Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical use of TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily, member 1; also known as VR1) antagonists is based on the concept that endogenous agonists acting on TRPV1 might provide a major contribution to certain pain conditions. Indeed, a number of small-molecule TRPV1 antagonists are already undergoing Phase I/II clinical trials for the indications of chronic inflammatory pain and migraine. Moreover, animal models suggest a therapeutic value for TRPV1 antagonists in the treatment of other types of pain, including pain from cancer. We argue that TRPV1 antagonists alone or in conjunction with other analgesics will improve the quality of life of people with migraine, chronic intractable pain secondary to cancer, AIDS or diabetes. Moreover, emerging data indicate that TRPV1 antagonists could also be useful in treating disorders other than pain, such as urinary urge incontinence, chronic cough and irritable bowel syndrome. The lack of effective drugs for treating many of these conditions highlights the need for further investigation into the therapeutic potential of TRPV1 antagonists.
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PMID:The vanilloid receptor TRPV1: 10 years from channel cloning to antagonist proof-of-concept. 1746 95

Panic disorder is a common, disabling condition that affects 3% to 5% of the world's population. Although it is treatable, panic disorder goes unrecognized and untreated in many patients. Patients with panic disorder have an increased risk for other psychiatric disorders, especially other anxiety disorders, and panic disorder is associated with other medical conditions such as migraines, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel syndrome. Clinicians treating panic disorder must be able to recognize the disorder, differentiate it from other disorders in which panic attacks are part of the symptomatology, and map out an individualized treatment plan for each patient. This presentation discusses the importance of collaboration between doctor and patient and details available treatment options, including antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
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PMID:Recognition and treatment of panic disorder. 1805 52

Fibromyalgia pain is frequent in the general population, but its pathogenesis is only partially understood. Patients with fibromyalgia lack consistent tissue abnormalities but display features of hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to painful stimuli) and allodynia (lowered pain threshold). Many recent fibromyalgia studies have demonstrated central nervous system (CNS) pain processing abnormalities, including abnormal temporal summation of pain. In the CNS, persistent nociceptive input from peripheral tissues can lead to neuroplastic changes resulting in central sensitization and pain. This mechanism appears to represent a hallmark of fibromyalgia and many other chronic pain syndromes, including irritable bowel syndrome, temporomandibular disorder, migraine, and low back pain. Importantly, after central sensitization has been established, only minimal peripheral input is required for the maintenance of the chronic pain state. Additional factors, including pain-related negative affect and poor sleep have been shown to significantly contribute to clinical fibromyalgia pain. Better understanding of these mechanisms and their relationship to central sensitization and clinical pain will provide new approaches for the prevention and treatment of fibromyalgia and other chronic pain syndromes.
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PMID:Psychophysical and neurochemical abnormalities of pain processing in fibromyalgia. 1832 68

Pain is a unique personal experience showing variability where gender and sex related effects might contribute. The mechanisms underlying the differences between women and men are currently unknown but are likely to be complex and involving interactions between biological, sociocultural and psychological aspects. In women, painful experimental stimuli are generally reported to produce a greater intensity of pain than in men. Clinical pain is often reported with higher severity and frequency, longer duration, and present in a greater number of body regions in women than in men. Women are also more likely to experience a number of painful conditions such as fibromyalgia, temporomandibular dysfunction, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis and irritable bowel syndrome. With regard to biological factors, quantitative as well as qualitative differences in the endogenous pain inhibitory systems have been implicated, as well as an influence of gonadal hormones. Psychosocial factors like sex role beliefs, pain coping strategies, and pain related expectancies may also contribute to the differences. Being exposed to repeated painful visceral events (eg menses, labour) during life may contribute to an increased sensitivity to, and greater prevalence of, pain among women. When assessing the outcome of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies in pain treatment, the factors of gender and sex should be taken into account as the response to an intervention may differ. Preferably, treatment recommendations should be based on studies using both women and men as the norm. Due to variability in results, findings from animal studies and experiments in healthy subjects should be interpreted with care.
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PMID:Is it all about sex? Acupuncture for the treatment of pain from a biological and gender perspective. 1835 97

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by generalized chronic pain, with mainly musculoeskeletal and excess tenderness in certain areas of the body of unknown origin. Patients with fibromyalgia are often affected by additional pain symptoms, mostly funtional disorders. People with fibromyalgia experience migraines as well as symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Others digestive functional disorders have not been yet associated with fibromyalgia. We enclosed preliminary results of a study including all functional disorders according to Rome II criteria. We conclude that these disorders are more prevalent in patients with fibromyalgia and not only the IBS. These functional disorders are also associated with some emotional factors. All these factors make that quality of life in those patients were not good.
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PMID:[Functional digestive disorders and fibromyalgia]. 1841 34

5-Hydroxytryptamine, or serotonin, is a biogenic amine most noted for its role as a neurotransmitter. Manipulation of serotonin in animal models was used as a tool for studying its role in humans. Through such research serotonin has been shown to modulate gastrointestinal motility, peripheral vascular tone, cerebral vascular tone, and platelet function and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders, emesis, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and pulmonary and systemic hypertension. The knowledge gained is being directly applied back to animals in research on drugs that manipulate the serotonergic system in dogs and cats. Increasing use and availability of drugs that manipulate the serotonergic system has created a circumstance through which a novel toxicity was discovered in both humans and animals. Serotonin Syndrome describes the clinical picture seen in humans and animals with serotonin toxicity. This paper provides a review the physiology of serotonin and its involvement in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of various conditions, including the Serotonin Syndrome.
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PMID:Serotonin: a review. 1847 Nov 39

This article reviews current findings regarding the pathophysiologic abnormalities that contribute to the enhanced pain responses of individuals with fibromyalgia as well as the relationships between fibromyalgia and commonly co-occurring disorders. Risk factors for fibromyalgia or enhanced pain responses include genetic and family influences, environmental triggers, and abnormal neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system function. These risk factors also are associated with several disorders that frequently co-occur with fibromyalgia, such as major depressive disorder, migraine, and irritable bowel syndrome. Indeed, fibromyalgia and these co-occurring conditions may be part of a group of affective spectrum disorders that share important common, and perhaps heritable, causal factors. Recent research strongly suggests that alterations in central processing of sensory input also contribute to the cardinal symptoms of fibromyalgia, persistent widespread pain and enhanced pain sensitivity. Exposure to psychosocial and environmental stressors, as well as altered autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine responses, also may contribute to alterations in pain perception or pain inhibition. Understanding the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia and co-occurring disorders may help clinicians provide the most appropriate treatment to their patients.
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PMID:Pathophysiologic mechanisms of fibromyalgia and its related disorders. 1853 57

Chronic pain represents one of the most important public health problems and, in addition to classical analgesics, antidepressants are an essential part of the therapeutic strategy. This article reviews available evidence on the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in major chronic pain conditions; namely, neuropathic pain, headaches, low back pain, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and cancer pain. Studies, reviews and meta-analyses published from 1991 to March 2008 were retrieved through MEDLINE, PsycINFO and the Cochrane database using numerous key words for pain and antidepressants. In summary, evidence supports the use of tricyclic antidepressants in neuropathic pain, headaches, low back pain, fibromyalgia and IBS. The efficacy of the newer serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors is less supported by evidence, but can be recommended in neuropathic pain, migraines and fibromyalgia. To date, evidence does not support an analgesic effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, but beneficial effects on well-being were reported in several chronic pain conditions. These results are discussed in the light of current insights in the neurobiology of pain, the reciprocal relationship between pain and depression, and future developments in this field of research.
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PMID:Antidepressants for the treatment of chronic pain. 1909 3

Nerve, muscle, and inflammatory cells involved in gastrointestinal (GI) function have high-energy requirements and are affected in mitochondrial disorders. Familial aggregation of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) frequently involves mothers and their children. Since mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is maternally inherited, mtDNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could confer risk to the development of IBS. The mtDNA SNPs, 16519C>T and 3010G>A, are associated with migraine and childhood cyclic vomiting syndrome. Our hypothesis is that these mtDNA SNPs are associated with functional GI disorders (FGIDs) and GI functions. The mt genome was first tested for the 7028C polymorphism (defining haplogroup H) in 699 patients or controls, and those with 7028C were further genotyped at 16519 and 3010. Phenotypes were based on symptoms (validated questionnaires and criteria) and GI physiology using validated motor and sensory studies. Constipation-predominant IBS and alternating constipation and diarrhea IBS are less prevalent in individuals with the 7028C mtDNA polymorphism than in individuals with 7028T. Conversely, 7028C is associated with higher maximum tolerated volume (lower satiation) compared with 7028T. Among those with 7028C, nonspecific abdominal pain (chronic abdominal pain or dyspepsia) was significantly associated with 3010A compared with 3010G (odds ratio 3.3, P=0.02), and slower gastric emptying was statistically associated with 3010G. There were no significant associations of mtDNA genotypes tested and stomach volumes, small bowel or colonic transit, rectal compliance, and motor or sensory functions. Thus variation in mtDNA may be associated with satiation, gastric emptying, and possibly pain; further studies of mtDNA in appetite regulation and larger numbers of patients with FGIDs are warranted.
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PMID:Mitochondrial DNA and gastrointestinal motor and sensory functions in health and functional gastrointestinal disorders. 1914 1

Patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) often have multiple medical comorbidities. The adrenal system and genetic and environmental factors are intermediaries between anxiety and medical illnesses such as chronic pain conditions and gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, endocrine, and respiratory disorders. Medical disorders associated with anxiety include migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, peptic ulcer disease, irritable bowel syndrome, coronary heart disease, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Compared to people with pain conditions without GAD, individuals with pain conditions and GAD experience and register pain differently; they also have increased awareness of symptoms. Comorbid medical illnesses may influence treatment choice for GAD. Treatment of anxiety in young patients with GAD needs to be long-term to decrease vulnerability to medical conditions.
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PMID:Generalized anxiety disorder and medical illness. 2019 49


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