Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the work diagnostic criteria of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in children and adolescents aged 4 to 18 years are presented. The criteria were elaborated by experienced experts in pediatrics and gastroenterology and were presented on Digestive Disease Week in San Diego in 2016 as modified IV Rome Criteria. In the work the following functional disorders are discussed: cyclic vomiting syndrome, functional nausea and vomiting, rumination syndrome, aerophagia, functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal migraine, functional abdominal pain - not otherwise specified, functional constipation, nonretentive fecal incontinence.
 ...
PMID:[Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents. The Rome IV criteria]. 2887 74

Functional lower gastrointestinal disorders include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional constipation, functional fecal incontinence, and functional anorectal pain. These disorders are common and have significant medical and social effects. They also can be challenging to manage. Patients with mild symptoms may benefit from lifestyle modification. IBS is classified into two subtypes: diarrhea-predominant and constipation-predominant. Depending on the IBS subtype and its likely etiology, patients may benefit from treatment with antispasmodics, antidepressants, guanylate cyclase-C agonists, chloride channel activators, antidiarrheal agents, probiotics, and/or antibiotics. Functional constipation responds to many of the same treatments as constipation-predominant IBS, which include guanylate cyclase-C agonists and chloride channel activators. The management of functional fecal incontinence includes behavioral therapy, relief of constipation (disimpaction, bulking agents), and antidiarrheal drugs. Functional anorectal pain management has not been well studied, but patient symptoms may improve with physical therapy, antispasmodics, nerve block, or onabotulinumtoxinA injection.
 ...
PMID:Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Functional Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders in Adults. 2952 6

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. IBS is a risk factor for fecal incontinence (FI), the unintentional passage of solid or liquid stool. FI can substantially interfere with health related quality of life (HRQL), leading to heightened anxiety and avoidance behavior. Nevertheless, relatively little research has been conducted on the prevalence of FI in IBS patients. This study evaluated the prevalence of FI in people with self-reported IBS and the relationship between FI and HRQL. 703 people who reported a diagnosis of IBS completed questionnaires on IBS symptom severity, FI symptom severity, HRQL, fear of food, anxiety about visceral sensations, and GI specific catastrophizing. Overall, 60% of people with IBS reported experiencing at least one lifetime episode of FI. In a subsample of 360 people who met strict Rome IV criteria and reported no other GI related co-morbidities, 62% reported experiencing at least one lifetime episode. While people who experienced FI more frequently had worse HRQL statistically, the differences in HRQL between people who had experienced FI and those who had not were not clinically significant. Rather than frequency of FI or physical symptom severity, quality of life was mostly determined by psychological variables, such as fear of food, anxiety, and catastrophizing. This study suggests that FI is quite prevalent in IBS patients, but that the best way to improve HRQL for IBS patients with FI may be to focus on reducing anxiety, catastrophizing and avoidance.
 ...
PMID:Fecal incontinence in people with self-reported irritable bowel syndrome: Prevalence and quality of life. 3019 47

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders are major contributing factors to functional GI diseases that account for >40% of patients seen in gastroenterology clinics and affect >20% of the general population. The autonomic and enteric nervous systems and the muscles within the luminal GI tract have key roles in motility. In health, this complex integrated system works seamlessly to transport liquid, solid, and gas through the GI tract. However, major and minor motility disorders occur when these systems fail. Common functional GI motility disorders include dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, postoperative ileus, irritable bowel syndrome, functional diarrhea, functional constipation, and fecal incontinence. Although still in its infancy, bioelectronic therapy in the GI tract holds great promise through the targeted stimulation of nerves and muscles.
 ...
PMID:Use of Bioelectronics in the Gastrointestinal Tract. 3024

The gastrointestinal tract has extensive, surgically accessible nerve connections with the central nervous system. This provides the opportunity to exploit rapidly advancing methods of nerve stimulation to treat gastrointestinal disorders. Bioelectric neuromodulation technology has considerably advanced in the past decade, but sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence currently remains the only neuromodulation protocol in general use for a gastrointestinal disorder. Treatment of other conditions, such as IBD, obesity, nausea and gastroparesis, has had variable success. That nerves modulate inflammation in the intestine is well established, but the anti-inflammatory effects of vagal nerve stimulation have only recently been discovered, and positive effects of this approach were seen in only some patients with Crohn's disease in a single trial. Pulses of high-frequency current applied to the vagus nerve have been used to block signalling from the stomach to the brain to reduce appetite with variable outcomes. Bioelectric neuromodulation has also been investigated for postoperative ileus, gastroparesis symptoms and constipation in animal models and some clinical trials. The clinical success of this bioelectric neuromodulation therapy might be enhanced through better knowledge of the targeted nerve pathways and their physiological and pathophysiological roles, optimizing stimulation protocols and determining which patients benefit most from this therapy.
 ...
PMID:Bioelectric neuromodulation for gastrointestinal disorders: effectiveness and mechanisms. 3039 18

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is defined as chronic pain and inflammation in the pelvic organs for more than six months. There are wide ranges of clinical presentations, including pelvic pain, painful intercourse, irritable bowel syndrome, and pain during urinating. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a subdivision of CPP, and the pain syndrome may be focused within a single organ or more than one pelvic organ. As there is uncertain pathogenesis, no standard treatment is currently available for CPPS. Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks acetylcholine release to paralyze muscles. Intravesical BoNT-A injection can reduce bladder pain in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. BoNT-A injected into the pelvic floor muscles of women has also been reported to improve chronic pain syndrome. Due to the reversible effect of BoNT-A, repeated injection appears to be necessary and effective in reducing symptoms. Adverse effects of BoNT-A may worsen the preexisting conditions, including constipation, stress urinary incontinence, and fecal incontinence. This review summarizes the evidence of BoNT-A treatment for CPPS in animal studies and clinical studies regarding the therapeutic effects of BoNT-A for CPPS in female patients.
 ...
PMID:Can Botulinum Toxin A Play A Role In Treatment Of Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome In Female Patients?-Clinical and Animal Evidence. 3205 Jun 85

Constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, fecal incontinence, abdominal pain, and anorectal pain are problems that affect 40% of the population. They commonly present with overlapping symptoms indicating that their pathophysiology affects multiple segments of the gut as well as brain and gut interactions. Clinically, although some conditions are readily recognized, dyssynergic defecation, fecal incontinence, and anorectal pain are often missed or misdiagnosed. Consequently, the assessment of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with suspected colonic or anorectal motility disorder(s) remains challenging for most clinicians. A detailed history, use of the Bristol stool form scale, prospective stool diaries, ideally through a phone App, digital rectal examination, and judicious use of complementary diagnostic tests are essential. Additionally, it is important to evaluate the impact of these problems on quality of life and psychosocial issues, because they are intricately linked with these disorders. The Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire for functional gastrointestinal disorders can provide additional information often missed during history taking. Here, we discuss a systematic approach for the clinical evaluation of patients with suspected lower gastrointestinal problems, grouped under 4 common diagnostic categories. We describe how to take a detailed history, perform meticulous digital rectal examination, and use validated tools to supplement clinical evaluation, including assessments of quality of life and scoring systems for disease severity and digital Apps. These tools could facilitate a comprehensive plan for clinical management including diagnostic tests, and translate the patients' complaints into definable, diagnostic categories.
 ...
PMID:Clinical Evaluation of a Patient With Symptoms of Colonic or Anorectal Motility Disorders. 3298 82


<< Previous 1 2 3 4