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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The history and etiology of inflammatory bowel disease which is characterized by two major disease processes: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, remain unknown. Research is focussing on seven major areas of genetic, environmental and physiologic factors that apparently relate to this disease. Based on this background, a population based Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry was established in 1987 in the Lehigh Valley area of southeastern Pennsylvania. Consent forms, patient data forms and protocols for operation and implementation were developed, and databases were designed to accommodate demographic, basic history, follow-up and relative history data. The databases were correlated with an IBD registry ID number which both enabled relational analyses and ensured confidentiality of data information. The registry continues to grow, providing feedback for both continued medical research and supportive information for IBD patients and their physicians.
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PMID:Data management of an inflammatory bowel disease registry. 140 37

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) patients were compared with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients and non-patient controls on four separate physiological measures (heart rate, finger-tip temperature, skin resistance level, and forehead EMG) for their physical reactivity to 'laboratory stressors'. It was predicted that the IBS patients would respond to these stressors with more physiological reactivity than the two other groups. There were initial basal differences among the groups on heart rate and finger-tip temperature: in general, the IBS patients had lower basal heart rates and the non-patient controls had lower finger-tip temperatures. These findings are contrary to the previous body of literature regarding possible sympathetic nervous system (SNS) arousal states in the IBS patient. The results also indicated IBS patients were not significantly different than the IBD patients or the non-patient controls in their reactivity to stressors. Previous literature has suggested that IBS in their reactivity to stressors. Previous literature has suggested that IBS patients have an enhanced SNS arousal or an SNS mediated reactivity to environmental stressors, our current study has not found these results.
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PMID:Physiological reactivity to stressors in irritable bowel syndrome patients, inflammatory bowel disease patients and non-patient controls. 158 66

Using a reliable and valid structured diagnostic interview scale (ADIS-R), and patients with careful medical characterization, we found significantly more diagnosable psychopathology, particularly anxiety disorders, among treatment seeking patients with irritable bowel syndrome than among comparable age and sex samples of treatment seeking patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Significant differences were also found on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression between IBS patients and the IBD patients and controls, who did not differ. Comparable levels of psychiatric disorder among parents of probands were found in all three groups. The results are consistent with Latimer's (1983) notion of IBS patients being a subclass of 'neurotics'.
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PMID:The role of anxiety and depression in the irritable bowel syndrome. 225 98

Inflammatory Bowel Disease is characterized by two major entities, Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. These bowel diseases have associated problems involving the eyes, joints, skin, kidneys, immunological system, hepatobiliary system, and psychiatric disturbances. A regional IBD registry encompassing 18 hospitals and IBD specialists in east/northeast Pennsylvania was established to promote awareness of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the disease. Results of this data collection effort will be shared with patients and physicians through the use of newsletters and symposia. A Basic History (HX) form, an Operative Data (OR) form, and an Annual Follow-up (FU) form was used to collect relevant data. Participation is voluntary and all information is confidential.
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PMID:Development of an inflammatory bowel disease registry. 323 45

Health-related quality of life assessment can benefit several groups involved with health care. The aim of our study was to assess construct validity, reliability, discriminant ability and sensitivity to change of the Dutch translation of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), a disease-specific quality-of-life questionnaire. A group of 120 IBD patients completed the IBDQ and two Visual Analogue Scales concerning general well-being and bowel function twice. Fifty-two patients also completed the Short-Form 36 twice. Disease activity was assessed once. Correlations between the IBDQ scores and the global assessments were reasonably high and the IBDQ was shown to be discriminative. High intraclass correlation coefficients between both measurements of the IBDQ were observed in patients who reported no change in bowel complaints. In contrast, significant differences were found between both moments in patients who reported change. The Dutch IBDQ proved to be valid, discriminative and reliable.
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PMID:Validation of the Dutch translation of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ): a health-related quality of life questionnaire in inflammatory bowel disease. 924 24

Decreased bone mineral density, osteoporosis, is a common disorder in the United States and elsewhere in the world. This disorder is estimated to account for more than 1.5 million bone fractures each year and is estimated to cost over 13 billion dollars annually. Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a relatively common disorder with estimates suggesting that approximately one million Americans are afflicted by these conditions. Osteoporosis is a common extraintestinal complication of inflammatory bowel disease. The importance of the many possible mechanisms contributing to the loss of bone mass in IBD is uncertain. Several of these specific factors, including the use of corticosteroids, calcium deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, chronically active inflammatory bowel disease, and malnutrition. Assessment of the bone mineral density is an important exercise since new therapeutic options exist and new options are available to combat and even prevent this costly complication.
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PMID:Management of bone loss in inflammatory bowel disease. 1172 81

Recent research has shown that people with chronic illnesses often experience cognitive deficits, such deficits may be specific to a particular type of illness, reflecting the disease process itself, or they may be deficits that are common across a number of chronic illnesses. Our study investigated whether people with an organic disease (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) show cognitive dysfunction relative to the control group and people with a functional illness (Irritable Bowel Syndrome), and if so, to elucidate the mechanisms by which such dysfunction occurs. A quasi-experimental design using three groups of participants provided scores on IQ, memory, and cognitive flexibility. Differences in absolute scores were slight. However, a noticeable interaction effect was found between group and IQ: The illness groups showed a deficit in verbal IQ relative to both their own performance IQ and to that of the control group's verbal IQ. This verbal deficit cannot be explained by depression, cognitive load, or medication.
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PMID:Cognitive function in people with chronic illness: inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. 1278 84

The Inflammatory Bowel Disease International Genetic Consortium was formed in Oxford in 1997. Since then it has grown to include twelve groups from around the world that are each actively involved in identifying the genes that are involved in susceptibility to IBD. The approach of the IBDIGC is to attempt to overcome one of the major issues in complex disease analysis-that of obtaining sufficient power to analyze successfully the inheritance of IBD-by collaboratively studying large numbers of well documented families with multiple affected individuals. This strategy has been marked by considerable success with the publication of a paper authored by the IBDIGC substantiating the localization of IBD1 to chromosome 16. This publication served to encourage researchers and eventually resulted in the identification by several groups simultaneously of risk alleles in the NOD2 gene that cosegregate with disease. The IBDIGC provides a model for studies in complex disease genetics, showing that research groups both large and small can participate equally in complex disease gene identification through the formation of large international consortia.
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PMID:IBD International Genetics Consortium: international cooperation making sense of complex disease. 1279 25

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (together known as Inflammatory Bowel Disease or IBD) are both associated with increased risk for colorectal cancer. Although it is conventional to emphasise differences between IBD-associated and sporadic colon cancer, such as a lower rate of Adenomatosis Polyposis Coli mutations and earlier p53 mutations, IBD-associated cancer has a similar dysplasia-cancer sequence to sporadic colon cancer, similar frequencies of major chromosomal abnormalities and of microsatellite instability and similar glycosylation changes. This suggests that IBD-associated colon cancer and sporadic colon cancer might have similar pathogenic mechanisms. Because the normal colon is arguably in a continual state of low-grade inflammation in response to its microbial flora, it is reasonable to suggest that both IBD-associated and sporadic colon cancer may be the consequence of bacteria-induced inflammation. We have speculated that the glycosylation changes might result in recruitment to the mucosa of bacterial and dietary lectins that might otherwise pass harmlessly though the gut lumen. These could then lead to increased inflammation and/or proliferation and thence to ulceration or cancer. The glycosylation changes include increased expression of onco-fetal carbohydrates, such as the galactose-terminated Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (Gal beta1,3GalNAc alpha-), increased sialylation of terminal structures and reduced sulphation. These changes cannot readily be explained by alterations in glycosyltransferase activity but similar changes can be induced in vitro by alkalinisation of the Golgi lumen. Consequences of these changes may be relevant not only for cell-surface glycoconjugates but also for intracellular glycoconjugates.
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PMID:Altered glycosylation in inflammatory bowel disease: a possible role in cancer development. 1282 Jul 18

Proinflammatory cytokines released from monocytes/macrophages, in particular tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8 seem to play an important role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease). Endotoxins or lipopolysaccharides, derived from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria interact with CD14 on surface membrane of macrophages, thus triggering a signal cascade, which leads to the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly TNF-alpha. Therefore, in IBD, lipopolysaccharides could play a pathogenic role. In this respect, plasma endotoxins have been demonstrated in a not negligible percentage of patients with ulcerative colitis and in their unaffected relatives. The presence of circulating endotoxins could be due, at least in part, to the impaired natural immunity in either patients with ulcerative colitis or in their first degree unaffected relatives. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein, which binds to the lipid A region of lipopolysaccharide with a high affinity and this interaction prevents the binding of lipopolysaccharide to CD14, thus inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, based on the possible pathogenic role exerted by endotoxins in ulcerative colitis, lactoferrin may deserve attention as a possible therapeutical agent in experimental models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
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PMID:Immune abnormalities and endotoxemia in patients with ulcerative colitis and in their first degree relatives: attempts at neutralizing endotoxin-mediated effects. 1287 Nov 78


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