Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transport of leftover feed from infectious disease (IBD) farms to susceptible flocks on clean premises is believed to have played an important role in the transmission of this disease to new farms and to new areas. Servicemen, caretakers, contaminated equipment and air were suspected in the spread of the disease, but these modes were not demonstrated. Litter, drinking water and samples of feed from feeders of IBD flocks were found to be infectious when added to rations of susceptible chickens but were not when added to drinking water. Infectious bursal agent (IBA) remained viable for at least 6 months in dry litter and in unused dry chicken houses for more than 1 year. IBA was found in circulating blood of infected chickens 36 hours after inoculation, but not after 72 hours. Liver, spleen, thymus, kidney, pancreas and intestines were infectious at 72 hours. Bursa and feces were infectious from 48 hours through 7 days after inoculation. Tests on 4 1/2 to 6-week-old birds from 10-12 farms of each of several broiler complexes in three southeastern states of the U.S. revealed IBA present on a high percentage of farms even though none had used vaccine. Vaccination with modified or unmodified IBA administered to millions of 4-10-day-old chicks gave good protection for the life of broilers and laying birds. Effect of IBD on development of immunity to other diseases will be discussed.
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PMID:The epizootiology of infectious bursal disease and prevention of it by immunization. 18 93

A comparison has been made of the fecal characteristics in controls and patients with the irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. No detectable difference was found in the fecal wet weight, dry weight, or total bile acid excretion in the four groups. A significant increase in the percentage of the water content of the stool was seen in the idiopathic diarrhea group with irritable bowel syndrome. Significantly less magnesium, potassium, and calcium was found in the stools of patients with diverticular disease and a similar trend was noted in patients with the spastic colon. These changes did not relate to the age of the patients. This suggests a common etiology for these disorders. The presence of increased water and primary bile acids in the feces of patients with idiopathic diarrhea suggests that this is a separate entity.
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PMID:Fecal characteristics contrasted in the irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. 82 53

It has been well known that the fasting therapy which was invented in Medical School of Tohoku University reveals an excellent effect upon various kinds of psychosomatic diseases, but its therapeutic mechanism and suitable indication are not yet explained completely. In order to corroborate these problems, this study was undertaken on 262 cases of psychosomatic diseases in the field of internal medicine. It is a complete fasting for 10 days with nothing by mouth except for drinking water, and 500 ml of parenteral fluid containing vitamins are administered intravenously every day. Absolute bed rest and self meditation are required in a closed individual room, and patients are not allowed to meet anyone but physicians and nurse in charge. The return to normal ordinary diet follows the order of fluid diet, soft diet and semiordinary diet during 5 days. In the period of the therapy, various clinical and laboratory examinations were carried out. Significance of these examinations consists in prediction of possible danger during the fasting period and elucidation of its therapeutic mechanism. Consequently, an outstanding efficacy rate of 87% with excellent prognosis was attained, and the following diseases were determined as suitable indication of this therapy; irritable colon, dysorexia nervosa, borderline hypertension, neurocirculatory asthenia, bronchial asthma, mild diabetes mellitus, obesity, lumbago without organic findings, conversion hysteria, various neurosis with somatic symptoms and masked depression. Possible mechanism of action of the therapy is that fasting acts as an extreme stress on the function of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems, then it regulates the function of whole body including the brain, also it acts as one of the behaviour therapy for abnormal conditioning.
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PMID:Fasting therapy for psychosomatic diseases with special reference to its indication and therapeutic mechanism. 96 29

To investigate whether the clinical history and basic laboratory test results can differentiate between an organic or functional cause of chronic diarrhea and thus avoid unnecessary hospital admissions and invasive procedures, we reviewed the charts of 58 adult patients admitted during 6 years because of chronic diarrhea who had normal stool and colonic examinations. The final diagnoses were irritable bowel syndrome in 34 patients, organic diarrhea in 21, and unknown cause in three. The following clinical data did not help in the differential diagnosis: age, sex, duration of diarrhea, presence of continuous diarrhea, abdominal pain, stool frequency or volume, and presence of stool mucus. Significant weight loss, nocturnal diarrhea, and the absence of tenesmus were associated with an organic cause. One or more laboratory alterations (increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anemia, hypokalemia, and low serum albumin level) were found in 62% of patients with organic diarrhea but in only 3% of those with functional disease; p less than 0.001. In 20 of 21 patients with organic diarrhea, an syndromic diagnosis (fat malabsorption, n = 13; inflammatory bowel disease, n = 4; and secretory diarrhea, n = 3) could be obtained with three simple tests (stool fat, rectal biopsy, and fecal water osmolality and electrolyte determination, respectively). Our study confirms that a detailed history and a few simple laboratory data can help to distinguish between functional and organic diarrhea and so avoid extensive investigation. The syndromic diagnosis of organic diarrhea can also be approximated with relatively easy tests.
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PMID:Chronic diarrhea with normal stool and colonic examinations: organic or functional? 174 88

Coarse-spray (CS) administration of a commercial S1133 reovirus vaccine in chickens for prevention of clinical viral tenosynovitis (VT) infection was evaluated. In Expt. 1, one-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) white leghorns were vaccinated with a combination of reovirus, Newcastle disease (ND), and infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccines by CS and infectious bursal disease vaccine by the subcutaneous (SQ) route. In Expt. 2, one-day-old commercial broilers were vaccinated by CS with reovirus vaccine and Marek's disease (MD) vaccine by SQ. In Expt. 3, one-day-old commercial broilers received reovirus vaccine in combination with ND-IB vaccines at 1 day of age by CS and MD vaccine by SQ. Some birds received an initial or second vaccination at 7 days of age by CS or the drinking-water (DW) route. Birds vaccinated by CS at 1 day of age with reovirus vaccine did not produce circulating virus-neutralizing antibody against reovirus, although they had resistance to VT infection. In contrast, initial or booster vaccination at 7 days of age by CS or DW resulted in an antibody response and greater resistance to challenge than did CS vaccination at 1 day of age. There was no difference in efficacy between CS and DW routes at 7 days of age. The reovirus vaccine did not interfere with other vaccines as measured by serologic (ND-IB-IBD) or challenge (MD) studies.
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PMID:Efficacy of coarse-spray administration of a reovirus vaccine in young chickens. 185 16

The first intron of the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI I1) of Podospora anserina can undergo self-splicing in vitro at high concentrations of NH4Cl or KCl. Under these conditions cleavage at the 5' splice junction takes place without branch formation probably via hydrolysis by water or OH- and the intron is released in a linear form. In vitro transcripts that contain mutated introns with large deletions in nonconserved domain IV comprising greater than 50% of the intronic sequence display a more efficient splicing reaction and, surprisingly, 5' cleavage via transesterification and lariat formation is re-established to a low degree under NH4Cl. In contrast to the self-splicing group II introns aI5 gamma and bI1 from yeast mitochondria cleavage at the 3' splice site of the Podospora intron is reduced and cleavage by hydrolysis in trans (i.e. exon reopening) is almost completely suppressed. Both observations could be interpreted as a result of unfavourable spatial conformations of the intron that (i) lead to a steric hindrance of the 5' exon to attack the 3' splice site in cis and (ii) block intron-dependent cleavage reaction of the ligated exons in trans. Alternatively, the possibility that a weak overall interaction of the postulated exon- with the corresponding intron-binding sites (EBS-IBS pairings) is responsible for the remarkable differences to the self-splicing reaction of other group II introns is discussed.
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PMID:Self-splicing of the mobile group II intron of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina (COI I1) in vitro. 216 69

Diarrhea of colonic origin is fairly common in irritable colon and after long term abuse of laxatives. This form of diarrhea causes difficulties not only in diagnosis but also in treatment. Irritable colon is a functional disorder sometimes involving other segments of the bowel. The term "irritable bowel disease" is thus more appropriate. Extraintestinal symptoms are in addition quite common. Although the diagnosis can be established with great reliability using an index we consider some laboratory tests, recto-sigmoidoscopy and abdominal sonography essential to rule out organic lesions. Therapy comprises (small) psychotherapy, dietary measures and eventually transient medication. Symptoms usually persist but tolerance of the disorder should be improved. Laxative-induced colonic dysfunction results usually from false assumptions about normal defecation. Loss of water and potassium deteriorates the symptomatology leading to a vicious circle. Alterations of neurons in the enteric nervous system of the colon can be the cause but eventually the consequence of chronic intake of laxatives. Hidden abuse of laxatives can cause great diagnostic difficulties. The therapy of choice is weaning which usually is only possible gradually. Cisapride can be a useful adjuvant.
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PMID:[Irritable colon and colonic disease due to laxatives]. 219 2

The relation between intrarectal volume and pressure during increasing rectal distension by a latex balloon were studied on repeated occasions in 10 healthy adult volunteers to define variations within and between individuals. A wide intersubject variation in the maximum tolerable volume (58-908 ml) and pressure (12.2-108.8 cm H2O) at this end point was seen, and these two values were correlated (r = 0.78). Intrasubject variation in maximum tolerable volume also occurred which was related to study order and progressively reduced with repeated study. In 26 unselected patients with pain predominant irritable bowel syndrome similar intersubject variation was noted and virtually all patients data fell within the calculated 95% confidence limits of the normal individuals. Differentiation between patients and normal subjects was not possible from knowledge of rectal responses. These noticeable inter- and intrasubject variations in rectal responses to distension need to be considered whenever similar techniques are proposed for use in the study of rectal disease or of rectal response to treatment.
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PMID:Inter- and intraindividual variation in pressure-volume relations of the rectum in normal subjects and patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. 185 94

Two hypotheses were tested: (a) lowered tolerance for balloon distention of the rectosigmoid in patients with irritable bowel syndrome is caused by a psychological tendency to exaggerate the painfulness of any aversive stimulus, and (b) contractions elicited by balloon distention are responsible for pain reports. Tolerance for stepwise distention of a balloon in the rectosigmoid was compared with tolerance for holding one hand in ice water in 16 irritable bowel patients, 10 patients with functional bowel disorder who did not satisfy restrictive criteria for irritable bowel, 25 lactose malabsorbers, and 18 asymptomatic controls. Contractile activity was measured 5 cm above and 5 cm below the distending balloon. Psychometric tests were used to assess neuroticism, anxiety, and depression, and a standardized psychiatric interview was administered. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome had significantly lower tolerance for balloon distention but not ice water, and balloon tolerance was not correlated with neuroticism or other psychological traits measured. Rectosigmoid and rectal motility were also not related to tolerance for balloon distention. Both hypotheses were rejected. A peripheral mechanism such as altered receptor sensitivity may be the cause of distention pain in irritable bowel syndrome.
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PMID:Tolerance for rectosigmoid distention in irritable bowel syndrome. 232 11

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is centrally controlled through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, sympathetic effects being partly mediated by beta adrenoceptors. Although beta adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists are widely used for different disorders, little is known about the influence of these agents on GI motility. The present study was initiated to investigate whether there is a physiological, beta adrenergic influence on human GI motility and to describe the effects of selective beta adrenoceptor stimulation on motility in the proximal and distal parts of the GI tract. Esophageal peristalsis was measured in healthy subjects using electronic catheters. Distal colonic motility was measured with an open-tipped, water-perfused catheter in the sigmoid colon and from an air-filled balloon in the rectum in healthy subjects and in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In one study, colonic motility was stimulated with continuous infusion of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-OP). Esophagus: Peristaltic amplitude was increased in the distal smooth muscle part of the esophageal body after infusion of both the nonselective beta blocker propranolol and the beta-1 selective blocker metoprolol. After infusion of the beta-1 agonist prenalterol and the beta-2 selective agonist terbutaline, a profound decrease in esophageal peristaltic amplitude was seen. Pretreatment with metoprolol selectively blocked the response to a moderate dose of prenalterol but did not block the response to terbutaline. The latter response was blocked by propranolol. Peristaltic velocity in the proximal part of the esophagus was decreased by beta-1 stimulation and in the distal part by beta-2 stimulation. Distal colon: In healthy subjects the sigmoid motility index showed a dose-dependent increase after metoprolol and propranolol, respectively. The increase was more marked after propranolol infusion. Terbutaline decreased the sigmoid motility index both in healthy subjects and in patients with the IBS. Furthermore, the rectal motility index was decreased in the group of healthy subjects. The effects of prenalterol on rectal and sigmoid motility did not differ from those of placebo. The IBS patient group showed larger intraindividual variations in sigmoid motility from day to day and also lower rectal motility indices than the healthy subjects. Infusion of CCK-OP increased the sigmoid motility index compared to non-stimulated conditions. No effects on CCK-OP stimulated motility were seen after either terbutaline, prenalterol or placebo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Beta adrenergic influence on esophageal and colonic motility in man. 286 39


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