration or narrowing of lumen of the small pial vessels involved in the adhesive arachnoiditis. In the cord parenchyma adjacent to the arachnoiditis, multiple spots of demyelination due secondary to ischemia demonstrated by LFB stain were noted. On the other hand, in the cord with the pia-arachnoid remained uninvolved, no demyelination was observed. (6) Localized adhesive arachnoiditis consisted of proliferation of fibrous tissue, lymphocytic infiltration and obliterating processes of small pial vessels involved in it. These data suggest that the cavitation within the cord would be induced by the ischemia, and hydromyelia would be produced by the pressure dissociation between the spinal subarachnoid space and the central canal.
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PMID:[Experimental syringomyelia in rabbits and rats after localized spinal arachnoiditis]. 129 32

Left ventricular (LV) cavity obliteration during dobutamine echocardiography (DE) indicates a vigorous inotropic response to stress. Such a response may suggest the absence of coronary artery disease (CAD), but a small LV cavity may also preclude recognition of wall motion abnormalities. We sought to determine the frequency, correlates, accuracy, and prognostic value of the LV cavity obliteration response in 336 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography within 1 year of DE. Cavity obliteration was defined by contact of the opposite walls in the apical views during DE, and ischemia by detection of a new or worsening wall motion abnormality. Sensitivity was based on comparison with coronary anatomy in 220 patients without prior revascularization. The prognostic implications of cavity obliteration were examined by follow-up of 324 patients (96%) over 23 +/- 9 months for death, myocardial infarction, and late revascularization. Cavity obliteration was present in 86 of the 336 DE studies (26%). Baseline and stress hemodynamics were not predictive of cavity obliteration, which was associated with LV hypertrophy and female gender (p <0.0001), and inversely related to LV systolic dysfunction and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or diuretics (p <0.02). The sensitivity of DE was less in patients with cavity obliteration than the remainder, especially in single vessel (46% vs 92%, p <0.001) but also in multivessel CAD (73% vs 95%, p = 0.01). Irrespective of DE and angiographic results, cavity obliteration was a negative predictor for cardiac events (RR 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21 to 0.87, p = 0.02) and death (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02 to 1.09, p = 0.06). Even after exclusion of patients with LV dysfunction, cavity obliteration was an independent predictor of freedom from events (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.88, p = 0.02). Thus, LV cavity obliteration is a frequent response to DE, which compromises the sensitivity of DE but is correlated paradoxically with a favorable clinical outcome.
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PMID:Diagnostic and prognostic implications of left ventricular cavity obliteration response to dobutamine echocardiography. 963 70

The characteristics and outcomes of resected adenocarcinoma with cavity formation were studied in 7 cases, which were 14.9% of all 47 resected adenocarcinomas in the past three years. Tumor size was less than 3 cm in diameter in 3 cases, 3 to 5 cm in 2 and more than 5 cm in 2. Cavities were multiple in 4 cases and single in 3. Cavities were divided into 4 types pathologically. 1. Central necrosis type: central ischemia was suspected. This type was observed in 2 cases that died due to cancer. 2. Cancer cell lining type: the inner wall of the cavity was lined by viable cancer cells without necrosis. The cause of this type may be detachment of the central portion of a papillary growth tumor without necrosis. One of three patients died from cancer. The others are alive without recurrence. 3. Bronchial expansion type: the inner wall was composed of cancer cells and bronchus. This may be caused by ectatic change of peripheral bronchi following tumor invasion to more central bronchi. One of this type of case died due to myocardial infarction. 4. Alveolar expansion type: the inner wall was composed of cancer cells and alveoli. Detachment of destroyed alveoli or invasion along the wall of cavities of a honeycomb lung was suspected as a possible cause. One of this type of case is alive. Cavity formation can occur in adenocarcinoma even when the tumor is small. However there were few inflammatory related findings in adenocarcinoma with cavity formation. The outcome of the central necrosis type was especially poor, suggesting rapid tumor growth.
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PMID:Cavitating adenocarcinoma of the lung. 966 Sep 14

Dental caries is a common public health problem, causing early loss of dental pulp and resultant tooth loss. Dental pulp has important functions to sustain teeth providing nutrient and oxygen supply, innervation, reactionary/reparative dentin formation and immune response. Regeneration of pulp is an unmet need in endodontic therapy, and angiogenesis/vasculogenesis and neurogenesis are critical for pulp regeneration. Permanent and deciduous pulp tissue is easily available from teeth after extraction without ethical issues and has potential for clinical use. In this review, we introduce some stem cell subfractions, CD31(-)/CD146(-) SP cells and CD105(+) cells with high angiogenic and neurogenic potential, derived from human adult dental pulp tissue. Potential utility of these cells is addressed as a source of cells for treatment of cerebral and limb ischemia and pulp inflammation complete with angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.
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PMID:Human dental pulp stem cells with highly angiogenic and neurogenic potential for possible use in pulp regeneration. 1989 87

Imaging blood flow or oxygenation changes using optical techniques is useful for monitoring cortical activity in healthy subjects as well as in diseased states such as stroke or epilepsy. However, in order to gain a better understanding of hemodynamics in conscious, freely moving animals, these techniques must be implemented in a small scale, portable design that is adaptable to a wearable format. We demonstrate a novel system which combines the two techniques of laser speckle contrast imaging and intrinsic optical signal imaging simultaneously, using compact laser sources, to monitor induced cortical ischemia in a full field format with high temporal acquisition rates. We further demonstrate the advantages of using combined measurements of speckle contrast and oxygenation to establish absolute flow velocities, as well as to statistically distinguish between veins and arteries. We accomplish this system using coherence reduction techniques applied to Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) operating at 680, 795 and 850 nm. This system uses minimal optical components and can easily be adapted into a portable format for continuous monitoring of cortical hemodynamics.
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PMID:Rapid monitoring of cerebral ischemia dynamics using laser-based optical imaging of blood oxygenation and flow. 2257 65

Progressive systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by gradual deposition of abnormal collagen which causes fibrous changes of the skin and visceral organs such as lung, heart, and kidney, which lead to serious complication. Microangiopathy and firm skin cause extrinsic pressure and obliteration of the vessels that lead to ischemia and destruction of the underlying bone. Salivary gland fibrosis causes xerostomia that increases risk of dental caries. Therefore, oral hygiene instruction (OHI) and preventive dentistry are recommended for these patients. We present a 36-year-old female that suffers from systemic sclerosis with total lysis of the mandibular condyle.
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PMID:Severe osteolysis of the mandibular angle and total condylolysis in progressive systemic sclerosis. 2438 14

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with several microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. The pathogenesis of these complications is complex, and involves metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and immune dysfunction. These disturbances initiate several damaging processes, such as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammation, and ischemia. These processes mainly exert their damaging effect on endothelial and nerve cells, hence the susceptibility of densely vascularized and innervated sites, such as the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Since the oral cavity is also highly vascularized and innervated, oral complications can be expected as well. The relationship between DM and oral diseases has received considerable attention in the past few decades. However, most studies only focus on periodontitis, and still approach DM from the limited perspective of elevated blood glucose levels only. In this review, we will assess other potential oral complications as well, including: dental caries, dry mouth, oral mucosal lesions, oral cancer, taste disturbances, temporomandibular disorders, burning mouth syndrome, apical periodontitis, and peri-implant diseases. Each oral complication will be briefly introduced, followed by an assessment of the literature studying epidemiological associations with DM. We will also elaborate on pathogenic mechanisms that might explain associations between DM and oral complications. To do so, we aim to expand our perspective of DM by not only considering elevated blood glucose levels, but also including literature about the other important pathogenic mechanisms, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and immune dysfunction.
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PMID:Evaluating All Potential Oral Complications of Diabetes Mellitus. 3096