Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We identified a locus on chromosome 6q16.3-q24.2 (ref. 1) associated with childhood obesity that includes 2.4 Mb common to eight genome scans for type 2 diabetes (T2D) or obesity. Analysis of the gene ENPP1 (also called PC-1), a candidate for insulin resistance, in 6,147 subjects showed association between a three-allele risk haplotype (K121Q, IVS20delT-11 and A-->G+1044TGA; QdelTG) and childhood obesity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.69, P = 0.0006), morbid or moderate obesity in adults (OR = 1.50, P = 0.006 or OR = 1.37, P = 0.02, respectively) and T2D (OR = 1.56, P = 0.00002). The Genotype IBD Sharing Test suggested that this obesity-associated ENPP1 risk haplotype contributes to the observed chromosome 6q linkage with childhood obesity. The haplotype confers a higher risk of glucose intolerance and T2D to obese children and their parents and associates with increased serum levels of soluble ENPP1 protein in children. Expression of a long ENPP1 mRNA isoform, which includes the obesity-associated A-->G+1044TGA SNP, was specific for pancreatic islet beta cells, adipocytes and liver. These findings suggest that several variants of ENPP1 have a primary role in mediating insulin resistance and in the development of both obesity and T2D, suggesting that an underlying molecular mechanism is common to both conditions.
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PMID:Variants of ENPP1 are associated with childhood and adult obesity and increase the risk of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. 1602 15

The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of prediabetes [impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance are considered to be precursors to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)] in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) cases and matched controls. Ninety-two patients with IBS and 104 healthy matched controls were included in this study. Type 2 DM was considered an exclusion criterion in both groups. Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were examined; after 1 night of fasting, an oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g glucose was administered, and the blood glucose levels after 2 hours were examined. Although there were no significant differences in the triglyceride levels, significant differences were found for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P < 0.001, 0.001, and <0.001, respectively). These measures were found to be elevated in the IBS group compared with the control group. The frequency of prediabetes, which is regarded as the first stage of type 2 DM, was also found to be significantly higher in the IBS group (P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, such as age, lipid levels, and anthropometric measures in the analysis of covariance models, prediabetes was significantly more frequent in the IBS group than in the control group (P < 0.001). Thus, given the higher prediabetes occurrence in IBS, IBS may indirectly indicate a higher risk of DM. Further investigations will be necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms behind these observations.
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PMID:Increased frequency of prediabetes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. 1956 52

Colonic gases are among the most tangible features of digestion, yet physicians are typically unable to offer long-term relief from clinical complaints of excessive gas. Studies characterizing colonic gases have linked changes in volume or composition with bowel disorders and shown hydrogen gas (H(2)), methane, hydrogen sulphide, and carbon dioxide to be by-products of the interplay between H(2)-producing fermentative bacteria and H(2) consumers (reductive acetogens, methanogenic archaea and sulphate-reducing bacteria [SRB]). Clinically, H(2) and methane measured in breath can indicate lactose and glucose intolerance, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and IBS. Methane levels are increased in patients with constipation or IBS. Hydrogen sulphide is a by-product of H(2) metabolism by SRB, which are ubiquitous in the colonic mucosa. Although higher hydrogen sulphide and SRB levels have been detected in patients with IBD, and to a lesser extent in colorectal cancer, this colonic gas might have beneficial effects. Moreover, H(2) has been shown to have antioxidant properties and, in the healthy colon, physiological H(2) concentrations might protect the mucosa from oxidative insults, whereas an impaired H(2) economy might facilitate inflammation or carcinogenesis. Therefore, standardized breath gas measurements combined with ever-improving molecular methodologies could provide novel strategies to prevent, diagnose or manage numerous colonic disorders.
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PMID:Contributions of the microbial hydrogen economy to colonic homeostasis. 2258 31