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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been well known in Japan that fasting therapy has an excellent effect on various kinds of psychosomatic diseases. From 1967 to 1977 the therapy was carried out on about 382 cases of psychosomatic diseases in our clinic with an efficacy rate of 87%. The following diseases were considered as suitable indications for the therapy; irritable colon, behavioral disturbance of eating, functional disorders of the G-I tract, neurocirculatory asthenia, labile hypertension, variable psychosomatic symptoms of puberty, conversion hysteria and many kinds of neurosis with somatic complaints. The mechanism of effectiveness of the therapy is discussed from the psychological and biological aspects. It is concluded that the regulating mechanisms of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system may change the whole functioning of the body including the brain, resulting in a spontaneous deconditioning of maladaptive bodily and mental behavior and an improved homeostatic adjustment to life.
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PMID:Fasting therapy for psychosomatic disorders in Japan. 48 52

This study tested the hypothesis that, patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), there is a primary hyperalgesia of the colon. Previous work, which examined these patients and normals, has not included subjects who provide a control for relevant psychological characteristics. We compared ratings of pain, following varying degrees of distension of the sigmoid colon, in normals, patients with IBS, and patients who were psychologically disturbed but without bowel symptoms. Psychological characteristics were assessed by a psychiatric interview and psychometric inventories; response to distension was tested by placing a tube in the rectosigmoid colon and successively inflating a nd deflating a balloon at its tip at 10 cm3 increments up to 50 cm3. Ratings of pain were recorded at each volume. The results indicated that the two patient groups were psychologically similar and both were more disturbed than normals. A linear relation was found between reports of pain and volume of distension in all three groups. There were no significant differences between the proportions of subjects experiencing pain in each group or the average of the ratings. There were no significant associations between the pain ratings and measures of anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and extraversion. The data do not support the hypothesis that colonic hyperalgesia is an important contributory factor in the etiology of the irritable bowel syndrome.
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PMID:Irritable bowel syndrome: a test of the colonic hyperalgesia hypothesis. 53 39

It has been well known that the fasting therapy which was invented in Medical School of Tohoku University reveals an excellent effect upon various kinds of psychosomatic diseases, but its therapeutic mechanism and suitable indication are not yet explained completely. In order to corroborate these problems, this study was undertaken on 262 cases of psychosomatic diseases in the field of internal medicine. It is a complete fasting for 10 days with nothing by mouth except for drinking water, and 500 ml of parenteral fluid containing vitamins are administered intravenously every day. Absolute bed rest and self meditation are required in a closed individual room, and patients are not allowed to meet anyone but physicians and nurse in charge. The return to normal ordinary diet follows the order of fluid diet, soft diet and semiordinary diet during 5 days. In the period of the therapy, various clinical and laboratory examinations were carried out. Significance of these examinations consists in prediction of possible danger during the fasting period and elucidation of its therapeutic mechanism. Consequently, an outstanding efficacy rate of 87% with excellent prognosis was attained, and the following diseases were determined as suitable indication of this therapy; irritable colon, dysorexia nervosa, borderline hypertension, neurocirculatory asthenia, bronchial asthma, mild diabetes mellitus, obesity, lumbago without organic findings, conversion hysteria, various neurosis with somatic symptoms and masked depression. Possible mechanism of action of the therapy is that fasting acts as an extreme stress on the function of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems, then it regulates the function of whole body including the brain, also it acts as one of the behaviour therapy for abnormal conditioning.
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PMID:Fasting therapy for psychosomatic diseases with special reference to its indication and therapeutic mechanism. 96 29

A standardised inventory of stressful life events and a bowel symptom questionnaire were administered at three month intervals for one year to 383 women who were unselected with respect to bowel symptoms. A NEO Personality Inventory was given initially to assess neuroticism. Subjects who satisfied restrictive diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome were compared with those who complained of abdominal pain plus altered bowel habits but who did not meet restrictive diagnostic criteria (functional bowel disorder) and with controls without bowel dysfunction. The irritable bowel group showed significantly higher levels of stress than the other two groups even when the confounding effects of neuroticism were statistically controlled for. Time lagged correlations showed that stress in one three month interval was significantly correlated with bowel symptoms in the subsequent three month interval for all groups. The slope of the regression line relating stress to bowel symptoms was significantly steeper for the irritable bowel group than for the other two groups at three and six months, suggesting that subjects with irritable bowel syndrome show a greater reactivity to stress. Stress scores were also significantly correlated with the number of disability days and the number of medical clinic visits for bowel symptoms.
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PMID:Effects of stressful life events on bowel symptoms: subjects with irritable bowel syndrome compared with subjects without bowel dysfunction. 162 67

Forty patients with a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 32 patients with peptic ulcer disease underwent a full psychiatric assessment. All were rated using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale, the Life Experiences Survey and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. The 2 groups were not distinguishable on total GSRS scores or rates of DSM-III diagnosed mental disorder. However, greater trait scores for neuroticism and introversion were found in the IBS group, together with a greater reporting of life events perceived as negative.
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PMID:A comparison of the mental status, personality profiles and life events of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer disease. 192 62

Employing a Hindi adaptation of the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ), neuroticism level was assessed in 133 subjects with irritable bowel syndrome and compared with that in patients with organic bowel disease (33), healthy population (140) and known neurotics (110). Compared with healthy controls and patients with organic bowel disease, significantly higher scores were found among irritable bowel syndrome patients in all the subscales except obsession. The total of scores was midway between those of the normal population and known neurotics. Neurotic disorder was detected in 51% of irritable bowel syndrome patients compared to 24% of organic bowel disease subjects (P less than 0.05) and 7.8% of the healthy population. Cut-off points, calculated as mean + 2 SD of scores in the healthy population, were found to be reliable as shown by clinical interview.
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PMID:Neuroticism in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. 230 99

Two hypotheses were tested: (a) lowered tolerance for balloon distention of the rectosigmoid in patients with irritable bowel syndrome is caused by a psychological tendency to exaggerate the painfulness of any aversive stimulus, and (b) contractions elicited by balloon distention are responsible for pain reports. Tolerance for stepwise distention of a balloon in the rectosigmoid was compared with tolerance for holding one hand in ice water in 16 irritable bowel patients, 10 patients with functional bowel disorder who did not satisfy restrictive criteria for irritable bowel, 25 lactose malabsorbers, and 18 asymptomatic controls. Contractile activity was measured 5 cm above and 5 cm below the distending balloon. Psychometric tests were used to assess neuroticism, anxiety, and depression, and a standardized psychiatric interview was administered. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome had significantly lower tolerance for balloon distention but not ice water, and balloon tolerance was not correlated with neuroticism or other psychological traits measured. Rectosigmoid and rectal motility were also not related to tolerance for balloon distention. Both hypotheses were rejected. A peripheral mechanism such as altered receptor sensitivity may be the cause of distention pain in irritable bowel syndrome.
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PMID:Tolerance for rectosigmoid distention in irritable bowel syndrome. 232 11

Our study was designed to test the hypothesis that psychoneurosis in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may be the secondary effects of the unsatisfactory nature of the medical transactions (diagnosis, explanation, prognosis, and therapy) in IBS rather than a primary cause of the syndrome. We carried out psychometric assessments on three groups of subjects: 10 healthy volunteers, 12 patients diagnosed as suffering from benign gastrointestinal disease, and 18 patients with IBS. We found a significantly raised incidence of psychoneurosis in IBS, but the components of this were predominantly anxiety and obsession; the incidence of depression in all 3 groups was similar. We argue that the data support our hypothesis that the psychoneurotic manifestations are secondary components of IBS; the data do not support the hypothesis that IBS is a manifestation of depression.
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PMID:Role of psychological factors in the irritable bowel syndrome. 235 Dec 41

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features of patients with chronic unexplained dyspepsia and compare the symptoms with peptic ulcer and biliary pain, and determine the prevalence of symptoms that may indicate psychoneurotic traits and measure chronic illness behaviour (days lost from work and doctor visits). Studied were: 113 patients with essential dyspepsia, defined as endoscopically confirmed non-ulcer dyspepsia where gallstones, the irritable bowel syndrome and gastro-esophageal reflux have been excluded and there is no ascertainable cause for the dyspepsia; 55 patients with dyspepsia and peptic ulceration at endoscopy; and 53 patients with diagnosed biliary pain and cholelithiasis, proven at cholecystectomy. All patients completed a detailed structured history questionnaire in the presence of one investigator. More patients with peptic ulcer than with essential dyspepsia experienced night pain, pain relieved by food, and vomiting, while more patients with essential dyspepsia than with cholelithiasis experienced epigastric pain, lack of radiation of pain, continuous pain, mild to moderate pain, pain before meals, pain relieved by food and antacids, pain aggravated by food and alcohol, and an absence of vomiting (all p less than 0.01). Symptoms suggesting psychoneurosis, aerophagy symptoms, and chronic illness behaviour were similar in all groups. We conclude that certain symptoms may be of value in diagnosing the underlying cause of dyspepsia.
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PMID:Comparison of the clinical features and illness behaviour of patients presenting with dyspepsia of unknown cause (essential dyspepsia) and organic disease. 346 12

This paper reports on verbal content analysis measures (Gottschalk-Gleser method) of anxiety and hostility in duodenal ulcer, irritable bowel and generalized anxiety disorder patients, who were also administered the Eysenk Personality Inventory (EPI), and Beck and Zung depressiveness scales. Irritable bowel patients expressed significantly more death anxiety than the other groups in a 5-min free speech sample, while anxiety disorder patients scored highest on hostility directed inwards. In the whole sample, EPI neuroticism scores correlated with depressiveness scores and hostility measures appeared intercorrelated. Factor analyses with Varimax rotation revealed a similar clustering of variables. Results tend to suggest that irritable bowel patients are closer to anxiety disorder than to duodenal ulcer ('psychosomatic') patients in terms of intensity and patterning of affect expression.
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PMID:Content category analysis of affective expression in irritable bowel, duodenal ulcer and anxiety disorder patients. 361 86


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