Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Central retinal artery occlusion occurs most commonly between the ages of 50 and 70 years, and nearly one-half (45%) of patients also have carotid artery disease. Other causes of vision-threatening vascular disease include atherosclerosis, embolism, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and valvular disease. Symptoms vary, depending on the ocular structures involved. The patient's symptoms are an important clue to the diagnosis of peripheral or posterior retinal vascular occlusion, macular blood vessel disease, intravitreal hemorrhage, optic nerve ischemia, and ocular ischemic syndrome. The patient's ocular symptoms should lead to investigation for clinical signs of ocular vascular disease (eg, hemorrhage, "hard" or "soft" exudates, neovascularization, retinal edema, pallor, emboli, vessel narrowing, or atriovenous crossing changes).
 ...
PMID:Ocular vascular disease: in-office primary care diagnosis. 843 37

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) causes severe visual loss in affected eye and vision does not recover in more than 90% of the patients. It is believed that it occurs by occlusion of the central retinal artery with small emboli from atherosclerotic plaque of internal cerebral artery. Retina is a part of the brain, thus basically CRAO is corresponding to acute occlusion of intracerebral artery and retinal ischemia is to cerebral stroke. Therefore, intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) has been considered as a treatment method in CRAO. Recently, we treated 2 patients diagnosed as CRAO and could achieve complete recanalization on fundus fluorescein angiogram with IAT. Of them, one recovered visual acuity to 20/25. We report our 2 CRAO cases treated with IAT and discuss technical aspects for IAT and management of patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Korean report of IAT for CRAO.
 ...
PMID:Intra-arterial thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion: two cases report. 2051 26

The authors present a case of a 16-year-old boy who sought treatment in Storm Eye Institute for orbital cellulitis complicated by central retinal artery occlusion. He was examined for severe signs of orbital cellulitis, including decreased vision and an afferent pupillary defect. Intravenous antibiotics failed to provide timely improvement, and the patient was surgically managed with endoscopic orbital decompression. An ocular examination under anesthesia revealed retinal ischemia in the affected eye, and fluorescein angiography confirmed the diagnosis of central retinal artery occlusion. The patient's vision improved slightly following resolution of the infection. Central retinal artery occlusion is a rare complication of orbital cellulitis in adults and has yet to be reported in the pediatric population.
 ...
PMID:Orbital cellulitis complicated by central retinal artery occlusion. 2312 36

Acute transient or permanent retinal occlusive disease requires prompt medical attention and can be an ophthalmological emergency. Central retinal artery occlusion leads to permanent and severe monocular visual loss in the majority of patients. Transient monocular vision loss leaves no permanent deficits, but requires the same level of clinical vigilance, as it portends possible future adverse events, including loss of vision and stroke. Acute treatment options remain limited, and secondary prevention of cerebral ischemic events is the mainstay of management. This article reviews the current evidence for managing patients with retinal ischemia.
 ...
PMID:Management of Transient Monocular Vision Loss and Retinal Artery Occlusions. 2778 Mar 99

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a medical emergency that, if not treated, may result in irreversible loss of vision. It continues to be an important cause for acute painless loss of vision. Amaurosis fugax or "transient CRAO" has long been considered an equivalent of transient cerebral ischemic event. Animal models, in addition to data from retrospective and randomized clinical studies, provide valuable insights into the time interval for irreversible retinal ischemia. Subset analyses from 2 large studies of patients with CRAO show benefit from treatment with thrombolysis within 6 hours from symptoms onset. Significant workflow improvements after the intra-arterial therapy trials for acute ischemic stroke have occurred world over in last 5 years. Patients with CRAO are uniquely suited to receive maximum benefits from the changes in workflow for treatment of patient's acute ischemic stroke. Just as in clinical triage of acute ischemic stroke, correct and timely diagnosis of patients with CRAO may help in preventing visual loss. The approach to acute ocular ischemia should mimic that used for acute brain ischemia. Comprehensive stroke centers would be ideal triage centers for these patients in view of availability of multidisciplinary participation from vascular neurology, neuroendovascular surgery, and ophthalmology. Time is Retina!
 ...
PMID:Is Management of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion the Next Frontier in Cerebrovascular Diseases? 3061 37

In this case, we demonstrate the ability of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging to localize retinal ischemia in a patient with acute vision loss. MRI is widely used for the evaluation of acute stroke, but there has only been one other case report showing the ability of DWI to rapidly localize retinal pathology, including central retinal artery occlusion [1]. Central retinal artery occlusion is an ocular emergency presenting with acute, painless loss of vision as a result of retinal ischemia. This case demonstrates the role of diffusion weighted imaging as an adjunctive test in the prompt diagnosis and management of central retinal artery occlusion. As the technology improves, we anticipate diffusion weighted imaging will become more sensitive for the identification of acute retinal ischemia and other retinal pathologies.
 ...
PMID:Demonstration of acute retinal ischemia on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging. 3181 39

Ischemic retinopathies represent a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. They include diabetic retinopathy (DR), acute glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and central (or branch) retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). These conditions share in common a period of ischemia or reduced blood supply to the retinal tissue that eventually leads to neuronal degeneration. Similarly, acute brain injury from ischemia or trauma leads to neurodegeneration and can have devastating consequences in patients with stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI). In all of these conditions, current treatment strategies are limited by their lack of effectiveness, adverse effects or short time window for administration. Therefore, there is a great need to identify new therapies for acute central nervous system (CNS) injury. In this brief review article, we focus on the pathway of the arginase enzyme as a novel therapeutic target for acute CNS injury. We review the recent work on the role of arginase enzyme and its downstream components in neuroprotection in both retina and brain acute injury models. Delineating the similarities and differences between the role of arginase in the retina and brain neurodegeneration will allow for better understanding of the role of arginase in CNS disorders. This will also facilitate repurposing the arginase pathway as a new therapeutic target in both retina and brain diseases.
 ...
PMID:Arginase Pathway in Acute Retina and Brain Injury: Therapeutic Opportunities and Unexplored Avenues. 3225 57

Central retinal artery occlusion represents a vision-threatening entity in those presenting with monocular painless vision loss, especially in the elderly and those with cardiovascular comorbidities. While confirmation of this diagnosis requires consultation with an ophthalmologist, prompt recognition is the crucial action of the emergency physician to help reverse retinal ischemia and save vision. Here we describe the case of a central retinal artery occlusion identified on point-of-care ocular ultrasound and confirmed by fluorescein angiography.
 ...
PMID:Novel Application of Point-of-Care Ocular Ultrasound in a Left Central Retinal Artery Occlusion. 3237 66