Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many women report that bowel symptoms are associated with menstruation, but neither the prevalence of these complaints nor their physiological basis is known. This study aimed to estimate prevalence, to determine whether patients with irritable bowel syndrome are more likely to make such complaints, and to determine whether bowel complaints during menstruation are attributable to psychological traits such as increased somatization. To estimate prevalence, 369 clients of Planned Parenthood of Maryland were asked whether gas, diarrhea, or constipation occurred during menstruation. These subjects were compared with women referred to a gastroenterology clinic and found to have irritable bowel syndrome or functional bowel disorder (abdominal pain plus altered bowel habits but not satisfying restrictive criteria for irritable bowel syndrome). Thirty-four percent of 233 Planned Parenthood clients who denied symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome or functional bowel disorder reported that menstruation was associated with one or more bowel symptoms. Gastroenterology clinic patients with irritable bowel syndrome were significantly more likely to experience exacerbations of each of these bowel symptoms, but especially increased bowel gas. Self-reports of bowel symptoms during menstruation were not associated with psychological traits or with menses-related changes in affect.
 ...
PMID:Evidence for exacerbation of irritable bowel syndrome during menses. 233 90

Anorectal manometry with balloon distension was performed on 28 patients with diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome, 27 patients with constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome and 30 normal controls. In the diarrhoea predominant group balloon volumes required to perceive the sensations of gas, stool, urgency of defecation and discomfort were significantly lower than in controls or constipation predominant patients (p less than 0.001). Diarrhoea predominant patients also had a significantly lower rectal compliance than controls or constipation predominant patients (p less than 0.03) but showed no difference in motor activity induced by distension. When the constipation predominant patients were compared with controls the only significant difference that emerged was in the volume at which discomfort was perceived. No significant differences between constipated subjects and controls were found in the distension induced motor activity. Symptom severity and psychological parameters were also recorded and the diarrhoea predominant patients were found to be more anxious than those with constipation (p = 0.04). It proved possible (by comparison with the control group) to identify three abnormal rectal subtypes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. These were a sensitive rectum (low sensation thresholds, normal or low rectal pressure), a stiff rectum (normal or low sensation thresholds, high pressure) and an insensitive rectum (high sensation thresholds, normal or high pressure) and their distribution varied considerably depending on bowel habit. Some form of rectal abnormality was identified in 75% of diarrhoea predominant patients compared with 30% of constipation predominant subjects (p = 0.002). A sensitive rectum was a particular feature of diarrhoea predominant patients being observed in 57% of patients compared with only 7% of the constipated group (p less than 0.001).
 ...
PMID:Anorectal manometry in irritable bowel syndrome: differences between diarrhoea and constipation predominant subjects. 233 74

The importance of personality traits in nonulcer dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome is a controversial issue. We wished to assess the distribution of abnormal personality traits in nonulcer dyspepsia and the irritable bowel syndrome, define any relation among personality and symptoms, and determine whether personality factors discriminate among patients with functional, psychiatric, or organic gastrointestinal diseases. Patients with nonulcer dyspepsia (n = 31), irritable bowel syndrome (n = 67), organic gastrointestinal disease (n = 64), somatoform disorder (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 128) were studied. Before diagnostic evaluation by an independent physician, all patients completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and a symptom questionnaire. Symptom scores for abdominal pain and the Manning criteria, which is considered to be diagnostic for the irritable bowel syndrome, were evaluated. Personality scales in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and organic disease were very similar. However, patients in the other groups differed from somatoform disorder on nearly all scales. In nonulcer dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and organic disease, hypochondriasis weakly correlated with pain. Subgroups of irritable bowel syndrome patients with predominant constipation and those with predominant diarrhea had similar personality traits, although hypomania was minimally increased in constipation. Patients who fulfilled the Manning criteria for irritable bowel syndrome had more psychological distress than those who did not. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory correctly classified somatoform disorder and health 81% and 75% of the time, respectively, but it classified nonulcer dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome correctly in only 32% and 34% of cases. Our results suggest that psychopathology may not be the major explanation for functional gastrointestinal disorders.
 ...
PMID:Relation among personality and symptoms in nonulcer dyspepsia and the irritable bowel syndrome. 200 21

In order to clarify the effects of stress on the colon, functions of the colon in conscious dogs were examined by using strain gauge force transducers and periodical X-ray pictures. Immediately after loading the stress, the motility of colon increased, while 2 weeks after loading the stress the motility of the colon had decreased. Under these circumstances all dogs with dysfunctions of right colon had diarrhea, while dogs with dysfunctions of left colon had no diarrhea. This stress model did not result in the formation of ulcers and dogs had intestinal dysfunction and diarrhea. Therefore, this stress model may be an appropriate method in which to study diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome.
 ...
PMID:[Effects of stress on colon in the canine]. 237 6

Fifteen patients with the irritable bowel syndrome were studied to assess the effect of hypnotherapy on anorectal physiology. In comparison with a control group of 15 patients who received no hypnotherapy significant changes in rectal sensitivity were found in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome both after a course of hypnotherapy and during a session of hypnosis (p less than 0.05). Although patient numbers were small, a trend towards normalisation of rectal sensitivity was also observed in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. No changes in rectal compliance or distension-induced motor activity occurred in either subgroup nor were any changes in somatic pain thresholds observed. The results suggest that symptomatic improvement in irritable bowel syndrome after hypnotherapy may in part be due to changes in visceral sensitivity.
 ...
PMID:Changes in rectal sensitivity after hypnotherapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. 238 13

In this study, gut functioning and the prevalence of functional bowel disorders among a Wellington community sample of 285 apparently healthy people was estimated using a standardised questionnaire. When asked for their opinion of their bowel functioning generally, 37% of respondents were satisfied that it was always normal, 57.2% regarded it as not always normal, and 5.6% felt it was normal less than half the time or not normal at all. However, only 11.6% had actually consulted a physician about a stomach or bowel disorder in the past year. Average bowel frequency was 8.4 movements per week (SD = 3.9) for the total sample. Approximately three quarters of the total sample had experienced diarrhoea at least occasionally, but only 2.5% half the movements or more often. Constipation was reported by 8.1% for half the time or more, and 1.8% for most bowel movements. Abdominal distension was experienced by 7.2% on half of days or more, and 3.6% on most days or daily. Abdominal pain occuring on six or more separate days in the previous year was reported by 26.4% of men and 31.9% of women. Pain not due to organic disorders that was colonic in nature and of the irritable bowel syndrome type was reported by 15.9% of men and 17.2% of women.
 ...
PMID:Functional gastrointestinal symptoms in a Wellington community sample. 239 67

Motilin, normally present in a specific cell type in the upper small intestine, is believed to have a physiologic role in initiating the interdigestive migrating motor complex. Motilin may play a pathophysiologic role in the diarrhea in the irritable bowel syndrome, the dumping syndrome, chronic liver disease, and chronic renal failure. Furthermore, increased frequency of bowel movements is an important symptom in patients with the carcinoid syndrome. We have studied 73 patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors with regard to stool frequency and plasma concentration of motilin and neuropeptide K (NPK) and diurnal urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Thirty-eight (52%) of the 73 patients had elevated (greater than 126 pmol/l) plasma concentrations of motilin, whereas 59 (81%) of the patients had diarrhea. The increased frequency of bowel motions correlated significantly (p less than 0.01) with the plasma concentrations of motilin, whereas no significant correlation with 5-HIAA and NPK was found. High-performance liquid chromatography of plasma extracts showed a single component eluting in the position of synthetic porcine motilin. However, extracts from five carcinoid tumors did not contain any significant levels of motilin. Carcinoid tumors are known to contain and secrete several biologically active substances such as serotonin, histamine, prostaglandins, and tachykinins, which are likely to cause disturbances of intestinal secretion and motility, which in turn might release motilin from the motilin-containing cells of the small intestine. The increased motilin levels might then participate in a vicious diarrhea circle together with the other agents.
 ...
PMID:Motilin in plasma and tumor tissues from patients with the carcinoid syndrome. Possible involvement in the increased frequency of bowel movements. 244 32

We have studied rectal potential difference (pd) in 200 subjects: 30 healthy volunteers or control patients, 46 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and painless diarrhoea (group I), 60 IBS patients without diarrhoea (group II) and 64 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with (group III, n = 41) or without (group IV, n = 23) rectal involvement. Pd measurement used a rectal perfused probe and a subcutaneous needle both connected, via agar-KCl bridges, to calomel electrodes and a millivoltmeter. Statistical analysis used Student's t-test for paired and unpaired data and Mann-Whitney U-test as appropriate. Mean rectal pd values were, respectively -43.5 +/- 8.7 mV in control group, -32.9 +/- 10.2 mV in IBS-group I patients (P less than 0.001), -41.3 +/- 12 mV in IBS-group II patients (NS), -21.4 +/- 14.1 mV in IBD patients with rectal involvement (P less than 0.001), and -45.1 +/- 14.3 mV in IBD-group IV patients (NS). A histological examination was performed in 36 IBS patients; mean rectal pd was significantly decreased in patients showing abnormal patterns (n = 27, pd = -31.8 +/- 9 mV) compared to patients with normal mucosa (n = 9, pd = -41.1 +/- 6.5 mV; P less than 0.01). These results show that: (1) potential difference is significantly decreased in patients with ulcerative and rectal involvement; (2) in patients with Crohn's disease, normal rectal pd values do not assess the appearance of colonic mucosa above; (3) patients with IBS and diarrhoea also present a significant diminution in mean rectal pd. Although the mechanisms involved remain unclear, rectal pd measurement appears to be an objective test for intestinal mucosae weakness in functional or inflammatory diseases of the large intestine and rectum.
 ...
PMID:Rectal potential differences in irritable bowel syndrome and in inflammatory bowel diseases in man. 248 27

The importance of colonic motility disorders in the irritable bowel syndrome is now well accepted, but an accurate description of these abnormalities is still wanting. The insufficiency of investigational methods and, mainly, the heterogeneity of the disorders can explain this need. Twenty-four hour recordings of colonic myoelectrical activity can now provide a better knowledge of motor disturbances. No evidence of a specific basic disorder has been presented, and the effects of stress produce contradictory results depending on the method used. In contrast, motility patterns recorded during sleep and after a meal show segmental hyperactivity in painful constipation, abnormalities of the colonic response to feeding in painful abdominal distension, propulsive hyperactivity with absence or reduction of the "sigmoidal brake" in painless diarrhea. However, it appears clearly that myoelectrical activity disturbances can only be observed in two thirds of the patients presenting with functional digestive disorders. "Sensitivity" or personality disorders and disturbances of other organs can explain the physiopathology of "irritable bowels" where no evidence can be found that the colon is involved.
 ...
PMID:[Colonic motility and irritable colon]. 252 24

Spastic colon is a pathological entity whose clinical symptoms are for the most part abdominal pain, constipation and episodes of diarrhea without loss of weight. In all probability, it is merely a particularly striking presentation of a GI tract that is irritable throughout its entirety. The pathophysiological basis is a disordered propulsive bowel motoricity. Etiologically, psychological factors in the presence of an appropriate genetic or acquired disposition are conceivable. Possible mediators are considered to be noradrenalin, beta-endorphin and the corticotropin-releasing factor. The diagnosis can be established with a high degree of probability on the basis of the characteristic clinical picture. A definitive diagnosis, however, requires the very careful exclusion of other possible diagnoses. Therapy includes talks with the patient, physical and dietetic measures and the use of drugs to ameliorate diarrhea or, in the case of prokinetic agents, to re-establish normal propulsive bowel activity.
 ...
PMID:[Spastic colon (irritable colon)]. 252 95


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>