Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four drugs that inhibit platelet function have been evaluated for their antithrombotic effects in humans. These are aspirin, dipyridamole, hydroxychloroquine and sulphinpyrazone. Aspirin has been shown to reduce the number of transient ischemic attacks (TIA), stroke and death in patients with multiple TIA. The reduction in TIA was greatest in males who were normotensive and when there was an angiographically demonstrated lesion in the carotid artery that accounted for the symptoms. Aspirin reduced venous thrombosis and non-fatal and fatal pulmonary embolism in patients after surgery for fractured hip and after elective hip replacement. There is evidence that the prophylactic effect of aspirin may be greater in male patients. Aspirin reduced the frequency of arteriovenous shunt thrombosis. Aspirin abolished symptoms in patients with peripheral ischemia associated with thrombocytosis and spontaneous platelet aggregation. There is no conclusive evidence at the present time that aspirin is effective in patients with coronary artery artery disease. Dipyridamole in combination with oral anticoagulants is effective in reducing the frequency of systemic embolism in patients with prosthetic heart valve replacement but is ineffective in patients with transient cerebral ischemic attacks or for the prevention of venous thromboembolism. Hydroxychloroquine was effective in reducing postoperative venous thrombosis in patients undergoing general abdominothoracic surgery but the evidence that it was effective in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery is inconclusive. Sulphinpyrazone may be effective in reducing the frequency of sudden cardiac deaths in patients in the first year after myocardial infarction when it is started within 25 to 35 days after the infarction. Sulphinpyrazone reduced the incidence of arteriovenous shunt thrombosis in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis and in combination with anticoagulants, it reduced the frequency of recurrent venous thrombosis. There have been no large scale trials of platelet suppressant drugs in clinical cancer and successful treatment of thromboembolic disorders cannot be used to predict success in the treatment of malignant disease.
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PMID:Antithrombotic effects of drugs which suppress platelet function: their potential in prevention growth of tumour cells. 705 Oct 35

Three cases of stenosis of a Roux loop are presented, following the replacement of the lower third of the esophagus resected for cancer. In each case fibrotic stenosis developed 6 weeks after reconstruction, which was attributed to ischemia: in one case it was due to reduced blood flow during digitalization and in the other two cases to the vascular compression of the supplying vessels because of unsatisfactory dilatation of the hiatus.
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PMID:Ischemic stricture of the intrathoracic roux loop used for esophagoplasty. 710 90

A histological classification of resorbed bone is reported in this paper. The materials used were 426 human bones in autopsy and surgical cases, ranging from 3-month-od fetus to 95-year-old. The resorbed bones were divided into osteoclasis (osteoclastic resorption) and osteolysis (non-osteoclastic resorption). Osteoclasis was observed in the cases of development, growth, active stage of granulation tissue, and inflammation, and some cases of malignant tumor invasion. Osteolysis was observed in the cases of senile atrophy, osteoporosis, ischemia, radiation damage, hormonal and chemical effects, non-active stage of granulation tissue and inflammation, and some cases of malignant tumor invasion. Based on these findings, human resorbed bones can be classified into three histological types: rapid, slow, and static. Such a classification could be certified through the results of animal experiments. A possibility exists that osteoclasis occurs in rapid resorption and osteolysis is in slow and static resorption. Furthermore, it is suggested that osteoclasis is passive resorption and osteolysis is autolysis.
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PMID:Histological classification of resorbed bone. 713 93

It was shown on the DS-carcinosarcoma of rat that NAD-induced blood pressure reduction to 50% of the initial value is followed by a selective compression ischemia in the tumor tissue. In this period that can be prolonged to at least 10 min by infusion of NAD the microcirculation in the tumor tissue is almost completely inhibited. Determinations of the blood volume confirm the results obtained bei O. D. measurements. The significance of this finding and its eventual utilization (cancer therapy) are discussed.
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PMID:[Selective inhibition of microcirculation in tumor tissue by manipulated blood pressure reduction]. 714 10

Tissue contents of NADPH and NADP+ were measured in freeze-clamped samples of normal rat liver and in four transplantable rat hepatomas covering a wide range of growth rates. Lowry cycling procedures were employed for analysis, using alkaline extracts for NADPH and acid extracts for NADP+. The mean NADPH content in 33 normal livers was 515 nmol/g wet weight, and mean NADP+ content was 311 nmol/g wet weight. In the four hepatomas, the amounts of both NADPH and NADP+ were low, and the extent of decrease correlated with tumor growth rate. In the slowly growing hepatoma 9618A, total NADP was slightly decreased (63% control) and more extensive decreases were observed in the medium growth rate tumors 47C and 8999 (38% and 19%, respectively, of control). In the rapidly growing hepatoma 3924A, total NADP was drastically decreased to 3% of the control liver value. Measurement of NADPH and NADP+ recovery from extracts of hepatoma 3924A showed that there were no inhibitors that might have blocked the activity of the assay enzymes. The NADPH/NADP+ ratio was close to the normal liver value in all four hepatomas. A 30-sec period of ischemia did not cause significant change in NADPH, but gave 33% decrease in liver NADP+. A 5-min period of ischemia decreased NADP+ to 50% of the zero-time value in liver, and to 71% in hepatoma 3924A, but was without effect on NADPH.
Cancer Biochem Biophys 1982
PMID:Decreased content of reduced and oxidized nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate in rat hepatomas. 715 Oct 32

Local destruction of malignant growths was achieved rapidly by creating around their cells a strongly hypertonic environment. Various hexoses, injected in and around tumors at 37 degrees, were utilized to produce the osmotic disturbance. Homeostatic correction of the osmotic disturbance was prevented by local ischemia, induced by vasoconstriction, and maintained soon afterwards by thrombosis. Of the few vasoactive agents tested for this purpose, serotonin was the safest and most effective. It worked better when mixed with the hexose than when injected separately s.c. at a distance. The best response to treatment was obtained from tumors which were unattached to deep structures, poorly vascularized, and resistant to an increase of internal pressure, whereas special precautions had to be taken with friable neoplasms to avoid dissemination of metastases. Under certain conditions, by causing acute tumor necrosis, a single treatment achieved a high ratio of cure; in which a favorable immune response to dramatic reduction of tumor burden and to resorbed lysed material perhaps played a part.
Cancer Res 1981 Dec
PMID:Influence of various hexoses and vasoactive agents on osmotically induced oncolysis. 730 7

This study was aimed at assessing the MR patterns of transient osteoporosis of the hip and, consequently, the role of MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up of this condition. Even though this condition was originally observed in pregnant women, young or middle-aged men are most frequently affected. There is a spontaneous onset of pain, usually progressing over several weeks. The patients have no risk factors for osteonecrosis; they may have a history of minor trauma and there is a possible relationship to the third trimester of pregnancy. Laboratory values are negative. Pain may be severe enough to cause the patient to limp and to impair joint function. The possible causes of transient osteoporosis have been debated by many authors and include trauma, synovitis, neurovascular dysfunction and transient or reversible ischemia. Transient osteoporosis is a self-limiting disease which does not require surgical treatment. The differential diagnosis of transient osteoporosis of the hip is very important because this condition may simulate cancer, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis or avascular necrosis. We report the initial and follow-up features of transient osteoporosis of the hip on the MR images of 6 patients (M/F = 5/1; age: 37-49 years, mean: 41.8 years). The right side was involved in 3 patients, the left side in 2 patients. The patient with bilateral transient osteoporosis was a woman in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. In all patients, MRI was performed with an 0.5 T MR unit. The MR changes in our 6 patients were rather uniform and included heterogeneous decrease in the signal intensity of the affected bone marrow on T1-weighted images and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR images, with no evidence of focal lesions. This pattern is known as the "bone marrow edema" (BME) pattern. All the patients received conservative treatment. The clinical symptoms and the MR abnormalities regressed completely within 6-10 months, with no late sequelae. To conclude, this follow-up MR study demonstrates the transient, reversible character of transient osteoporosis of the hip. Until the natural history of the BME pattern is better understood, we suggest a conservative management of this condition, especially in the patients with no risk factors for osteonecrosis. Radiographic and MR follow-up is recommended.
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PMID:[Transient osteoporosis of the hip in magnetic resonance imaging]. 750 20

A complex interplay of peptides known as the cytokines may have a tremendous influence over a number of inflammatory related conditions. Tumor necrosis factor occupies an early and central role in the initiation of cascades that ultimately influences a number of cell types involved in tissue inflammation, tissue rejection, cancer, and injuries from ischemia reperfusion. Only now are the cascades being defined and therapies being designed to interrupt the toxic effects of these cytokines and to treat malignancy.
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PMID:The macrophage, TNF, and other cytokines. 753 21

Chemotherapy drugs have been reported to cause cardiac side effects including cardiomyopathy, ischemia, arrhythmias, and myocardial necrosis. Most important in terms of daily practice is anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. The bisdioxopiperazine compound, dexrazoxane (ICRF-187, ADR-529), has been shown to prevent this cumulative side effect of the anthracyclines. Recent randomized trials performed in breast cancer and in pediatric sarcoma patients have demonstrated the efficacy of this approach, which permits the administration of anthracyclines to greater cumulative doses and thus leads to a substantial reduction in the incidence of decreased left-ventricular ejection fraction or congestive heart failure. Response rates were not significantly different with the use of dexrazoxane in these trials. The risk ratio for a cardiac event was decreased by two to threefold in randomized breast studies involving more than 700 women. Paclitaxel also has been reported to cause arrhythmias and possibly ischemia. In a large data base, National Cancer Institute investigators found a 0.29% incidence of grade 4 or 5 cardiac toxicities, including heart block, ventricular tachycardia, and ischemic events. Other important chemotherapy-related cardiac toxicities discussed include fluorouracil-induced angina and arrhythmias, interleukin-4 induced-cardiomyopathy, and cardiotoxicity associated with autologous bone marrow transplantation procedures.
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PMID:Cardiotoxicity and cardioprotection during chemotherapy. 757 76

Hepatic malignancy accounts for a large number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Radiologic evaluation of the liver is critically important in the selection of patients for surgical treatment and newer modalities including computed tomographic arterial portography and intraoperative sonography show promise in the detection of small lesions. Advances in our understanding of the segmental anatomy of the liver, studies of intraoperative hepatic ischemia, and improved care of patients following major hepatic resections have extended the limits of surgical treatment of liver lesions, especially in cirrhotic patients with limited functional reserve. Along with hepatitis B, new data suggest that hepatitis C is also important as an agent causing hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, the tumor suppressor gene p53 is frequently mutated in aflatoxin-induced hepatoma. In endemic regions, mass screening for early hepatocellular carcinoma appears to increase the surgical cure rate. Resectional surgery remains the best treatment for primary liver cancer and, in selected cases, liver transplantation is worthwhile. Liver resection for some patients with metastases of colorectal origin is now considered standard therapy and studies of regional chemotherapy for liver cancer are beginning to show promise. It remains to be seen whether adjuvant chemotherapy after liver resection will increase cure rates.
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PMID:Primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. 758 84


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