Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rectal mucosal biopsies of 13 patients suffering from ulcerative colitis, 7 patients presenting symptomatology typical of irritable colon, and 7 control persons were studied by the recently introduced glyoxylic-acid-induced fluorescence histochemical method. In ulcerative colitis, compared to control specimens: 1) the density of the adrenergic nerve network was significantly pronounced; 2) the mean diameter of the varicosities and the proportional share of large varicosities were increased, as well as the number of varicosities per a given length of an axon; 3) the intensity of the fluorescence of varicosities of comparable size was significantly increased; 4) the number of enterochromaffin cells was significantly decreased. In irritable colon, compared to control specimens, the number of enterochromaffin cells was significantly increased. These findings suggest that biogenic amines are somehow involved in both ulcerative colitis and irritable colon. The fluorescence histochemical method used was found sensitive, specific, and suitable for comparative studies on human clinical material.
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PMID:Rectal mucosal adrenergic innervation and enterochromaffin cells in ulcerative colitis and irritable colon. 86

Personality-specific features as opposed to illness-related reactions were studied in 101 patients with ulcerative colitis, duodenal ulcers or irritable colon syndrome (experimental group) and 81 patients with gallstone disease, inguinal hernia or varicose veins (control group). The method used was the Lazare-Klerman-Armor personality test. Results indicated that features previously suggested to characterize the experimental group, such as egocentricity and dependency, were likely to be illness-related reactions expressed by all patients with an acute disease. The greatest difference between the groups was found on emotionality: the control group found it difficult to control their emotions when they were ill while the experimental group felt emotionally more stable when they were ill.
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PMID:'Psychosomatic personality'--a personality constellation or an illness-related reaction? 259 48

The prevalence and construct validity of Type A behaviour were studied in 34 patients with duodenal ulcers, 35 patients with ulcerative colitis, 37 patients with irritable colon syndrome, 29 patients with gallstone disease and 44 patients with varicose veins. Type A behaviour was measured using the Swedish version of the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) supplemented with some items of the Matthews Youth Test for Health. The results showed that patients with duodenal ulcers scored more highly on Type A behaviour than any other group studied. Findings regarding the construct validity of Type A behaviour revealed its basic component to be impatience characterized by aggression, a chronic sense of time urgency and competitiveness. Some characteristics such as a sense of responsibility and social activity, conceptually part of the pattern, were found to be actually independent of it.
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PMID:The prevalence and construct validity of type A behaviour in patients with duodenal ulcers. 362 Mar 93

The prevalence of alexithymia was studied in a psychosomatic group consisting of 34 patients with duodenal ulcer, 35 patients with ulcerative colitis and 38 patients with irritable colon syndrome, and in a control group consisting of 29 patients with gallstone disease, 13 patients with inguinal hernia and 44 patients with varicose veins. The methods used were the Beth Israel Hospital Questionnaire, the Thematic Apperception Test, the Rorschach Test and the score of emotionality derived from Lazare's Test. The results showed that alexithymia can be detected in an unselected sample of psychosomatic patients. The social class was of no significance, but a high score of alexithymia was registered for the male psychosomatic patients.
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PMID:Concept of alexithymia. I. The prevalence of alexithymia in psychosomatic patients. 383 45

Rectal endoscopic ultrasonography was performed using an ultrasound fiberscope in 20 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension (6 alcoholic patients, 4 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen positive, and 10 cryptogenic patients) and in 10 patients with irritable bowel syndrome as controls. Rectal varices were diagnosed endoscopically when either tortuous or saccular distended veins were seen beneath the mucosa. At rectal endoscopic ultrasonography rectal varices were seen as rounded or oval echo-free structures in the submucosa. Rectal endoscopic ultrasonography also showed perirectal veins outside the rectal wall. Rectal varices were detected by endoscopy in 9 patients and by rectal endoscopic ultrasonography in 17 patients. Rectal endoscopic ultrasonography also detected submucosal veins in 3 of 10 controls. The number and size of submucosal veins seen on rectal endoscopic ultrasonography in patients with portal hypertension were greater than in controls (p < 0.01 for both number and size). The size of perirectal veins was greater in patients than in controls (p < 0.05), although their number was no different (p = NS). A perforating vein communicating between a submucosal and perirectal vein was seen in only one patient. Rectal wall thickness was not different in patients and controls (p = NS). Rectal endoscopic ultrasonography was superior to endoscopy in detecting the presence (85% versus 45%, p < 0.01), and number (p < 0.01) of rectal varices. Our study suggests that rectal endoscopic ultrasonography is useful in detecting changes in rectal and perirectal vasculature in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.
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PMID:Endoscopic ultrasonographic evaluation of the rectum in cirrhotic portal hypertension. 822 84

The potential therapeutic applications of somatostatin and octreotide in gastroenterology involve gut neuro-endocrine tumours, bleeding varices, bleeding peptic ulcers, gastro-intestinal fistulae, pancreatic fistulae, dumping syndrome, pancreatic pseudocysts, short bowel syndrome, acute pancreatitis, AIDS-related diarrhoea, intestinal subacute obstruction, idiopathic 'diarrhoea', irritable bowel syndrome and GIT tumours. Octreotide has a longer duration of action than somatostatin and can be administered by subcutaneous injection, thus making it suitable for long-term administration. Many of the potential gastro-intestinal indications require long-term administration and thus octreotide would be the agent of choice.
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PMID:Potential indications for octreotide in gastroenterology: summary of workshop. 835 70

Fifty cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension but without colonic or systemic disease underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in order to investigate the effects, if any, of portal hypertension on the colon. Fifty patients without liver or systemic disease, examined by colonoscopy because of irritable bowel syndrome in the same period served as controls. Rectosigmoid varices were observed in 34% of the cirrhotic patients and 2% of the controls. Hemorrhoids were observed in 70% of the cirrhotic patients and 48% of the controls. Multiple vascular-appearing lesions were found in 16% of the cirrhotic patients and 6% of the controls. Nonspecific inflammatory changes were noted in 10% of the cirrhotic patients and 4% of the controls. Simultaneous presence, in the same patient, of rectosigmoid varices, hemorrhoids, multiple vascular-appearing lesions, and nonspecific inflammatory changes, was observed in only five (10%) of the cirrhotic patients. We found polyps in 12% of the cirrhotic patients and 14% of the controls, and a malignant tumor in 4% of the cirrhotic patients. The patients with normal colonoscopic findings were 8% of the cirrhotic patients and 36% of the controls. All patients and controls were followed up for 1 year; there was no gastrointestinal hemorrhage among controls, whereas 34% of the cirrhotic patients had an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (88% from esophageal varices, 12% from the stomach) and 4% had a lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage (one from rectosigmoid varices and one from nonspecific inflammatory lesions). Colonic lesions were significantly more frequent in the cirrhotic patients (92%) than in the control group (64%); however, such lesions did not seem specific to the disease and were not statistically correlated with the degree of esophageal varices by Child's grading, the etiology of cirrhosis, or the bleeding risk from the lower gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Colonic disease in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension: an endoscopic and clinical evaluation. 960 Mar 75

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP), defined as non-cyclic pain of 6 or more months, is a frequent disorder that may negatively affect health-related quality of life. In women several causes are recognised, although in a not negligible proportion of patients a definite diagnosis cannot be made. Different neurophysiological mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of CPP. Pain may be classified as nociceptive or non-nociceptive. In the first case the symptom originates from stimulation of a pain-sensitive structure, whereas in the second pain is considered neuropatic or psychogenic. Patients history is crucial and is generally of utmost importance for a correct diagnosis, being sometimes more indicative than several diagnostic investigations. The main contributing factors in women with CPP can still be identified by history and physical examination in most cases. Many disorders of the reproductive tract, urological organs, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and psycho-neurological systems may be associated with CPP. Excluding endometriosis, the most frequent causes of CPP are: post-operative adhesions, pelvic varices, interstitial cystitis and irritable bowel syndrome. CPP is a symptom, not a disease, and rarely reflects a single pathologic process. Gaining women's trust and developing a strong patient-physician relationship is of utmost importance for the long-term outcome of care.
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PMID:Chronic pelvic pain in women: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnostic approach. 1934 4

Low residue or fiber deficient diets have been implicated in the etiology of numerous disorders, (1) from colonic neoplasms to dental caries, from varicose veins to atheroma and ischemic heart disease.(2, 3) Although wheat bran is the most commonly mentioned source of dietary fiber, there are many other sources available.What is fiber and what is its importance? Is it merely another fad? Previously irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease were treated with a low residue diet-has the change to a high fiber diet been justified? Only recently has methodology effectively separated crude fiber from dietary fiber. Few, and often conflicting, clinical trials are available for management guidance.
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PMID:The bulk of gastroenterology. 2046 85