Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Therapeutic interventions in the case of gastrointestinal disease are based on the understanding of the role of different inflammatory mediators. Reactive O2 and N2 metabolites are involved in IBD. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis signalling and redox-response transcription factors are depended on free radicals. NO activates COX enzymes. PGE2 negatively modulates induction of NO synthase by interleukins and therefore regulation of gastric mucosal integrity by endogenous NO depends on arachidonic acid cascade. PG-s have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects on the immune system. Dietary PUFA-s and eicosanoids have potential effects on the modulation of inflammatory processes and immune cells. The cholesterol level lowering activity of several cytokines and colony stimulating factor can be observed. Therapeutic efficacy of N-3 PUFA is described in cases of patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders, but N-3 PUFA-s only delay early relapse of ulcerative colitis in remission. TNF is known as a pleiotropic cytokine. Strategies for TNF in IBD is very important part of therapeutical approaches. Therapy with infliximab and related ones are encouraging in critical cases. It is also believed recently, that NF-kappaB also may be a target of IBD treatment. It became known, that oxidized LDL can inhibit LPS-induced binding of the NF-kappaB to DNA and the subsequent expression of TNF-alpha and interleukin-1beta in macrophages as well as oxidized LDL modulates activation of NF-kappaB in mononuclear phagocytes by altering the degradation of I-kappaBs. 15-d-PGJ2 inhibits multiple steps in the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. 15-d-PGJ2 metabolite binds PPAR-gamma promotes adipocyte differentiation. PPAR-gamma ligand inhibits growth of cells through induction of apoptosis. Several nutritional polyphenols (the secondary metabolites of plants) are COX2 and/or LOX inhibitors and iNOS activators. The moderate nutritional customs with natural antioxidants can help restore to normal function of gastrointestinal tract, but the immoderate consumption of vitamins and polyphenol type antioxidant molecules is contraindicated.
 ...
PMID:[Cytokines, prostaglandins, nutritive and non-nuitritive factors in inflammatory bowel diseases]. 1566 52

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, distension, and an altered bowel habit for which no cause can be found. Despite its prevalence, there remains a significant lack of efficacious medical treatments for IBS to date. In this paper we reviewed a total of 14 published studies (N=644) on the efficacy of hypnosis in treating IBS (8 with no control group and 6 with a control group). We concluded that hypnosis consistently produces significant results and improves the cardinal symptoms of IBS in the majority of patients, as well as positively affecting non-colonic symptoms. When evaluated according to the efficacy guidelines of the Clinical Psychology Division of American Psychological Association, the use of hypnosis with IBS qualifies for the highest level of acceptance as being both efficacious and specific. In reviewing the research on the mechanism of action as to how hypnosis works to reduce symptoms of IBS, some evidence was found to support both physiological and psychological mechanisms of action.
 ...
PMID:Hypnosis and irritable bowel syndrome: a review of efficacy and mechanism of action. 1575 63

As a group, functional gastrointestinal disorders are the most common gastrointestinal disorder seen by both generalists and specialists. These disorders can be frustrating to both patients and physicians as they are usually chronic in nature and difficult to treat. These disorders are associated with frequent healthcare visits, the scheduling of multiple, expensive diagnostic tests, and the use of both over-the-counter and prescription medications. All of these factors lead to a significant economic burden to society. In addition, functional gastrointestinal disorders are associated with a reduction in quality of life for the patient. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common of the functional gastrointestinal disorders. This syndrome has been the focus of a large number of research studies over the past two decades. These studies have resulted in a number of significant changes in our definition of IBS. In addition, these research studies have produced considerable changes in our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of IBS. In this section, we will review some of the evolutionary changes that have occurred in IBS. We will discuss how the definition of IBS has changed, consider our evolving strategies to evaluate and diagnose IBS, and finally, provide a brief overview of treatment options for this common disorder.
 ...
PMID:Irritable bowel syndrome: a syndrome in evolution. 1579 90

Motility and visceral hypersentitivity are regarded as the primary mechanisms of symptom development in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). While a variety of motor abnormalities have been described throughout the gastrointestinal tract in IBS, their specificity and relationship to symptoms remain unclear. Visceral hypersensitivity is ubiquitous in functional gastrointestinal disease and is especially common in IBS. Again, however, its specificity for IBS has been questioned. Many factors, including stress and psychopathology,complicate the interpretation of these phenomena and new re-search suggests that mucosal inflammation and luminal factors may be more fundamental to the etiology of this common disorder.
 ...
PMID:Disturbances of motility and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome: biological markers or epiphenomenon. 1586 31

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) usually is considered a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by pain, bloating and either diarrhea or constipation, but a small subgroup of patients report a sudden onset of their IBS symptoms after gastroenteritis, that is named postinfectious IBS. IBS can be diagnosed with confidence when a patient fulfills the Rome II criteria for IBS and displays no warning signs, as determined by a careful history and physical examination. In the past numerous test were considered routine for patients with suspected IBS, however, available data do not support this approach. The etiology of IBS remains unknown and therefore the treatment is focused on relieving symptoms rather than curing the disease. The patient main complaints such as constipation, diarrhea or bloating-pain-gas, determine the therapies of choice, according the severity of them.
 ...
PMID:[Irritable bowel syndrome: a concise diagnostic and pharmacological therapy review]. 1602 Dec 5

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with a wide variety of presentations that may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, or alternating bowel habits. Symptom-based criteria and a limited medical evaluation are used for diagnosis. The heterogeneity of IBS presenting symptoms, together with the pathophysiology of the disorder, is unclear, making treatment challenging. Treatment strategies are focused on specific symptoms, potential underlying disorders in stress responsiveness, and predisposing psychological features. Although only two medications, tegaserod for constipation-predominant IBS and alosetron for diarrhea-predominant IBS, are specifically indicated, a wide variety of treatment options are available and are discussed in this review.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: state of the art. 1604 7

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic abdominal discomfort or pain in the absence of detectable organic disease. IBS is common and is associated with a significant impairment in health-related quality of life. Enhanced perception of visceral stimuli ("visceral hypersensitivity") appears to be an important pathophysiological mechanism. Early IBS studies using functional brain imaging techniques suggest an alteration in central pain modulation circuits, rather than an increased sensitivity of peripheral visceral pain pathways. The frequent comorbidity with psychiatric disorders suggests the possibility of shared pathophysiological mechanisms and etiologic factors.
 ...
PMID:Pain perception in irritable bowel syndrome. 1627 11

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex and prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder that is treated with limited effectiveness by standard medical care. Hypnosis treatment is, along with cognitive-behavioral therapy, the psychological therapy best researched as an intervention for IBS. Eleven studies, including 5 controlled studies, have assessed the therapeutic effects of hypnosis for IBS. Although this literature has significant limitations, such as small sample sizes and lack of parallel comparisons with other treatments, this body of research consistently shows hypnosis to have a substantial therapeutic impact on IBS, even for patients unresponsive to standard medical interventions. The median response rate to hypnosis treatment is 87%, bowel symptoms can generally be expected to improve by about half, psychological symptoms and life functioning improve after treatment, and therapeutic gains are well maintained for most patients for years after the end of treatment.
 ...
PMID:Hypnosis for irritable bowel syndrome: the empirical evidence of therapeutic effects. 1631 80

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder. Characterised by abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating and altered bowel habit, IBS is a chronic recurring condition, typically affecting up to 15% of the Western population, IBS can be subclassified into IBS with constipation (IBS-C), IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D), or IBS with alternating constipation or diarrhoea symptoms (IBS-A). Conventional clinical diagnosis focuses on excluding all potential organic causes of patient symptoms. However, a positive diagnosis of IBS may be established using published criteria such as the Manning and/or Rome criteria. While these methods are useful to identify patients with IBS who are suitable for enrollment into clinical trials, the criteria are relatively complex and not readily applicable to general practice. In this review we present an 'identify, eliminate, probe' algorithm that may be appropriate to establish a positive diagnosis of patients with IBS-C, as symptoms characteristic of patients in this IBS subgroup are least likely to be confused with symptoms reflecting serious organic disease.
 ...
PMID:A symptom-based approach to making a positive diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. 1686 37

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal discomfort, bloating and disturbed defecation in the absence of any identifiable physical, radiologic or laboratory abnormalities indicative of organic gastrointestinal disease. Diagnosis is based on the identification of symptoms according to Manning, Rome I and Rome II criteria and exclusion of alarm indicators. Approximately, 10-20% of the general population has IBS, and it affects female more often than male for unexplained pathophysiologic reasons. In Korea, it has been reported that the prevalence of IBS is 2.2-6.6% by Rome II criteria and 22.3% by Manning criteria. The health care-seeking population was only 28.6% of community population. Although most patients do not seek medical help, the disease accounts for huge costs for both patients and health-care systems and worsens patients' quality of life significantly.
 ...
PMID:[Definition and epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome]. 1649 74


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>