Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Small intestinal lactase activity in the health adult is either the same as in early infancy or may drop to very low levels. The behavior of the enzymatic state varies with the ethnic group studied. In those adults with low lactase activity little information is availalbe as to the age at which the lactase decreases. We attempted to determine a) the frequency of low intestinal lactase activity and b) the age at which the change occurs. For this purpose we reviewed in a large number of intestinal biopsies both histologically as well as for disaccharidase activities. The biopsies were obtained from a heterogeneous group of Caucasians, including patients, their siblings and parents. The patients were those with failure to thrive in whom no organic cause could be elicited, and those with the irritable colon syndrome. Patients ranged in age from 6 weeks to 50 years and out of a total of 1, 077 jejunal biopsies, 172 morphologically normal biopsies were selected. The milk drinking habits of 118 subjects and their families were elicited and 31 oral lactose tolerance tests performed. The mucosal lactase activity and sucrase-to-lactase ratio in those 172 individuals were plotted against age. In the first 3 years the mean lactase activity was 32.1 plus or minus 10.1 mumoles/g protein per min and the sucrase-to-lactase ratio was 1.7 plus or minus 0.5 with no change from year to year. However, after age 5 two separate groups emerge. A small group (24.6% of the population) with low lactase activity, and a second group possessing the same mean value for lactase activity as noted in the first 3 years. The low lactase activity group included children and adults with clinical lactose intolerance. These individuals consumed relatively small amounts of milk and when 12 of them were tested with an oral lactose tolerance test the result was a "flat" curve with a maximum rise in blood glucose of 9 plus or minus 3.2 mg/100 ml. The second group consumed more milk averaging 1 quart/day with no discomfort and when 19 were tested with oral lactose tolerance tests the values were normal. This study indicates that low lactase activity in the Caucasian population may make its appearance at the age of 5 years.
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PMID:Correlation of lactase activity, lactose tolerance and milk consumption in different age groups. 117 20

A model of the isolated bowel segment (IBS, Iowa Model II) was successfully created in experimental animals using a new surgical technique we developed. The IBS is completely free of its mesenteric attachment, yet its viability is preserved. The technique consists of two staged procedures: (1) initial enteropexy between the anterior margin of the liver and the antimesenteric border of the IBS with its ends forming cutaneous stomas; and (2) division of the IBS mesentery 5 weeks later. The IBS is nourished by vascular collaterals that form at the hepatoenteropexy during the interval between these two procedures. Our previous studies demonstrated preserved viability and motility in the IBS. This study was undertaken to test absorption in the IBS. In 25 rats (experimental group), the IBS (Iowa Model II) was created using an 8-cm-long isolated segment of jejunum. In 15 rats (control group), an 8-cm-long segment of jejunum was arranged to form a Thiry-Vella loop. Five weeks later, the IBS mesentery was divided in the experimental group, and sham laparotomy was performed in the control group animals. Absorption of glucose and leucine was studied in 13 rats of the experimental group and 6 of the control group using a constant single perfusion technique at 3, 8, and 11 weeks after the initial operation. The results were compared between the two groups. There was a 25% to 35% reduction in absorption of glucose and leucine in both groups with the advance of time, but no significant difference was observed between the groups except in leucine absorption at 11 weeks after the initial operation. This study concludes that absorption of glucose and leucine is preserved in the IBS after its mesentery is divided, suggesting that the IBS can be used as a functioning bowel for bowel reconstruction.
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PMID:The isolated bowel segment (Iowa Model II): absorption studies for glucose and leucine. 176 10

Many agents have been reported to cause hemolytic anemia in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient subjects. We investigated whether cimetropium bromide, a new antispasmodic drug, can be safely given to these patients. In the first study, ten healthy volunteers were given 50 mg, p.o. 3 times per day, before meals for 1 week. Blood samples were drawn before and after treatment and stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) was evaluated. No significant stimulation of HMS was observed. In a second study, 12 G6PD-deficient patients with spastic colon were given cimetropium bromide and placebo according to a double blind, cross-over design. None of the patients showed any significant abnormalities in any of the several hematologic parameters tested.
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PMID:Cimetropium bromide, a new antispasmodic agent, has no hemolytic effects in humans. 365 34

Specific foods were found to provoke symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in 14 of 21 patients. In 6 patients who were challenged double blind the food intolerance was confirmed. No difference was detected in changes in plasma glucose, histamine, immune complexes, haematocrit, eosinophil count, or breath hydrogen excretion produced after challenge or control foods. Rectal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), however, increased significantly, and in a further 5 patients rectal PGE2 correlated with wet faecal weight. Food intolerance associated with prostaglandin production is an important factor in the pathogenesis of IBS.
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PMID:Food intolerance: a major factor in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome. 612 47

Autoantibodies reacting with endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa were found by indirect immunofluorescence in 22 out of 268 sera (8.2%) obtained from patients with coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and from subjects without bowel disease. A double immunofluorescence technique showed that the autoantibodies reacted with cells secreting gastric inhibitory polypeptide (glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, GIP), secretin, somatostatin or enteroglucagon. Most sera contained antibodies against more than one cell type. Neither the presence of a particular antibody nor the pattern of antibody combinations appeared to be specific for any diagnostic category. The mean plasma GIP concentrations, however, both fasting and two hours after a test meal, were significantly lower in subjects with GIP cell autoantibodies. Thus gut hormone cell autoantibodies may be markers of impaired hormone secretion.
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PMID:Autoantibodies to gut hormone secreting cells as markers of peptide deficiency. 634 Nov 78

In order to investigate the possible involvement of gastrointestinal hormones in functional disorders of the digestive tract, serum motilin, neurotensin and gastrin levels in their response to oral intake of fat and glucose were examined in patients with irritable colon syndrome and dumping syndrome. The following results were obtained. (1) Basal serum motilin levels were higher in patients with irritable colon syndrome than in normal subjects, and remained high after ingestion of either 50 g of butter or 50 g of glucose. (2) No consistent response in serum neurotensin levels was found in patients with irritable colon syndrome or in normal subjects. (3) An immediate increase in serum gastrin levels was found in response to fat ingestion both in patients with irritable colon syndrome and in normal subjects, but there was no difference between these two groups. (4) In a patient with typical dumping syndrome, a markedly high level of fasting serum motilin was found, and the level increased further after the oral intake of glucose. These findings suggest that motilin may be involved in the irritable colon syndrome and dumping syndrome.
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PMID:Serum motilin in gastrointestinal diseases. 722 18

We studied 12 coryneform isolates having similar biochemical profiles which did not permit their assignment to any recognized taxa. Human semen was the source for seven of these strains, whereas the other strains were isolated from urethra, urine, and blood specimens of adult male patients. These bacteria were found in significant quantities (10(4) to 10(5) CFU/ml) in semen specimens from infertile male patients with the diagnosis of prostatitis. These strains had characteristics of the genus Corynebacterium, such as 60 mol% G + C in the DNA and corynemycolic acids, meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, and galactose in the cell wall. Quantitative DNA-DNA hybridizations (S1 nuclease procedure) and phylogenies based on comparisons of almost-complete small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences confirmed that these strains constitute a single new species within the genus Corynebacterium. All 12 strains showed similar phenotypic features, i.e., good growth on sheep blood agar in contrast with poor growth on the same medium supplemented with 1% Tween 80, a positive CAMP test in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, glucose and sucrose fermentation, and the presence of beta-glucuronidase. Some strains reduced nitrate and hydrolyzed urea or esculin. These features allowed us to distinguish these strains from members of any other coryneform taxon, and the proposed name is Corynebacterium seminale with strain IBS B12915 (CIP 104297) as the type strain. The description and delineation of these strains as a new species should be useful for further studies, including evaluations of their prevalence among the normal flora and their clinical implications.
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PMID:Corynebacterium seminale sp. nov., a new species associated with genital infections in male patients. 749 9

1. An atypical non beta 1/beta 2-adrenoceptor (AR) subtype (beta 3-AR) has been identified which is selectively stimulated by a group of ligands which mediate lipolytic and thermic responses in brown and white adipose tissue. 2. Molecular studies have shown that beta 3-AR in man are mainly expressed in visceral adipocytes, and to a lesser extent in gall-bladder and colon. In vitro studies with beta 3-AR agonists have shown activity at other sites including skeletal muscle and myocardium. 3. Regulation of beta 3-AR may differ from beta 1/beta 2-AR subtypes in that continuous agonist exposure does not result in receptor down-regulation. 4. A polymorphism of the human beta 3-AR gene (Trp64Arg) has been identified which is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and an earlier onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Studies are required to establish whether expression of the mutant gene results in altered metabolic responses to beta 3-AR stimulation in man. 5. There is accumulating evidence to support a therapeutic role of beta 3-AR agonists in NIDDM because of anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activity, as a consequence of thermogenic effects as well as increased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. 6. Selectivity studies with BRL35135 and isoprenaline in humans have demonstrated a beta 3-AR mediated component to thermogenesis which is dissociated from beta 1/beta 2-mediated effects on carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Similar studies have suggested a functional beta 3-AR mediating cardiac but not airway responses in humans. An evaluation of beta 3-AR agonists in irritable bowel syndrome may be warranted in view of colonic antimotility properties in vitro.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacology of beta 3-adrenoceptors. 887 18

Plasma cortisol, blood glucose, serum lipids and lipoproteins were estimated in diseased human subjects and normal control volunteers. Serum triglyceride (Tg) total cholesterol (Tc) and cholesterol content of very low density lipoprotein (VLDLc), low density lipoprotein (LDLc) and high density lipoprotein (HDLc) were assayed under lipid profile. Clinical investigations were carried out on 115 subjects which involved 30 control, 25 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 30 bronchial asthma and 30 rheumatoid arthritis patients. The results of this preliminary study showed a significant change in the levels of all the biochemical parameters in diseased subjects in comparison with controls. Increased levels of atherogenic lipids, Tg, VLDLc and LDLc were found in rheumatoid arthritis subjects. This suggests that arthritis subjects are relatively at higher risk of developing coronary heart disease. Furthermore hypercholesterolemia may aggravate the risk condition in arthritis patients by artereosclerosis. The significant elevation in the levels of plasma cortisol reveals the fact that rheumatoid arthritis is a stabilized and chronic psychosomatic disorder, since, homeostatic competence is disrupted following decline in the tendency of stress-response to return to normalcy.
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PMID:A study on physiological changes in certain psychosomatic disorders with reference to cortisol, blood glucose and lipid profile. 906 10

We studied two coryneform strains from clinical specimens. These strains had type IV and corynemycolic acids in their cell walls and also had phenotypic characteristics, such as urease activity and fermentation of glucose and sucrose but not trehalose, which did not permit assignment to any previously recognized taxon. According to DNA-DNA hybridization data, these two strains are members of the same species (level of DNA similarity, 86%). Phylogenetic analysis based on comparisons of almost complete small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences revealed that these strains are closely related to Corynebacterium minutissimum, but DNA relatedness experiments clearly showed that they constitute a distinct new species with a level of DNA relatedness to the C. minutissimum type strain of less than 40%. This new species can be differentiated from C. minutissimum strains by its enzymatic activities and carbon source utilization, and the name Corynebacterium singulare is proposed for it. The type strain is strain IBS B52218 (= CCUG 37330), which was isolated from a semen specimen.
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PMID:Corynebacterium singulare sp. nov., a new species for urease-positive strains related to Corynebacterium minutissimum. 933 12


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