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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This review provides current perspectives on canine and feline (IBD) as documented in the literature. As can be seen, the scientific database on this clinical syndrome is minute. Empirical clinical observations and experiences are valuable but do not replace the "good science" that can be achieved by performance of basic science research studies and controlled therapeutic trials. Continued advances in immunobiology, particularly molecular biology, should facilitate a greater understanding of IBD in both humans and animals. Indeed, preliminary investigations using these research tools have provided new insights into the immunopathology of canine IBD.
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PMID:Inflammatory bowel disease. Current perspectives. 1020

Inflammatory intestinal pathology has been reported in children with regressive autism (affected children). Detailed analysis of intestinal biopsies in these children indicates a novel lymphocytic enterocolitis with autoimmune features; however, links with cognitive function remain unclear. To characterize further, the nature and extent of this disease we examined the mucosal infiltrate using flow cytometry. Duodenal, ileal, and colonic biopsies were obtained from 52 affected children, 25 histologically normal, and 54 histologically inflamed, developmentally normal controls. Epithelial and lamina propria lymphocyte populations were isolated and examined by multicolor flow cytometry. Adjacent biopsies were assessed by semiquantitative histopathology. At all sites, CD3(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) IEL as well as CD3(+) LPL were significantly increased in affected children compared with developmentally normal noninflamed control groups (p<0.01) reaching levels similar to inflamed controls. In addition, two populations--CD3(+)CD4(+) IEL and LP CD19(+) B cells--were significantly increased in affected children compared with both noninflamed and inflamed control groups including IBD, at all sites examined (p<0.01). Histologically there was a prominent mucosal eosinophil infiltrate in affected children that was significantly lower in those on a gluten- and casein-free diet, although lymphocyte populations were not influenced by diet. The data provide further evidence of a pan-enteric mucosal immunopathology in children with regressive autism that is apparently distinct from other inflammatory bowel diseases.
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PMID:Intestinal lymphocyte populations in children with regressive autism: evidence for extensive mucosal immunopathology. 1503 38

The CD40-CD154 pathway is important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Here we show that injection of an agonistic CD40 mAb to T and B cell-deficient mice was sufficient to induce a pathogenic systemic and intestinal innate inflammatory response that was functionally dependent on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma as well as interleukin-12 p40 and interleukin-23 p40 secretion. CD40-induced colitis, but not wasting disease or serum proinflammatory cytokine production, depended on interleukin-23 p19 secretion, whereas interleukin-12 p35 secretion controlled wasting disease and serum cytokine production but not mucosal immunopathology. Intestinal inflammation was associated with IL-23 (p19) mRNA-producing intestinal dendritic cells and IL-17A mRNA within the intestine. Our experiments identified IL-23 as an effector cytokine within the innate intestinal immune system. The differential role of IL-23 in local but not systemic inflammation suggests that it may make a more specific target for the treatment of IBD.
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PMID:Differential activity of IL-12 and IL-23 in mucosal and systemic innate immune pathology. 1692 Jun 36

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD are a collection of diseases associated with chronic inflammation in the intestinal mucosa and/or transmural involvement. IBD is divided into two main categories Crohn's disease (CD and ulcerative colitis (UC. While there is no cure for IBD, current therapies can only reduce the inflammatory process that causes the signs and symptoms of IBD and hopefully induce long-term remission. Improved treatment modalities for the complex IBD are still evolving. The increased understanding of the underlying immunopathology has helped identify new targeted treatment options in particular the use of stem cell treatments that are capable of modulating the immune system. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSC and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC therapy are both being investigated as a treatment for IBD. MSC therapy is well tolerated and associated with minimal established side-effects compared to HSC therapy, which involves ablative chemotherapy. Currently, such stem cell therapy is not a standard of care regimen for IBD. However, it may potentially become the next generation treatment of choice, especially for severe refractory IBD patients.
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PMID:Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Stem Cell Therapy. 2621 28

In addition to their established role as a physical barrier to invading pathogens and other harmful agents, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are actively involved in local immune reactions. In the past years, evidence has accumulated suggesting the role of IEC in the immunopathology of intestinal inflammatory disorders (IBD). Recent advances in research on bacteriophages strongly suggest that-in addition to their established antibacterial activity-they have immunomodulating properties that are potentially useful in the clinic. We suggest that these immunomodulating phage activities targeting IEC may open novel treatment perspectives in disorders of the alimentary tract, particularly IBD.
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PMID:Bacteriophages targeting intestinal epithelial cells: a potential novel form of immunotherapy. 2916 71