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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Irritable bowel syndrome need not be a diagnosis of exclusion. It can be made with confidence on clinical grounds, without wasting secondary care resources or increasing the patient's anxiety by unnecessary investigations.
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PMID:Irritable bowel syndrome--making the diagnosis. 260 4

1. Leptin inhibits food intake and is an important regulator of long-term energy balance. In rodents, plasma concentrations of leptin are increased by administration of interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor. Hyperleptinaemia may mediate the anorexia and weight loss which is observed in chronic infections and inflammatory conditions. 2. Plasma leptin and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor (sTNF-r55) concentrations were measured in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and healthy controls. 3. The patients with AIDS were severely wasted [% body fat 12 (9-16); median (interquartile range)] compared with those with inflammatory bowel disease [25.1 (19-31.5)] and control subjects [29.4 (23.6-37.8)]. Leptin concentrations were highly correlated with percentage body fat in controls (r = 0.74, P < 0.001) and patients with IBD (r = 0.73, P < 0.001) but not in the patients with AIDS (r = -0.024). Leptin concentrations were similar in the inflammatory bowel disease [4.8 (2.6-10.1) ng/ml] and control groups [8.0 (3.1-14.1) ng/ml] but were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in patients with AIDS [1.8 (1.5-2.3) ng/ml] after 23 patients were matched for sex and percentage body fat in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [2.4 (1.8-4.1) ng/ml]. Plasma concentrations of sTNF-r55 were higher in both the patients with inflammatory bowel disease [0.19 (0.16-0.23) ng/ml] and those with AIDS [4.8 (2.8-7.3) ng/ml] compared with controls [0.14 (0.09-0.16) ng/ml] but were not correlated with either percentage body fat or plasma leptin concentrations. 4. Hyperleptinaemia does not appear to mediate the anorexia and weight loss associated with inflammatory bowel disease and AIDS. In patients with AIDS with extreme wasting there was no relationship between body fat and leptin and this may be related to the rapid weight loss which occurs in these patients.
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PMID:Plasma leptin in chronic inflammatory bowel disease and HIV: implications for the pathogenesis of anorexia and weight loss. 968 69

The CD40-CD154 pathway is important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Here we show that injection of an agonistic CD40 mAb to T and B cell-deficient mice was sufficient to induce a pathogenic systemic and intestinal innate inflammatory response that was functionally dependent on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma as well as interleukin-12 p40 and interleukin-23 p40 secretion. CD40-induced colitis, but not wasting disease or serum proinflammatory cytokine production, depended on interleukin-23 p19 secretion, whereas interleukin-12 p35 secretion controlled wasting disease and serum cytokine production but not mucosal immunopathology. Intestinal inflammation was associated with IL-23 (p19) mRNA-producing intestinal dendritic cells and IL-17A mRNA within the intestine. Our experiments identified IL-23 as an effector cytokine within the innate intestinal immune system. The differential role of IL-23 in local but not systemic inflammation suggests that it may make a more specific target for the treatment of IBD.
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PMID:Differential activity of IL-12 and IL-23 in mucosal and systemic innate immune pathology. 1692 Jun 36

This study evaluated the various growth parameters among patients presenting with chronic diarrhea and highlight the most common causes of chronic diarrhea among a sample of Egyptian infants and children. This cross-sectional study included 146 patients with chronic diarrhea. They were 87 males and 59 females, with age ranging between 2 and 198 months and a mean age of 27.3 +/- 34.5 months. Each patient was subjected to medical history taking including age of onset and duration of diarrhea, consistency of stools, presence of blood and mucus, vomiting with or without hematemesis, fever, allergic manifestations and family history of atopy. Dietetic history included milk feeding during the first 6 months and age of weaning and age of introduction of cow's milk products. Anthropometric measurements included weight and height and weight for height were assessed and z-scores were calculated using software WHO anthro v3.2.2. Laboratory investigations included stool analysis and culture, CBC and all other investigations necessary for diagnosis of the definite cause including RAST for specific IgE against cow's milk proteins, serology for celiac disease (anti-gliadin and anti tTG), Breath hydrogen test, endoscopy (colonoscopy or esophago-gastrodudenoscopy) and histopathologic assessment of endoscopic biopsies. CMA was diagnosed on basis of withdrawal and open re-challenge technique. Causes included chronic infections (40.4%), CMA (34.9%), celiac disease (10.3%), inflammatory bowel disease (6.8%) and lactose intolerance (3.4%). Rare causes were chronic non-specific diarrhea (1.3%), cystic fibrosis (0.7%), post-surgery short bowel syndrome (0.7%), neuroblastoma (0.7%) and IBS (0.7%).78.7% of patients enrolled in the study had a low WFA z-score (< -2), 75% had low length for age z-score (<-2) and 50.7% showed wasting with low weight for height z-scores (< -2). Patients with IBD had the lowest mean value of WFA and HFA z-scores (-4.03 +/- 3.23, -6.31 +/- 3.74 respectively). Infants with CMA had the lowest mean value of WFH z-score (-2.26 +/- 1.78).
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PMID:Growth assessment in Egyptian infants and children with chronic diarrhea. 2346 34