Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a 22 years old male with chronic allergic rhinitis, who presented with asthma, prolonged fever, eosinophilia, cutaneous vasculitis, subcutaneous nodules, polyarthritis, ulcers in the nasal mucosa and external auditory canal, hematuria, proteinuria, renal failure, severe hypertension, pulmonary infiltrates and mesenteric ischemia with a perforation of the sigmoid colon. Arteriography showed multiple aneurysmae of intrarenal arteries and a skin biopsy showed a leukocytoclastic vasculitis. A diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome was made. He was initially treated with steroids and cyclophosphamide but abandoned therapy. Eighteen years after the onset of the disease, he required hemodialysis. Eight months after being on dialysis, he suffered a reactivation of the disease with lung hemorrhage and finally died, due to an upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by a duodenal ulcer.
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PMID:[Late reactivation of Churg-Strauss syndrome]. 1653 66

Inflammatory eicosanoids generated by the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism are now known to have at least 6 receptors: OXE, which recognizes 5-HETE and 5-oxo-ETE; a putative receptor recognizing a potent 5-oxo-ETE metabolite, FOG(7); the LTB(4) receptors, BLT1 and BLT2; the cysteinyl leukotriene receptors, CysLT(1) and CysLT(2), which recognize leukotrienes LTC(4), LTD(4), LTE(4) and LTF(4). The 5-LO pathway is activated in many diseases and invokes inflammatory responses not affected by glucocorticoids, but therapy with selective BLT1 or CysLT(1) antagonists in asthma has met with variable success. Studies show that 5-LO pathway eicosanoids are not primary mediators in all cases of asthma, but may be especially important in severe persistent asthma, aspirin- and exercise-induced asthma, allergic rhinitis, COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, atherosclerosis, atopic dermatitis, acne and ischemia-related organ injury. These disorders appear to involve multiple 5-LO pathway eicosanoids and receptor subtypes, suggesting that inhibition of the pathway at the level of 5-LO may be necessary for maximal efficacy.
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PMID:Pharmacotherapy of diseases mediated by 5-lipoxygenase pathway eicosanoids. 1748 54

A 52-year-old man was admitted to hospital with abdominal pain, erythema and mild eosinophilia. Medical history revealed fatigue and dyspnoea on exertion after returning from the Gambia a year previously, and allergic rhinitis with nasal polyps that were surgically excised. Before a cause of the abdominal symptoms was determined he developed mononeuropathy, severe eosinophilia and arthralgia in combination with positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) against myeloperoxidase, which lead to the diagnosis of 'Churg-Strauss syndrome'. Despite treatment with high-dose corticosteroids (prednisone 1 mg/kg) his abdominal complaints intensified. A CT-scan of the abdomen showed a soft tissue mass around the caecum. Subsequent colonoscopy showed severe ulcerative lesions and signs of colonic ischemia. When PCR for cytomegalovirus appeared to be negative, treatment was intensified with cyclophosphamide 2 mg/kg, resulting in resolution of the abdominal complaints and healing of the ulcerative lesions in the colon.
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PMID:[Vasculitis associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome]. 2132 49

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in host defence and inflammation. Given that a significant amount of evidence implicates TLRs in the pathogenesis of immune diseases and cancer, and their activation occurs early in the inflammatory cascade, they are attractive targets for novel therapeutic agents. Potential therapeutics include TLR-targeted antibodies, small molecules and nucleic acid based drugs. Agonists are being tested in vaccines against hepatitis C and influenza as well as in allergic rhinitis and certain cancers. Antagonists are being tested in ischemia/reperfusion injury, systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis. The prospect of targeting TLRs in multiple pathologies continues to hold much promise.
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PMID:New developments in Toll-like receptor targeted therapeutics. 2274

Cysteinyl leukotrienes are a group of the inflammatory lipid molecules well known as mediators of inflammatory signaling in the allergic diseases. Although they are traditionally known for their role in allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and others, recent advances in the field of biomedical research highlighted the role of these inflammatory mediators in a broader range of diseases such as in the inflammation associated with the central nervous system (CNS) disorders, vascular inflammation (atherosclerotic), and in cancer. Among the CNS diseases, they, along with their synthesis precursor enzyme 5-lipoxygenase and their receptors, have been shown to be associated with brain injury, Multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, brain ischemia, epilepsy, and others. However, a lot more remains elusive as the research in these areas is emerging and only a little has been discovered. Herein, through this review, we first provided a general up-to-date information on the synthesis pathway and the receptors for the molecules. Next, we summarized the current findings on their role in the brain disorders, with an insight given to the future perspectives.
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PMID:Cysteinyl Leukotrienes and Their Receptors: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Central Nervous System Disorders. 2754 70

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent lipid mediators widely known for their actions in asthma and in allergic rhinitis. Accumulating data highlights their involvement in a broader range of inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases. The reported elevated levels of CysLTs in acute and chronic brain lesions, the association between the genetic polymorphisms in the LTs biosynthesis pathways and the risk of cerebral pathological events, and the evidence from animal models link also CysLTs and brain diseases. This review will give an overview of how far research has gone into the evaluation of the role of CysLTs in the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders (ischemia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, multiple sclerosis/experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and epilepsy) in order to understand the underlying mechanism by which they might be central in the disease progression.
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PMID:Cysteinyl Leukotrienes as Potential Pharmacological Targets for Cerebral Diseases. 2860 33

Oral phenylephrine is a commonly used over-the-counter nasal decongestant drug. It is usually taken for symptomatic relief (in combination drug products) for upper respiratory tract infections, allergic rhinitis, or sinusitis. Adverse cardiovascular effects of intravenous phenylephrine, including organ ischemia, are well known; however, oral phenylephrine is rarely associated with significant adverse effects. We describe the first case of acute ischemic colitis in a young patient due to over-the-counter oral phenylephrine, which was taken as a nasal decongestant. We reviewed the literature of colonic ischemia related to the use of systemic nasal decongestants phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine.
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PMID:Acute Ischemic Colitis due to Oral Phenylephrine. 3306 92