Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A comparative study was conducted on the psychological features of chronic pancreatitis, peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis and the irritable colon syndrome by means of psychological tests and interviews. The patients with irritable colon syndrome were found to be the most neurotic of all, whereas those with the definite type of chronic pancreatitis and ulcerative colitis presented prominent alexithymic characteristics. About one half of the patients having peptic ulcer showed alexithymic features. Despite their neurotic tendencies shown on the psychological tests, the patients with the suspicious type of chronic pancreatitis were socially better adjusted than those with irritable colon syndrome. It was also noted that the concept of alexithymia needs to be elucidated by including such factors as over-adaptation to the environment, certain distorted life habits and lack of bodily sensations.
 ...
PMID:Alexithymic feature in digestive diseases. 55 Jan 72

Psychopathology and alexithymia were investigated in a consecutive series of 60 patients suffering from large bowel disorders (ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome and appendicitis). Patients with irritable bowel syndrome reported the highest percentage of psychiatric illness and the lowest alexithymic score. Conversely, patients with ulcerative colitis showed very pronounced alexithymic traits with limited psychopathology. Implications for psychosomatic research and treatment are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Large bowel disorders. II. Psychopathology and alexithymia. 105 91

The prevalence of alexithymia was studied in a psychosomatic group consisting of 34 patients with duodenal ulcer, 35 patients with ulcerative colitis and 38 patients with irritable colon syndrome, and in a control group consisting of 29 patients with gallstone disease, 13 patients with inguinal hernia and 44 patients with varicose veins. The methods used were the Beth Israel Hospital Questionnaire, the Thematic Apperception Test, the Rorschach Test and the score of emotionality derived from Lazare's Test. The results showed that alexithymia can be detected in an unselected sample of psychosomatic patients. The social class was of no significance, but a high score of alexithymia was registered for the male psychosomatic patients.
 ...
PMID:Concept of alexithymia. I. The prevalence of alexithymia in psychosomatic patients. 383 45

Verbal affective expression and psychometric variables were studied in a group of 5 duodenal ulcer and 6 irritable bowel patients. The aim was to assess the relevance of the alexithymia contruct to the distinction between both groups. Irritable bowel patients exhibited higher scores on Zung's depressiveness scale. Alexithymia scores were significantly higher for duodenal ulcer patients. Regarding verbal affective expression a discrimination was possible between both groups in the scale of hostility directed inward. Ulcer patients expressed less affect. These findings suggest that a distinction is possible at the behavioral level between patients with functional vs. patients with organic gastrointestinal illness, thus rendering the concept of alexithymia relevant to this nosological categorization.
 ...
PMID:Affective expression in organic and functional gastrointestinal disease. 651 60

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a group of functional bowel disorders with different pathophyiological mechanisms but some common clinical features. It can be conceptualized within the biopsychosocial model of illness as a dysregulation of brain-gut axis and its relationships with psychosocial and environmental variables. Using advanced neuro-imaging techniques, it has been found that some brain centers (anterior cingulate cortex, limbic system, locus ceruleus) are active in mediating gut signals and that visceral hyperalgesia mediates perceptual sensitivity. Using new criteria for diagnosing psychosocial components of somatic illnesses, persistent somatization has been found as one of the main psychological factors that contributes to persistence of symptoms and poor treatment outcome in patients with IBS. Other psychological variables influencing symptom reporting have been identified in the constructs of health-care seeking, abuse, somatosensory amplification, and alexithymia. From a psychological viewpoint, IBS may be conceived as an abnormal cognitive processing of emotional and visceral stimuli, a tendency to perceive somatic stimuli as evidence of symptoms of disease, and to seek repeated and often unnecessary medical care.
 ...
PMID:Psychological abnormalities in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. 1517 39

The gastrointestinal tract is controlled by the independent enteric nervous system. It is also closely connected to the central nervous system, and bi-directional communication exists between them. The communication involves neural pathways as well as immune and endocrine mechanisms. The brain-gut axis plays a prominent role in the modulation of gut functions. Signals from different sources (e.g. sound, sight, smell, somatic and visceral sensations, pain) reach the brain. These inputs are modified by memory, cognition and affective mechanisms and integrated within the neural circuits of the central nervous system, spinal cord, autonomic and enteral nervous systems. These inputs can have physiologic effects, such as changes in motility, secretion, immune function, and blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract. One of the most important neurotransmitters is serotonin that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the most common chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder: the irritable bowel syndrome. It is a biopsychosocial disease, resulting from the dysregulation of the brain-gut axis. Endogenous pain facilitation rather than inhibition, pathologic gradation of visceral perception and reduced threshold for pain are all evident in these patients. Abuse history is common in their anamnesis. Exaggerated conscientiousness, perfectionism, oversensitivity, feeling of deficiency in effectiveness, and higher demand for social parity, neuroticism and alexithymia have been detected among their constant personality features. Females are also characterized by gender role conflict and low assertiveness. Antidepressants and psychotherapy have important roles in their treatment. Also patients with inflammatory bowel disease are characterized by neuroticism and alexithymia and altered mother-child attachment is often described in their anamnesis. Autonomic neuropathy is a frequent and early neurological complication. Reflux disease and obstructive sleep apnea mutually generate each other and their severities significantly correlate. In the celiac disease the most common neurological manifestations are ataxia, peripheral neuropathy and myopathy. Up to 85% of patients with histologically proven coeliac disease have no gastrointestinal symptoms; consequently, measurement of antigliadin antibody titre is therefore vital in all cases of idiopathic ataxia. Complete resolution of neurological symptoms is the result of gluten-free diet.
 ...
PMID:[Neurological and psychiatric aspects of some gastrointestinal diseases]. 1895 27

Thirty subjects of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 30 normal controls were-compared. IBS patients showed significantly higher alexithymia score, depression, neuroticism and stress scores. When alexithymia was taken as independent variable it was found to correlate positively with depression and neuroticism. No correlation between stress score and alexithymia was found.
 ...
PMID:Alexithymia in irritable bowel syndrome. 2149 49

Alexithymia is a tendency to experience psychological distress in the form of somatic symptoms. Alexithymia is a syndrome that is defined by the inability to recognize and express emotions. It is a common feature in patients with psychoactive abuse disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and psychosomatic disorders such as gastrointestinal complaints, migraine, dermatological symptoms, and irritable bowel syndrome. Alexithymia is associated with a failure to use adaptive affect regulation such as modulating arousal, appropriately expressing or suppressing emotions, tolerating painful emotions and cognitive assimilation. Alexithymia is presumed to play a very important role in the pathogenesis of medically unexplained physical symptoms and it is a risk factor for a psychosomatic condition. It is of clinical importance that the majority of patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms are able to recognize that their physical symptoms may be related to their depression or anxiety disorder which are the most common mental disorders.
 ...
PMID:[The relationship between alexithymia and morbidity]. 2472 Jan 55

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is defined as a representative functional gastrointestinal disorder which is characterized by chronic or recurrent abdominal pain and/or abdominal discomfort associated with abnormal bowel movement. Gut microbiota are related to the pathophysiology of IBS. In the field of IBS, post-infectious etiology, stress-induced alteration of microbiota, increased mucosal permeability, bacterial overgrowth, disease-specific microbiota, microbial products, and brain-gut interactions are being investigated. In some individuals, IBS develops after recovery from acute gastroenteritis known as post-infectious IBS. Gut microbiota in IBS patients differ from those in healthy individuals, and the profiles of gut microbiota in IBS patients also vary among IBS patients with constipation, diarrhea, and mixed subtypes. In Japan, gut microbiota in IBS patients also differ from those observed in healthy individuals, and organic acid by-products observed in the patients correlated with symptoms, quality of life, and alexithymia. Further research on gut microbiota in IBS patients is warranted.
...
PMID:[Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Emotion Regulation, and Gut Microbiota]. 2727 58

The review focuses on those personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), constructs (alexithymia and distressed - Type D personality) and emotional patterns (negative and positive) that are of particular concern in health psychology, with the aim to highlight their potential role on the pathogenesis, onset, symptom clusters, clinical course, and outcome of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Personality traits and emotional patterns play key roles in affecting autonomic, immune, inflammatory, and endocrine functions, thus contributing not only to IBS clinical expression and symptomatic burden, but also to disease physiopathology. In this sense, psychological treatments should address those personality traits and emotional features that are constitutive of, and integral to IBS. The biopsychosocial model of illness applied to IBS acknowledges the interaction between biological, psychological, environmental, and social factors in relation to pain and functional disability. A holistic approach to IBS should take into account the heterogeneous nature of the disorder, and differentiate treatments for different types of IBS, also considering the marked individual differences in prevalent personality traits and emotional patterns. Beyond medications, and lifestyle/dietary interventions, psychological and educational treatments may provide the optimal chance of addressing clinical symptoms, comorbid conditions, and quality of life in IBS patients.
...
PMID:Personality traits and emotional patterns in irritable bowel syndrome. 2760 76


1 2 Next >>