Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a 12-year-old child with episodes of migraine-like headaches with visual and motor auras a year after the surgical resection and radiation therapy for medulloblastoma The patient presented with an episode of headache, prolonged aphasia, right hemiparesis, status epilepticus, and salt wasting. There was no evidence of a structural lesion. The neurologic deficits resolved over a period of 6 weeks. Because of the progressive deterioration in neurologic deficits, the patient underwent an extensive battery of laboratory tests and multiple neuroimages, all of which were normal. The unusually prolonged neurologic deficit in this patient without demonstrable structural lesions and his eventual complete recovery were most likely caused by ischemia in the left hemisphere secondary to vasospasm. This presentation mimics migraine headache. Evidence suggesting that this represents a long-term complication of treatment of children with central nervous system neoplasia is presented.
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PMID:Pseudomigraine with prolonged aphasia in a child with cranial irradiation for medulloblastoma. 1195 86

Postictal aphasia has been described in left temporal lobe seizures. It may be of fluent, non-fluent or global type. We present here a patient who displayed signs of mixed transcortical aphasia (MTCA). The patient was a 67 year old man who underwent excision of a left frontal parasagittal meningioma in 1987. Since then he has been treated with phenytoin for generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). He was admitted in status epilepticus. On awakening, the patient was non-fluent with palilalia and echolalia. His repetition was relatively preserved but all the other language functions were impaired. This picture faded away within a few hours. Brain CT, performed during this postictal state, was normal except for signs related to frontal craniotomy. SPECT, which was performed after language functions returned to normal, displayed left frontal, cingular and insular hypoperfusion. The postictal language dysfunction of the patient corresponded to MTCA. Although our case has frontal, he had no other structural lesion that could explain either diffuse ischemia of the left hemisphere or watershed areas secondary to the generalized seizures. The uniqueness of this case is the combination of postictal MTCA with good prognosis.
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PMID:Postictal mixed transcortical aphasia. 1202 78

A 63-year-old man presenting remittent fever and multiple arthralgia was diagnosed as adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), and started with prednisolone treatment. However, he suddenly developed loss of consciousness, paresis of the right upper extremity and aphasia shortly after the treatment. We detected an increased signal of brain tissue lactate at the branch territory of left middle cerebral artery by MR spectroscopy (MRS), but no lesions by diffusion-weighted nor T2-weighted MRI, suggesting acute brain ischemia of embolic mechanism. Most of the symptoms resolved in a couple of hours after the onset, showing spectacular shrinking deficit (SSD). The patient also revealed complication of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), which may be associated with ischemic event. This is the first case of acute brain ischemia with SSD, which occurred in AOSD with APS. MRS was superior to diffusion MRI in detection of acute brain ischemia.
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PMID:[A case of brain ischemia presenting spectacular shrinking deficit in adult-onset Still's disease associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome]. 1266 Nov 9

This study investigated nonspecific behaviors as early indications of vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Although symptoms of vasospasm (e.g., lowered level of consciousness, focal deficits such as hemiplegia or aphasia), are well recognized, the significance of early appearance of nonspecific symptoms such as restlessness, unusual behaviors, and impulsive behavior has not been investigated in detail. The study design included descriptive quantitative elements and a small qualitative component. Nonspecific behaviors were recorded, and the prevalence of those behaviors in individuals developing vasospasm was noted. Of 60 participants, 31 developed vasospasm; 24 of the 31 initially presented with nonspecific behaviors (p < .0001). Early detection of cerebral vasospasm allows prompt intervention and treatment, with the goal of preventing further ischemia or infarction.
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PMID:Nonspecific behaviors as early indications of cerebral vasospasm. 1723 10

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are potentially at risk for hemorrhage, and their symptoms and prognosis are highly variable. We present 7 surgical cases with the initial symptoms of venous ischemia by dural AVF. The series comprises 3 male and 4 female, ranging in age from 37 to 76 years (mean age, 61.1 years). Initial symptoms were dizziness in 3 cases, headache in 2 cases, unconsciousness in 1 case, and hemiparesis in 1 case. The locations included the superior sagittal sinus in 3 cases and the transverse-sigmoid sinus in 4 cases. Computed tomography with contrast media and magnetic resonance imaging revealed abnormal vessels. In all cases, retrograde feeding into the cortical veins was observed. On angiography, multiple retrograde venous drainage into the cortical veins were observed in all cases. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) demonstrated apparent hypoperfusion in all 7 cases and further decrease by diamox challenging test in 4 cases. The dural AVFs were removed, and the symptoms disappeared in all cases, although transient aphasia was observed in a single case postoperatively. Postoperative SPECT showed improvement of cerebral blood flow in 4 and no change in 2 of 6 follow-up cases. Cerebral ischemia was induced by venous hypertension, and the hypoperfused brain improved immediately after the operation. Cerebral venous ischemia is a reversible condition that can be improved by appropriate early-stage treatment.
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PMID:Cerebral venous ischemia by dural arteriovenous fistulas. 1790 17

We describe longitudinal diffusion-weighted MRI findings of sub-acute leukoencephalopathy following methotrexate therapy in a 24-year-old man diagnosed with pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), presenting with right-sided paralysis and aphasia after second consolidation with intrathecal triple-drug therapy given intrathecally. This case demonstrates the value of DWI in evaluation and diagnosis of sub-acute toxic leukoencephalopathy in patients being treated with methotrexate. The longitudinal follow up DWI findings suggest reversible metabolic derangement rather than ischemia as the cause of these findings.
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PMID:Conventional and diffusion-weighted MRI findings of methotrexate related sub-acute neurotoxicity. 1819 47

Diagnosis of extradural abscesses can be difficult and is often delayed. The case is presented of a 13-year-old girl who was afebrile and had episodes of expressive aphasia, with maintenance of awareness and understanding, lasting for 2-3 minutes and with normal neurologic examination in between. She was found to have a left frontal extradural abscess overlying the region of Broca's area (Brodmann area 44/45) on magnetic resonance imaging. An electroencephalogram showed continuous delta activity in the left frontotemporal region. She made a full recovery after surgical evacuation of pus, which upon culture grew Streptococcus milleri. The possible cause of transient aphasia in this condition is pressure-induced or inflammatory mediator-induced ischemia, with or without associated focal seizures.
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PMID:Transient Broca's aphasia as feature of an extradural abscess. 1906 55

Crossed aphasia (CA) refers to aphasia occurring after right brain damage in right handers. In the literature, numerous CA cases following cerebral ischemia have been reported, but few met the criteria for a prompt diagnosis. The authors present the case of a 52-year-old woman with SAH caused by a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) saccular aneurysm who developed non-fluent aphasia characterized by reduced verbal output, word-finding disturbances and phonemic paraphasias in both oral and written language. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT was also consistent with right parieto-temporal and frontoparietal ischemia with crossed cerebellar diaschisis on the right cerebellum. A diagnosis of CA was made. One year follow-up showed improvement in communication skills but persistent right fronto-temporo-parietal ischemia. Cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH symptomatology may vary from motor and sensory disturbances to cognitive disabilities. Aphasia developing after cerebral ischemia of the right hemisphere in a right-hand dominant patient following vasospasm may be a misleading symptom for the localization of the insult. Keeping a high index of suspicion may help in making the correct diagnosis. The changes in the perfusion patterns of cerebellum as assessed by SPECT study during the acute and recovery phases suggests the involvement of cerebellum in language functions.
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PMID:Crossed Wernicke's aphasia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a case report. 1926 59

Acute chemotherapy-related leukoencephalopathy can present similar to acute stroke with symptoms including aphasia, dysarthria, and hemiplegia. Differentiation based on clinical appearance is challenging, and physicians must distinguish between the 2 conditions rapidly to institute appropriate therapies. An 8-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving chemotherapy, including intrathecal methotrexate, presented to our emergency center with 2 hours of expressive aphasia and flaccid right hemiplegia. Emergent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained, demonstrating diffusion restriction within bilateral corona radiata and centrum semiovale. Magnetic resonance perfusion revealed mildly increased perfusion, a finding inconsistent with ischemic stroke and previously unreported in acute chemotherapy-related leukoencephalopathy without necrosis. This increased perfusion conclusively eliminated stroke from the clinical differential. Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging proved valuable to rapidly distinguish acute chemotherapy-related leukoencephalopathy from ischemia, and the evaluation of perfusion alterations in this disorder may provide further insight into the pathophysiology of this entity.
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PMID:Hyperperfusion on magnetic resonance imaging in acute chemotherapy-related leukoencephalopathy. 2036 63

The aim of the present study was to examine if the most frequent cognitive disorders after cortical damage with a well-known cerebral lateralization, namely aphasia, neglect and extinction, are present in an unselected series of continuously admitted patients with acute cerebellar stroke. Twenty-two adults with acute cerebellar stroke were compared with 22 age- and education-matched healthy control subjects. High-resolution magnetic resonance images showed infarctions of the left cerebellar hemisphere in 12 and of the right hemisphere in ten patients. Standard aphasia tests revealed no statistically significant difference comparing patients with right- and left-sided ischemia and controls, whereas patients with left-sided ischemia showed mild deficits in a verb generation task. Neglect and extinction tasks revealed no significant differences between groups. Our findings support previous observations in the literature that cerebellar patients frequently perform within the normal range in standard neuropsychological tests. This does not exclude, however, that abnormalities may be present in more sophisticated testing of language and visuospatial functions.
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PMID:Aphasia and neglect are uncommon in cerebellar disease: negative findings in a prospective study in acute cerebellar stroke. 2068 May 38


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