Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A combination of ethanolic extracts from nine medicinal plants is successfully used in STW 5 (Iberogast((R))) for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. To elucidate possible modes of action, the focus of this study is on antioxidant properties of the phytomedicine STW 5. In fact, functional gastrointestinal diseases, such as non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and irritable bowel syndrome, are often initiated by or correlated to inflammatory processes, where oxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role. Prominent in vivo sources of ROS generation are represented by the enzymes xanthine oxidase (XOD) or myeloperoxidase (MPO). Applying these enzymes in models in vitro, we show that STW 5 and its components possess strong antioxidant activities. Depending on the model investigated, even pro-oxidant activities of single components of STW 5 could be observed. Interestingly, these effects were absent in STW 5, indicating cooperation between the components. Moreover, if one of the component extracts of STW 5 is omitted, the antioxidant activity is reduced. Thus we conclude that all the single extracts combined in STW 5 are of importance for the therapeutic effect, working in concert. The component of STW 5 performing best in vitro differed with the model investigated, respectively, with ROS and ROS generators. In the XOD system, the extracts of lemon balm leaf and peppermint leaf showed the best antioxidant result, whereas concerning MPO driven chlorination reactions, bitter candy tuft extract was the most efficient antioxidant. Best protection against peroxynitrite induced oxidation of methionine like sulfur-compounds exhibited the STW 5 components lemon balm leaf, Matricaria flower and peppermint leaf.
 ...
PMID:Radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties of STW 5 (Iberogast) and its components. 1677 93

Nutrition has an important role in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. This role includes the prevention and correction of malnutrition, the prevention of osteoporosis and in children the promotion of optimal growth and development. In active Crohn's disease nutritional therapy (in the form of enteral feeding) is an effective primary therapy for many patients. Corticosteroids, however, are more effective than enteral diet therapy in adults. Enteral diets should be considered as primary therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease, especially in children with poor nutritional status or growth impairment. Enteral nutrition does not have a proven primary therapeutic role in ulcerative colitis. There are many theories that suggest that diet may be implicated in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease, however, there are, as yet, no dietary approaches proven to reduce the risk of developing IBD.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2006
PMID:Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease. 1678 29

Chronic constipation is defined as a symptom-based disorder based on the presence for at least 3 months in the last year of unsatisfactory defecation characterized by infrequent stools, difficult stool passage, or both. On the other hand, the presence of clinically important abdominal discomfort or pain associated with constipation defines irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation. Intake of dietary fibre and bulking agents (psyllium) may be effective in alleviating chronic constipation in patients without slow colonic transit or disordered constipation. On the other hand, fibre may improve stool consistency in patients with IBS with constipation, but it is considered to be not effective in improving abdominal pain, distension or bloating. Probiotics may be effective in relieving constipation; however, the effect of lactic acid bacteria ingestion may be dependent on the bacterial strain used and the population being studied. Lactulose, which is a substrate for lactic acid bacteria (prebiotic), is effective to treat patients with chronic constipation.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2006
PMID:Nutritional care of the patient with constipation. 1678 30

Patients with widespread pain or fibromyalgia syndrome have many symptoms besides musculoskeletal pain: e.g. fatigue, sleep difficulties, a swollen feeling in tissues, paresthesia, cognitive dysfunction, dizziness, and symptoms of overlapping conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, headaches and restless legs syndrome. There is evidence for central sensitization in these conditions, but further studies are needed. Anxiety, stress and depression are also present in 30-45% of patients. Other factors that may contribute to symptoms include endocrine dysfunction, psychosocial distress, trauma, and disrupted sleep. Evaluation of a patient presenting with widespread pain includes history and physical examination to diagnose both fibromyalgia and associated or concomitant conditions. Fibromyalgia should be diagnosed by its own characteristic features. Some patients with otherwise typical symptoms of fibromyalgia may have as few as four to six tender points in clinical practice. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus should be evaluated for fibromyalgia, since 20-30% of them have associated fibromyalgia, requiring a different treatment approach.
Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2007 Jun
PMID:Role of central sensitization in symptoms beyond muscle pain, and the evaluation of a patient with widespread pain. 1760 95

Gaseous symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) including eructation, flatulence, and bloating occur as a consequence of excess gas production, altered gas transit, abnormal perception of normal amounts of gas within the gastrointestinal tract, or dysfunctional somatic muscle activity in the abdominal wall. Because of the prominence of gaseous complaints in IBS, recent investigations have focussed on new insights into pathogenesis and novel therapies of bloating. The evaluation of the IBS patient with unexplained gas and bloating relies on careful exclusion of organic disease with further characterisation of the underlying condition with directed functional testing. Treatment of gaseous symptomatology in IBS should be targeted to pathophysiologic defects whenever possible. Available therapies include lifestyle alterations, dietary modifications, enzyme preparations, adsorbents and agents which reduce surface tension, treatments that alter gut flora, and drugs that modulate gut transit.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2007
PMID:Irritable bowel syndrome and bloating. 1764 9

Chronic constipation is a common disorder manifested by a variety of symptoms. Assessments of colonic transit and anorectal functions are used to categorize constipated patients into three groups, i.e., normal transit or irritable bowel syndrome, pelvic floor dysfunction (i.e., functional defaecatory disorders) and slow transit constipation. 'Slow transit' constipation is a clinical syndrome attributed to ineffective colonic propulsion and/or increased resistance to propagation of colonic contents. Defaecatory disorders are caused by insufficient relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles or a failure to generate adequate propulsive forces during defaecation. Colonic transit is often delayed in patients with functional defaecatory disorders. Normal and slow transit constipation are generally managed with medications; surgery is necessary for a minority of patients with slow transit constipation. Functional defaecatory disorders are primarily treated with pelvic floor retraining using biofeedback therapy.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2007
PMID:Constipation. 1764 10

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory disorders caused by a disruptive interaction between the immune system and gut luminal factors. Although the exact aetiology of IBD remains unclear, accumulating data, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have advanced our understanding of the immunopathogenesis. This review highlights the role in gut homeostasis and IBD pathogenesis. It focuses on past and recent advances in our understanding of IBD, including genetics and immunobiology. Recently published GWAS have confirmed earlier findings related to the NOD2 gene and the IBD5 locus. In addition, over 30 novel loci have been identified. Several promising associations between Crohn's disease and gene variants have been identified and replicated, the two most widely replicated being variants in the IL23R and ATG16L1 genes. These findings highlight and further support the importance of the immune system and its interactions with the intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2009
PMID:Update on genetics in inflammatory disease. 1941 49

Motility and functional disorders of the small intestine, the colon and the anorectum can induce or contribute to symptoms such as diarrhoea, constipation and abdominal pain and may impair nutrient absorption in severe cases. Acute affections of intestinal functions e.g. during gastrointestinal infections usually need no functional diagnostics but resolve spontaneously or with adequate therapy of the underlying disease. By contrast, chronic disturbances of small intestinal, colonic and anorectal motility and/or sensitivity are subject to gastrointestinal function tests. The role of these tests for diagnosis and therapeutic handling of severe intestinal dysmotility/chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, severe constipation, diarrhoea, fecal incontinence and irritable bowel syndrome will be discussed in this review that mainly focuses on adults.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2009
PMID:Intestinal and anorectal motility and functional disorders. 1950 68

Drugs used for treating inflammatory bowel disease are known to have a number of gastrointestinal and liver adverse effects. 5-ASA products are relatively safe and have few adverse events. In contrast sulfasalazine has side effects in 11-40% of treated patients including fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Glucocorticoids can induce or propagate peptic ulcers and upper GI bleeding especially in combination with NSAIDs. Thioguanins may have severe gastrointestinal side effects including gastrointestinal complaints (in up to 12%), hepatotoxicity (up to 4%) and pancreatitis (1%). Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) is an important potential side effect of thiopurine therapy especially in men with Crohn's disease after ileocecal resection. NRH may ultimately lead to portal hypertension. A major concern of methotrexate therapy in IBD besides myelosuppression and pulmonary fibrosis is hepatotoxicity. 5mg of folic acid substitution per week potentially decreases gastrointestinal side effects by 80% without interfering with the efficacy of methotrexate. Besides renal dysfunction, tremor, hirsutism, hypertension and gum hyperplasia cyclosporine is known to have a number of gastrointestinal side effects that occur with less frequency such as diarrhoea (up to 8%) nausea and vomiting (up to 10%) and hepatotoxicity in 1-4%. Rare gastrointestinal adverse events are gastritis and peptic ulcers. Paying attention to these potential deleterious side effects is mandatory for physicians treating IBD patients.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010 Apr
PMID:Gastrointestinal and liver adverse effects of drugs used for treating IBD. 2022 29

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is often regarded as an autoimmune disorder and occurs frequently in relation to inflammatory bowel disease. The ongoing fibro-obliterative process of the biliary tree ensues in liver failure or cholangiocarcinoma in 12-18 years. PSC patients with concurrent IBD are at increased risk of developing colorectal carcinoma. Ursodeoxycholic acid, which is widely prescribed in PSC, is despite intensive clinical research still not proven to halt disease progression. Nor-ursodeoxycholic acid seems promising in animal models of cholestasis. Novel compounds that are involved in the immunological axis between the gut and the liver await clinical testing in PSC.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2011 Apr
PMID:Novel developments in IBD-related sclerosing cholangitis. 2164 Sep 25


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>