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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of nicardipine, a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, on postprandial colonic motility was assessed in 10 patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Each patient was studied twice receiving intravenously either N saline or nicardipine after a 1000 calorie meal. In the control study there was a significant (p less than 0.01) postprandial increase in the contractile activity of the colon, reaching a peak at approximately 20 minutes. Intravenous nicardipine completely abolished the colonic response, with a significant reduction in the number (p less than 0.005) and amplitude (p less than 0.005) of contractions and of the motility index (p less than 0.025). These results support the need for further studies to evaluate the therapeutic role of nicardipine in the irritable bowel syndrome.
Gut 1987 Dec
PMID:Reduction of colonic motility by intravenous nicardipine in irritable bowel syndrome. 342 88

The incidence of severe duodenal anomalies (MD) has been investigated in 458 patients submitted to barium meal examination and in 176 subjects comprising various clinical subgroups. The incidence of MD in patients submitted to barium meal examination was 11.6%. The incidence of MD in 25 normals was 4%, which was not significantly different from the incidence (10%) of MD in patients with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Compared with in normals, MD occurred with a significantly higher incidence in 45 patients with X-ray-negative dyspepsia (24%), in 36 patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (44%), and in 37 patients with asthma (38%). It is concluded that demonstration of MD in a patient is only indicative of a possible disorder.
Scand J Gastroenterol 1987 Dec
PMID:The incidence of severe duodenal anomalies in patients submitted to barium meal examination, in normals, and in different clinical subgroups. 343 6

The diagnostic score of Kruis to diagnose the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has recently gained widespread application. We therefore evaluated the case histories of 373 patients attending the gastroenterological outpatient department retrospectively using the questionnaire of these authors. In contrast to Kruis et al's findings, by applying their discriminating score the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome was made in only 51% of the patients who underwent complete gastrointestinal survey without pathological findings. However, the group of IBS was significantly separable from malignant or inflammatory disease. We therefore conclude that the diagnosis of IBS should only be made by ruling out organic disease (except in the case of young people with normal physical and laboratory check up findings and a good response to treatment). For these patients we simplified the questionnaire, omitting calculations.
Wien Klin Wochenschr 1987 Dec 04
PMID:[Positive diagnosis of irritable colon: a scored chart or standardized anamnesis?]. 343 86

A new method employing 99mTc-labeled pellets for determination of the gastric emptying rate and small bowel transit time is described. The participants were six normal subjects and 16 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (eight with diarrhea and eight with obstipation as the primary complaint). The gastric emptying rate was the same in the three groups. The patients in the obstipation group had a significantly longer small bowel transit time than the normals (P less than 0.02) and the patients in the diarrhea group (P less than 0.01). There was no demonstrable difference between the small bowel transit time in the normals and in the patients in the diarrhea group.
Dig Dis Sci 1986 Dec
PMID:Gastric emptying rate and small bowel transit time in patients with irritable bowel syndrome determined with 99mTc-labeled pellets and scintigraphy. 380 29

Lactose malabsorption was assessed by the hydrogen breath test in 40 Italian patients with irritable bowel syndrome and 42 controls without abdominal disturbances. Sixty-five percent of patients were "low milk consumers" (0-250 ml milk per day) compared with 38% of controls (P less than 0.02). Lactose loads of 25 and 50 g caused malabsorption in 82.5 and 87.5% patients and in 55 and 62% controls, respectively (patients vs controls P less than 0.02). Malabsorption was more frequent in the "low milk consumers" group (P less than 0.05). During a four-month lactose-free diet as the only treatment 7.5% of patients became symptom-free (and remained so for a further eight-month diet), 52.5% improved, and 40% showed no change.
Dig Dis Sci 1986 Dec
PMID:Lactose malabsorption and intolerance in Italians. Clinical implications. 380 34

It is obvious from the above discussion that, whereas no really clear-cut animal model of IBD has been established, a number of specific insights into the nature of the human illness can be derived from the study of naturally occurring and induced gastrointestinal inflammations occurring in animals. One of the most important emerges from the finding that both immune complex deposition in the gastrointestinal tract as well as stimulation of the mucosal T-cell system results in an ulcerative colitis-like gastrointestinal inflammation. The simplest explanation of the fact that vastly different methods of inducing immune-mediated injury in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to a similar kind of gastrointestinal inflammation is that the inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract is rather restricted in its overall pathologic appearance and that the histologic lesions characteristic of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease can arise from primary disturbance of the B-cell system, the T-cell system, or both. Another explanation of this fact, however, is that no matter what the initial immunological disorder may be, the mechanism underlying the gastrointestinal inflammation ultimately comes to involve a response to materials in the mucosal environment so that pathologic events are inevitably channeled into an inflammatory pathway that is either ulcerative colitis-like or Crohn's disease-like in its final configuration. This second explanation is buttressed by other findings derived from the study of animal models which, in general, suggest that no matter what the initial result, an immunologic interaction against a constituent of the bowel flora determines the ultimate course of the gastrointestinal inflammation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dig Dis Sci 1985 Dec
PMID:Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease--an overview. 390 9

Sixty consecutive patients suspected of having bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine (BOG) had aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures made of fasting upper jejunal fluid and also a 14C-D-xylose breath test (XBT). Culture-proven BOG was present in 23 patients. In another 15 patients the presence of BOG was ruled out (diagnoses: irritable bowel syndrome, 8; chronic diarrhoea, 6; and lactose malabsorption, 1). These patients were used as controls. The other 22 of the 60 patients could not be placed in either group owing to the presence of factors known to predispose for BOG; none of them had abnormal jejunal cultures, but several had strong clinical suspicion of BOG. An abnormal XBT, defined as values exceeding upper 90% confidence limits (upper range) of the 15 patient control values within a 4-h period, was observed with the following frequencies in the 23 patients with BOG: after 60 min, 35%; after 120 min, 44%; after 180 min, 61%; and after 240 min, 65%. An abnormal XBT was observed in 41% of the 22 patients with normal jejunal cultures but with predisposition for, and clinical suspicion of, BOG. It is concluded that, compared with a relevant control material, the XBT tends to be rather insensitive and that a negative outcome of jejunal cultures is inadequate to exclude the presence of BOG.
Scand J Gastroenterol 1985 Dec
PMID:Diagnosis of bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine. Comparison of the 14C-D-xylose breath test and jejunal cultures in 60 patients. 391 62

The validity of 111In granulocyte scanning and fecal excretion measurement, as a reflection of loss of cells into the gastrointestinal tract, was studied using an autoradiographic technique in 11 patients in whom 111In granulocyte scan and colonoscopy were carried out simultaneously. 111In granulocytes were injected 1.5-4 hr prior to colonoscopy, and intraluminal fluid, mucosal brushings, and colonic biopsies were collected during the colonoscopy. In two patients with no histological evidence of inflammatory bowel disease, and four patients with clinically and histologically inactive inflammatory bowel disease, no 111Indium was detected in fluid, brushing, or biopsies. In five patients with active disease, 85% of the 111In activity in colonic fluid was precipitated by low-speed centrifugation. Autoradiography confirmed that the label remained attached to whole granulocytes in colonic fluid and mucosal brushings. Studies on biopsies, at intervals up to 4 1/2 hr following labeled granulocyte injection, demonstrated labeled polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) on the inflamed epithelial surface, with occasional cells in crypt abscesses by 110 min. We conclude that the techniques of 111In granulocyte scanning and fecal counting in patients with IBD are specifically measuring cell loss; labeled PMNs are capable of migrating through the gastrointestinal mucosa, in active disease, within 2 hr of administration.
Dig Dis Sci 1985 Dec
PMID:Specificity of indium-111 granulocyte scanning and fecal excretion measurement in inflammatory bowel disease--an autoradiographic study. 406 66

Dietary intakes of two groups of gastrointestinal patients, one group with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)--Crohn's disease or chronic ulcerative colitis--and the other with functional disorders (FD)--irritable bowel syndrome, nonulcer dyspepsia, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, were assessed by means of 48-hour recalls. The relationships between dietary intake and anthropometric and biochemical measurements were examined. The IBD group had lower mean serum albumin and hemoglobin levels (p less than .05); however, FD patients had less adequate diets. The mean energy intake of women with FD was significantly lower than that of women with IBD (p less than .05) and was associated with inadequate or marginal intakes of many nutrients. Comparison of nutrient intakes between the IBD and FD groups revealed a significantly lower mean intake of folate, ascorbic acid, and vitamin A for women with FD than for women with IBD (p less than .05). In general, women had poorer diets and a higher prevalence of abnormal biochemical parameters than men. One notable feature of the dietary pattern of the women was that they consumed less meat than the general population consumed. Increasing meat consumption would improve the intake of many nutrients, including protein and iron. The results of this study suggest that more attention should be given to the adequacy of dietary intakes of gastrointestinal patients in general and of women in particular.
J Am Diet Assoc 1985 Dec
PMID:Nutritional status of gastroenterology outpatients: comparison of inflammatory bowel disease with functional disorders. 406 54

The irritable colon syndrome is a very common disorder with no serious sequelae. The cause is unknown but low dietary bulk and psychological factors are believed important. Sufferers may experience various combinations of diarrhea, constipation and abdominal pain. The mechanisms are obscure but abnormal colon motility has been amply demonstrated. Serious organic diseases such as colitis and carcinoma of the colon must be firmly excluded. Treatment consists of sympathetic explanation and reassurance, increased dietary bulk and occasional judicious use of antispasmodic agents.
Can Med Assoc J 1974 Dec 07
PMID:The irritable colon. 461 5


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