Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Millions of people continue to smoke. Recent studies confirm the pioneering epidemiologic data that indicated that, despite the well-established effects on the lung, most of the hundreds of thousands of premature deaths annually result from extrapulmonary toxicity, particularly accelerated cardiac and vascular disease. As with lung cancer, abstention significantly reduces the risk, even after myocardial infarction or surgery for complications of vascular disease. Erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis, and leukocytosis, by increasing blood viscosity, aggravate ischemia. The neutrophils of smokers release excessive amounts of oxidants which damage tissue and antiproteases. Increased alveolar permeability enhances allergy. Lymphocytic suppressor cells increase, which leads to immunocompetence, increased infection, and cancer. Smokers lose weight and die at an earlier age, even after cancer chemotherapy and peptic ulcer surgery. Smoking prevents inhibition of gastric night acid secretion by histamine-blocking agents. Menopause occurs earlier and children are damaged in utero and after birth by passive smoking. Recent evidence indicates that nicotine releases endorphins, which account for the addiction. Surgeons need to do more to combat this menace. Many victims need professional assistance to stop the habit.
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PMID:Presidential address. Systemic effects of smoking. 650 40

Acute acalculous cholecystitis is rather unusual, but it is considered an increasing entity. Particularly interesting are the post-traumatic or post-operative forms of acute acalculous cholecystitis. Ischemia of the gallbladder and biliary stasis are the most likely pathogenetic factors. A case of acute acalculous cholecystitis after total gastrectomy for cancer is presented. Particular emphasis is put on the significance of cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate crystals findings in the bile of the gallbladder. The pathogenetic role of this microscopic form of lithiasis in post-operative acalculous cholecystitis is discussed. It is concluded that all surgeons should be aware of this pathology since it is becoming much more common to be faced with elderly patients having life-threatening post-operative gallbladder complications unrelated to macroscopic lithiasis.
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PMID:Role of cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate crystals in acute postoperative acalculous cholecystitis. 653 18

The ECG effect of amsacrine (m-AMSA) was evaluated in 12 consecutive patients with leukemia. m-AMSA induced a significant prolongation of the Q-T interval (msecs, mean +/- SE) before (448 +/- 13) and 1 hour after (512 +/- 12) treatment (P . 0.0001, paired t test), without concomitant changes in the P-R interval, QRS duration, and heart rate. This selective cardiotoxic effect appeared to be transient and was noted towards the end of the iv drug administration, but was not present 24 hours later. No cardiac arrhythmias were noted during continuous monitoring. Nevertheless, it is assumed that the prolongation of the Q-T interval may represent a state of increased vulnerability to rhythm disturbances. Special care should be taken to avoid factors that may prolong the Q-T interval (hypokalemia, ischemia, or premedication with phenothiazine) during the administration of m-AMSA.
Cancer Treat Rep 1984 Sep
PMID:Acute electrocardiographic changes induced by amsacrine. 659 38

A 59-yr-old woman presented with digital ischemia and was found to have a small-bowel malignancy. After resection of the neoplasm, her digital ischemic symptoms resolved. Five years after the operation, she has no evidence either of recurrence of the intestinal malignancy or of the digital ischemia. This report contrasts with earlier studies, which have suggested that patients with digital ischemia associated with malignancy have a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Digital ischemia associated with small bowel malignancy. 683 53

Extensive lower limb paresis developed in three patients with terminal cancer following internal iliac (hypogastric) artery embolization. This procedure was carried out for control of hemorrhage in two of the patients and for reduction of the bulk of metastatic tumor in another. The embolic materials used resulted in extensive obliteration of small and large vessels of the posterior and anterior divisions of the internal iliac artery. The paresis is attributed to the resulting ischemia of the sciatic and femoral nerves; previous radiotherapy may also have been a contributing factor. To reduce the incidence of paralysis, identification of the bleeding vessels and selective embolization are recommended. If this cannot be achieved, and the catheter lies in the main stem, it is recommended that the emboli should not be smaller than Gelfoam pledgets (1 X 1 X 10 mm) to preserve the peripheral circulation and lessen the risk of complication.
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PMID:Paresis following internal iliac artery embolization. 684 68

The hospital and office records of 86 patients who underwent proctectomy for cancer of inflammatory bowel disease with primary closure of the perineal wound were reviewed. Almost one fourth of all patients suffered a significant perineal wound complication, the majority of which were infections. The incidence of postoperative perineal wound complications was comparable in both groups of patients. Urinary retention occurred in 24 percent of patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection or rectal cancer, and half of these patients required transurethral resection which indicates the need for more thorough preoperative assessment of bladder function, especially in older men. The development of leg ischemia that resulted in amputation in two elderly patients who had preoperative evidence of obstructive peripheral vascular disease suggests that a synchronous two-team abdominoperineal resection with the patient in the modified lithotomy position for a prolonged period should be avoided. One third of all patients were discharged less than 10 days after surgery and two thirds within 2 weeks. Prolonged stays were more frequent in cancer patients and appeared to be related to age rather than to the development of postoperative complications. The perineal wound after abdominoperineal resection for cancer healed more rapidly and more completely than did the wound after proctectomy for inflammatory bowel disease. Fourteen percent of the inflammatory bowel disease patients did not have a healed wound 1 year after surgery. The extent of rectal cancer as determined by Duke's classification played no role in healing of the perineal wound, but women with rectal cancer healed at a slower rate than did men. The location of the exit site for wound catheters and the use of cautery and preoperative steroid therapy appeared too have no effect on the healing of the perineal wound.
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PMID:Factors influencing perineal wound healing after proctectomy. 684 90

To investigate ischemic potentiation of thermal cell killing, mammary carcinomas transplanted to the legs or tails of C3H mice were treated with hyperthermia using rubber-lined compression cuffs. During treatment, warm water was circulated through the cuffs under pressure so that blood flow to the contained tumor-bearing limbs was interrupted. Ninety min at 41.5, 42.0, or 42.5 degrees and pressures between 60 and 135 mm Hg destroyed about 50% of tumors but damaged the normal tissues. Damage increased with the degree of compression. Intermittent pressure application was therefore adopted (five 18-min periods at 80 to 90 mm Hg alternating with four periods of 5 min at zero pressure). This favored the normal tissues, a high cure rate being maintained (73%) with damage to normal tissue virtually eliminated. The most satisfactory explanation of these results is a selective heat sensitivity, augmented by ischemia, on the part of tumor blood vessels. The success of intermittent treatment is then attributable to progressive impairment of the blood supply to the tumors, preventing the heat dissipation and relief of conditions such as acidity and nutrient deficiency which would otherwise result from periodic restoration of the circulation.
Cancer Res 1983 Jul
PMID:Treatment of mouse mammary tumors using combined hyperthermia and ischemia. 685 Jun 44

The role of calcium in cell injury is currently under investigation in many laboratories. It appears that movement of calcium between extra- to intracellular compartments and between various intracellular compartments plays a key role in determining many important reactions of cells both to lethal and sublethal injuries of diverse types as well as in adaptive new steady states. Prevention and/or modification of calcium movements has implication for the control of cell population growth, the prevention of cancer, and the retrieval of victims of shock, myocardial infarction and stroke. Regardless of what type of initial injury occurs, for example ischemia or direct cell membrane damage, the cell undergoes calcium accumulation either by impaired energy metabolism and/or plasmalemmal alterations. This elevated intracellular calcium concentration is responsible for cytoskeletal modifications which alter cell shape, the activation of phospholipases which results in perpetuation of membrane damage and finally, mitochondrial calcification. Although such changes have been partially characterized biochemically and morphologically, some obscure points continue to need clarification. The importance of determing the event(s) responsible for cell death is directly related to the potential capability of their manipulation. Therefore, this could result in the development and/or modification of pharmacologic interventions for the control and prevention of many human diseases. It is the purpose of this paper to review the present state of the art regarding the role of calcium in cell injury, to put it into perspective concerning organelle changes from the standpoint of morphology, and to indicate the present and future role of analytical microscopy in furthering the understanding of these processes.
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PMID:The role of calcium in cell injury. A review. 699 4

"Synergistic denaturant therapy" is defined as the acute disruption of tumor cell structure by concurrent application of "denaturant" modalities such as hyperthermia, tumor-specific acidification, hypoenergia, ischemia, sulphydryl blockade, free-radical generation, detergents, and chemical denaturants (e.g. DMSO). Possible techniques for effective and tumor-specific clinical application of these modalities are discussed, and experimental investigations of their use in cancer therapy, alone or in synergistic combinations, are cited. Various of these modalities may also be used to potentiate the efficacy and specificity of traditional anti-mitotic therapies. Numerous therapeutic advantages are offered by a "synergistic denaturant" approach.
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PMID:Synergistic denaturant therapy--a general strategy for treatment of solid malignancies. 700 Nov 91

Although blood spread of pulmonary malignancy presumably occurs through microembolization, frank embolization of tumor fragments is uncommon. The first reported case of bronchogenic carcinoma appearing as a peripheral arterial embolus is described. The patient, a 64-year-old female, had acute ischemia of the left leg secondary to tumor embolism to the left profunda femoris and popliteal arteries. Shortly after embolectomy, she suffered atelectasis of the whole left lung from an epitheloid carcinoma in the left main bronchus. Twenty-eight cases of frank tumor embolism to the arterial tree occurring during the course of a noncardiac malignancy have been reported. None, however, occurred as an initial event. Pulmonary metastasis in patients with advanced malignancy was the source of the arterial emboli in 45% (13/29) of reported cases, but bronchogenic carcinoma was the original cell type in 38% (11/29) of cases. In general, arterial tumor embolism is a complication of advanced malignancy usually originating from one of multiple pulmonary metastases. This first case report of tumor embolism to a lower extremity occurring as the initial event in the clinical course of a bronchogenic carcinoma serves to emphasize the protein manifestations of malignant disease.
Cancer 1981 Jan 15
PMID:Unusual presentation of bronchogenic carcinoma: case report and review of the literature. 700 96


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