Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pharmacology of 5-HT and the classification of 5-HT receptors have become increasingly complex. However, recent advances have produced a new nomenclature system for 5-HT receptors. 5-HT3 receptors are neuronal receptors coupled directly to cation channels. Recently, many selective 5-HT3-receptor antagonists including tropisetron, zacopride, ondansetron, granisetron, zatosetron, nazasetron, YM060 and YM114 (KAE-393) have been developed. Many actions attributable to the 5-HT3-receptor have been described in both the peripheral and central nervous systems, and clinical trials are already showing the potential use of these 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in a number of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, such as nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and migraine. In addition, endogenous 5-HT is suggested to be one of the substances that mediate stress-induced responses in gastrointestinal function, i.e., increase in fecal pellet output and diarrhea. Moreover, YM060, YM114 (KAE-393) and granisetron have been reported to inhibit restraint stress- and 5-HT-induced increases in fecal pellet output and diarrhea in rats and mice, indicating that endogenous 5-HT may mediate stress-induced changes in bowel function through the 5-HT3 receptor. Therefore, 5-HT3-receptor antagonists are new therapeutic drugs for stress-induced gastrointestinal dysfunctions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
 ...
PMID:[Serotonin (5-HT)3 receptors: antagonists and their pharmacological profiles]. 795 7

There has been tremendous interest in 5-HT3 receptor antagonists since their discovery and the subsequent identification of 5-HT3 receptors in the CNS. Based on the results of early behavioural tests with these compounds, there has been substantial interest in their potential use for the treatment of various CNS disorders. In this review, Andrew Greenshaw attempts to clarify the status of the therapeutic potential of these drugs, discussing inconsistencies in preclinical findings and identifying areas in need of clarification through future research. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are claimed to be potentially useful in the treatment of nausea, inflammatory pain (migraine and irritable bowel syndrome), anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, dementia and drug abuse!
 ...
PMID:Behavioural pharmacology of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: a critical update on therapeutic potential. 810 96

The role of calcium in the etiology of anxiety has been proposed for several decades. Calcium channel blockers profoundly influence calcium metabolism and the transport of calcium. Even though the evidence for the role of calcium remains weak, drugs affecting calcium might be useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders. One of these compounds, verapamil, has been used to treat mood disorders. Calcium channel blockers have also been tried in other indications such as premenstrual syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, schizophrenia, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette's syndrome. However, the number of articles on the use of calcium channel blockers in the treatment of anxiety disorders is low. Three reports (two open, one double-blind) described some success in the treatment of panic disorder with verapamil, diltiazem, or nimodipine and one open-label study described unsuccessful treatment of anxiety and phobia with nifedipine in patients with various anxiety disorders. Further double-blind placebo-controlled studies of calcium channel blockers in the treatment of anxiety disorders are warranted to determine a possible role of these compounds in the armamentarium of antianxiety drugs.
 ...
PMID:Calcium channel blockers for anxiety disorders? 898 18

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been reported in 10-22% of adults. Amongst patients seeking medical attention for IBS 70-90% may have psychiatric co-morbidity, most commonly major depression. In contrast, few studies have looked at the prevalence of IBS in psychiatric patients. To our knowledge, there are no studies assessing the prevalence of IBS in patients with schizophrenia. Using a semistructured clinical interview to study the prevalence of IBS, we compared 47 patients with schizophrenia to an age-matched control group (n = 40) of patients who were seeking treatment in a primary care physicians office for other medical illnesses. IBS was diagnosed according to the criteria of Drossman et al. Nineteen percent (n = 9) of the patients with schizophrenia met criteria for IBS in contrast to 2.5% (n = 1) of the control group (p = 0.012). Schizophrenic patients seldom complain of gastrointestinal symptoms until specifically asked. Therefore, it may be important to inquire about gastrointestinal symptoms prior to initiating pharmacotherapy in order to differentiate side effects from a prior existing condition. Prospective studies should address the question whether remission of psychosis leads to improvement or resolution of IBS.
 ...
PMID:The relationship between schizophrenia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 907 6

Neuropsychiatric diseases viewed as multifaceted expression of a dysfunctional brain in which atypical responses are evoked by various sensory inputs. Disease entities have traditionally been classified according to the predominant manifestation ( ) without regard to the overlapping features of many of the diseases (+/-). Thus, mild to moderate pain, mood, cognitive, and neurosomatic symptoms are frequently present in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients. Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is listed as an example of a predominantly chronic pain syndrome. Affect (mood) disorders include depression (Depress.), anxiety, panic reactions, blunted affect, mania, etc. Schizophrenia (Schizo.) is listed as an example of a major cognitive psychosis. Autism as well as various forms of dementia would be included in this category. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an example of a neurosomatic disease.
 ...
PMID:Stealth viruses as neuropathogens. 1015 Jan 89

The 5-HT(3) receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Many selective 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists have been developed; animal studies with such compounds suggested their potential therapeutic value in combating emesis and a wide range of CNS diseases including anxiety, schizophrenia, drug dependence and Alzheimer's disease. Their successful introduction as anti-emetics, with irritable bowel syndrome emerging as a further indication have partially fulfilled this initial promise. However, the CNS area has been less productive and, to date, no selective 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist has been approved for use in a CNS disease.
 ...
PMID:5-HT(3) receptor antagonists. 1113 47

140 patients with the irritable bowel syndrome were examined. According to the results of clinical analysis of the manifestations, symptomatology and structure of comorbidity, two syndrome types were identified. These included those: with the phenomena of autonomic or conversive neurosis (89.3 and 10.7% respectively). The syndrome with signs autonomic neurosis were characterized by: 1) spontaneous or somatogenic manifestation; 2) homomorphism and stability of both abdominalgias and defecation disorders; 3) limitation of functional disorders in gastrointestinal organs; 4) syndromal and temporary (parallelism of formation and dynamics) comorbidity with endogenous diseases (66%) (cyclothymia, slowly progressive schizophrenia), hypochondriac development (16%) and anxious-phobic disorders (18%); 5) correlation with subclinic somatic pathology of gastrointestinal tract. Syndrome with the phenomena of conversive neurosis was characterized by: 1) psychogenically induced manifestation; 2) polymorphism and instability of abdomnalgias and stool disorders; 3) polymorphism of functional disorders of different organ systems; 4) syndromic and temporary (parallelism of formation and dynamics) comorbidity with subsyndromic psychic disorders: transitent hysterohypochondriac phobias (cardiophobia, tanatophobia)--60%, transitent (less than 2-3 months) hysteroaffective reactions caused by situations--40%; 5) none or minimal concomitant subclinical gastrointestinal pathology.
 ...
PMID:[The irritable bowel syndrome in mental patients]. 1124 82

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional gastrointestinal disorder, is present in 10% to 20% of the U.S. adult population. The syndrome is best defined as chronic abdominal discomfort with changes in stool frequency, consistency, and passage, with associated symptoms such as abdominal bloating or presence of mucus in stools. Several studies have shown that up to 70% to 90% of patients with IBS who seek treatment have psychiatric comorbidity, most notably mood and anxiety disorders. Recent studies have shown a high prevalence of IBS in psychiatric patients who seek treatment, with a prevalence of 19% in schizophrenia, 29% in major depression, and 46% in panic disorder among other disorders. Our article reviews the comorbidity of IBS in psychiatric patients and discusses implications for treatment.
 ...
PMID:Comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome in psychiatric patients: a review. 1252 23

The 5-HT3A receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel, is involved in pain pathways, nausea and emesis, and irritable bowel syndrome, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and depression. Recently, a naturally occurring variation (ProArg) in the second intracellular loop of the human (h) 5-HT3A receptor was identified in a schizophrenic patient. Because the substitution of proline, an alpha-imino acid, by arginine may affect the conformation of the whole receptor, the aim of the present study was to determine the pharmacological and functional properties of this variant compared to the wild-type receptor in stably transfected HEK293 cells. Studies of binding of [H]GR65630, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, to membranes (saturation and competition experiments with 5-HT3 receptor ligands) and patch-clamp studies of agonist-induced currents in outside-out patches were carried out. In comparison to the wild-type, the variant receptor exhibited no changes in the receptor density and the affinities for nine representative ligands (five agonists and four antagonists). The potencies and efficacies of three 5-HT3 receptor agonists in inducing currents through the ion channel and the potencies of two 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in blocking 5-HT-evoked currents did not differ between wild-type and variant receptors. In addition, there were no differences in the desensitization kinetics of both receptor isoforms. In conclusion, the ArgPro variation of the h5-HT3A receptor does not change ligand binding to the h5-HT3A receptor, nor does it modify current through the receptor channel.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacological and electrophysiological properties of the naturally occurring Pro391Arg variant of the human 5-HT3A receptor. 1516 4

Talnetant (SB-223412) is a selective, orally active NK3 antagonist based on 4-quinolinecarboxamide, and is under development by GlaxoSmithKline (formerly SmithKline Beecham) for the potential treatment of several disorders, including urinary incontinence, irritable bowel syndrome and schizophrenia. By November 2004, the compound had completed phase II trials.
 ...
PMID:Talnetant GlaxoSmithKline. 1604 68


1 2 3 Next >>