Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Significantly decreased levels of serumcholinesterase (CHE) were found in acute Crohn's disease (= CD) (3.2 +/- 1.0 KU/L) and acute ulcerative colitis (= UC) (3.54 +/- 1.6 KU/L) as compared to patients with mild or quiescient disease (CD: 5.5 +/- 1.1 KU/L; UC: 5.59 +/- 0.94 KU/L) and healthy controls (5.69 +/- 1.3 KU/L). Suppression of CHE was most evident in Crohn's colitis (2.98 +/- 1.0 KU/L) and extensive UC (2.96 +/- 1.28 KU/L). Intraindividual comparison showed an increase of CHE-levels during treatment with steroids and salicylates. There was no significant correlation to the reduced bodyweight-levels in severe IBD. Best correlations were seen between CHE/albumin (CD: r = +0.61; UC: r = +0.73) and CHE/hematocrit (CD: r = +0.50; UC: r = +0.61) in severe inflammatory bowel disease. The results of a discriminant analysis showed that CHE-levels can predict the degree of activity correctly in the majority of patients with CD and UC. It is suggested that the decrease of serumcholinesterase reflects an inhibition of liver synthesis as an acute phase response-induced by endotoxins and cytokines.
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PMID:[Serum cholinesterases as activity parameters in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases]. 138 Jul 51

Because infants with colic appear to have abdominal pain similar to that of adults with irritable bowel syndrome, who may benefit from the addition of fiber to their diet, we tested whether fiber added to infant formula would alleviate colic. Twenty-seven normal, term infants (aged 2 to 8 weeks; 14 girls) with colic, defined as crying plus fussing for more than 3 hours a day for at least 3 days of a 6-day baseline period, were enrolled. Infants were randomly assigned in 9-day periods to a sequence of placebo (Isomil formula) followed by fiber-supplemented formula (Isomil plus soy polysaccharide) (n = 12) or the reverse (n = 15). Daily diaries of crying, fussing, sleeping, formula, intake, and stooling were kept. Twenty-two infants completed three lactulose breath hydrogen tests at the end of the baseline period and after each study period. The crossover trial was followed by 30 to 35 days of use of the study formula chosen by the parents as most beneficial but unknown to the investigators. Growth was monitored throughout. Serum cholesterol, calcium, phosphate, albumin, iron, and zinc concentrations were measured at the conclusion. There were no significant differences in average daily time spent by the infants in fussing and crying during ingestion of the fiber-supplemented formula. However, parents of 18 of 27 infants chose fiber-supplemented formula as most beneficial in ameliorating symptoms of colic. While the infants were consuming fiber-supplemented formula, stool frequency increased, and breath hydrogen excretion increased significantly, in response to lactulose. Growth and serum biochemical measurements were normal in all infants. Supplementation of infant formula with the level of soy polysaccharide used in this study may have reduced crying and fussing in some infants but did not affect colicky behavior in the majority of infants, who continued to cry and fuss excessively.
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PMID:Evaluation of the effect of a fiber-enriched formula on infant colic. 165 81

Food allergy, synonymous with food hypersensitivity (FHS), is defined as an immunologically-mediated adverse reaction to food. Initiation of FHS could result from a break in the immune mucosal barrier with abrogation of oral tolerance. Food hypersensitivity is mostly due to immediate-type reaction involving IgE-dependent mastocytes activation. Changes in intestinal function and structure have been mainly studies in an animal model of rat sensitized to egg albumin. Intraluminal antigen challenge resulted in abnormalities of gut absorption, secretion and motility in sensitized rats. In man, experimental data are scarce. Gastrointestinal manifestations of immediate FHS are varying and unspecific. A role for FHS in irritable bowel syndrome is debated. Participation of delayed-type FHS to digestive diseases is still questionable, but eosinophilic gastroenteritis might be an example. In clinical practice, diagnosis of FHS demands rigorous criteria. Double blind placebo-controlled food challenge has eventually proved to be the "gold standard" test for FHS diagnosis.
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PMID:[Digestive manifestations of food hypersensitivity in adults]. 175 69

Insulin-like growth factor II is secreted primarily by the liver and is reported to be transcribed in many primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) cell lines. We have studied diagnostic significance of serum IGF-II in chronic liver diseases using specific enzyme immunoassay. Serum IGF-II levels (mean +/- SE) were decreased in chronic hepatitis (538 +/- 51 ng/ml; N = 29), liver cirrhosis (427 +/- 45; 50) and PHC (260 +/- 41; 17) compared to controls (830 +/- 49; 57). Serum IGF-II was not different from controls in any of nonhepatic diseases such as diabetes (1032 +/- 97; 19) pancreatic cancer (1413 +/- 282; 8), chronic pancreatitis (999 +/- 126; 17), peptic ulcer (1186 +/- 43; 11), irritable bowel syndrome (1002 +/- 109; 12), gastrointestinal tract cancer (1250 +/- 216; 21) and chronic renal failure (733 +/- 135; 14). In liver diseases serum IGF-II showed a significant correlation with liver function test (negative with retention of indocyanine green and total bile acids; positive with albumin, thrombo-test, and cholinesterase). These results suggest that serum IGF-II reflects a reduced production of IGF-II in the liver and that it can be an index for the residual capacity of liver function.
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PMID:Serum insulin-like growth factor II in chronic liver disease. 253 15

We assessed the nutritional status of 119 patients with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms due to organic disorders (inflammatory bowel disease, IBD; peptic ulcer, PU; malabsorption syndrome, M; and malignant gastrointestinal tumours, T), by standard anthropometry and marker proteins (albumin; retinol-binding protein, RBP; and thyroxine-binding prealbumin, TBPA). We also studied 31 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 75 age-matched healthy controls (C). Compared with healthy controls, patients with organic bowel disease had significant abnormality of two or more anthropometric measurements (P less than 0.05). Plasma albumin was reduced in patients with IBD, M and T (P less than 0.001), but RBP and TBPA measurements were lower in all patient categories (P less than 0.01) including IBS. Stepwise discriminant analysis of the patient data alone, using three to six parameters, correctly separated 65 per cent PU patients, 66 per cent IBD and M, 72 per cent IBS and 88 per cent patients with T from other disease categories. We conclude that patients with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms often have some nutritional disturbances and that simple anthropometric and protein measurements might help us to distinguish patients with functional bowel disease from those with organic bowel disease.
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PMID:Nutritional assessment in patients with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms: comparison of functional and organic disorders. 392 30

We have assessed the nutritional status of 31 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 75 control subjects by anthropometry (height, weight, mid-arm circumference, biceps, triceps and subscapular skinfolds) and three plasma proteins: albumin, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and thyroxine-binding pre-albumin (TBPA). There was no significant difference between the patients and controls for any of the anthropometric measurements, but mean (+/- s.d.) plasma concentrations of RBP and TBPA were significantly lower in patients with IBS, 7.21 +/- 2.77 mg/dl (P less than 0.01); and 26.57 +/- 7.33 mg/dl, (P less than 0.001) respectively than in the control group, 8.85 +/- 2.56 mg/dl and 32.71 +/- 6.30 mg/dl. We conclude that patients with IBS may have subclinical protein deficiency in the absence of demonstrable organic bowel disease.
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PMID:Subclinical protein malnutrition in irritable bowel syndrome: assessment by retinol-binding protein (RBP) and thyroxine-binding pre-albumin (TBPA). 640 57

The presence of hepatic changes in ulcerative colitis ranges from 4.7% to 90% and the mechanisms are not clear. This study had the purpose to verify their frequency, observe the relation between clinical forms and hepatic lesions and identify the possible histological changes in the liver. We studied 21 patients with ulcerative colitis (Group 1, subdivided in Group 1A non-alcoholic and 1B alcoholic) and compared with 10 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (Group 2). The study involved clinical evaluation, ultrasonography liver function tests and needle biopsy of the liver, performed by laparoscopy, when necessary. Clinical alterations were present in three patients. The ultra-sonographic study was altered in 14.3% in Group 1A and in 57.1% in Group 1B. The albumin and cholinesterase levels were the most frequent abnormality in ulcerative colitis. In irritable bowel syndrome (Group 2), these exams were normal. Liver biopsy was performed in 15 patients and variable degrees of histologic changes were present in all.
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PMID:[Hepatic changes in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. 854 Aug 1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacological properties of the novel, selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, alosetron, and its effects on transit time in both the normal and perturbed small intestine of the rat. Alosetron concentration-dependently inhibited radioligand binding in membranes containing rat and human 5-HT3 receptors with estimated pKi values of 9.8 (n = 3) and 9.4 (n = 6), respectively. In selectivity studies alosetron had little or no significant affinity for any of the many other receptors and ion channels studied. Alosetron potently antagonized the depolarization produced by 5-HT in the rat vagus nerve (estimated pKB value of 9.8, n = 25). In anaesthetized rats, i. v. administration of alosetron inhibited 2-methyl-5-HT induced bradycardia (Bezold Jarisch index) at 1 and 3 microg kg-1, with an agonist dose ratio of approximately 3.0 at 1.0 microg kg-1, = 3-5). Alosetron administered via the duodenum also inhibited this reflex, with duration of action that was significantly longer than that seen with ondansetron (120-60 min, respectively, n = 6). Alosetron had no significant effect on normal small intestinal propulsion in the rat, but fully reversed the increase in intestinal propulsion (96%, n = 3) produced by egg albumin challenge. Alosetron is a highly selective 5-HT3 antagonist which normalizes perturbed small intestinal propulsion. Previous clinical data in IBS patients together with the transit data provide a good rationale for further studies with alosetron in IBS patients.
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PMID:The pharmacological properties of the novel selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, alosetron, and its effects on normal and perturbed small intestinal transit in the fasted rat. 1035 45

Weight loss is a major component of the clinical syndrome in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The impact of malnutrition on the outcome of the disease has been unappreciated in many investigations. The authors evaluated the effects of oral nutritional supplementation on the morphology and immunology of the intestinal mucosa of patients with AIDS. Twelve patients with AIDS without diarrhea or opportunistic infections, with at least 10% of body weight loss over 1 year, were submitted to anthropometric measures, peripheral blood T-lymphocyte counts, and peroral jejunal biopsy before and after oral nutritional supplementation. An industrialized peptide-based formula containing omega-3 fatty acids was given for 6 weeks. Jejunal samples were analyzed by histomorphometry, including villous-to-crypt ratio, lamina propria, and intraepithelial lymphocyte count. Immunologic assessment of the intestinal mucosa was made by indirect immunoperoxidase using monoclonal antibodies against CD3, CD4, and CD8. Seven patients with irritable bowel syndrome and two healthy volunteers were selected as a control group for histologic and immunohistochemical comparisons. After 6 weeks the patient group maintained their body weight and increased their tricipital fold. The number of peripheral blood T cells, albumin, transferrin, and the number of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells in jejunal mucosa as well as the intestinal morphometry remained stable. Oral supplementation contributed to maintaining body weight and may constitute a reasonable adjuvant therapeutic tool against AIDS progression.
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PMID:Effects of oral nutritional supplementation on the intestinal mucosa of patients with AIDS. 1063 16

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is critically involved in processing the affective component of pain sensation. Visceral hypersensitivity is a characteristic of irritable bowel syndrome. Electrophysiological activity of the ACC with regard to visceral sensitization has not been characterized. Single ACC neuronal activities in response to colorectal distension (CRD) were recorded in control, sham-treated rats and viscerally hypersensitive (EA) rats (induced by chicken egg albumin injection, i.p). The ACC neurones of controls failed to respond to 10 or 30 mmHg CRD; only 22% were activated by 50 mmHg CRD. Among the latter, 16.4% exhibited an excitatory response to CRD and were labelled 'CRD-excited' neurones. In contrast, CRD (10, 30 and 50 mmHg) markedly increased ACC neuronal responses of EA rats (10%, 28% and 47%, respectively). CRD produced greater pressure-dependent increases in ACC spike firing rates in EA rats compared with controls. Splanchnicectomy combined with pelvic nerve section abolished ACC responses to CRD in EA rats. Spontaneous activity in CRD-excited ACC neurones was significantly higher in EA rats than in controls. CRD-excited ACC neurones in control and EA rats (7 of 16 (42%) and 8 of 20 (40%), respectively) were activated by transcutaneous electrical and thermal stimuli. However, ACC neuronal activity evoked by noxious cutaneous stimuli did not change significantly in EA rats. This study identifies CRD-responsive neurones in the ACC and establishes for the first time that persistence of a heightened visceral afferent nociceptive input to the ACC induces ACC sensitization, characterized by increased spontaneous activity of CRD-excited neurones, decreased CRD pressure threshold, and increased response magnitude. Enhanced ACC nociceptive transmission in viscerally hypersensitive rats is restricted to visceral afferent input.
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PMID:Enhanced responses of the anterior cingulate cortex neurones to colonic distension in viscerally hypersensitive rats. 1623 77


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